Pub Date : 2021-05-27DOI: 10.21303/2461-4262.2021.001829
M. Mammadova, N. Bayramov, Zarifa Jabrayilova
The article proposes the principles for the development of a fuzzy rule-based physician decision support system n to determine the stages of the most common hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) among malignant tumors of liver. The stages of HCC, i.e., critical situations, are expressed by different combinations of clinical signs of input data and emerging clinical conditions. These combinations shape the multiplicity of possible situations (critical situations) by forming linguistic rules that are in fuzzy relations with one another. The article presents the task of developing a fuzzy rules-based system for HCC staging by classifying the set of possible situations into given classes. In order to solve the problem, fuzzy rules of clinical situations and critical situations deviated from them are developed according to the possible clinical signs of input data. The rules in accordance with the decision-making process are developed in two phases. In the first phase, three input data are developed: nine rules are developed to determine possible clinical conditions based on the number, size, and vascular invasion of tumor. In the second phase, seven rules are developed based on possible combinations of input data on the presence of lymph nodes and metastases in these nine clinical conditions. At this stage, the rules representing the fuzzification of results obtained are also described. The latter provide an interpretation of results and a decision on related stage of HCC. It also proposes a functional scheme of fuzzy rules-based system for HCC staging, and presents the working principle of structural blocks. The fuzzy rule-based system for HCC staging can be used to support physicians to make diagnostic and treatment decisions
{"title":"Development of the Principles of Fuzzy Rule-Based System for Hepatocelular Carcinoma Staging","authors":"M. Mammadova, N. Bayramov, Zarifa Jabrayilova","doi":"10.21303/2461-4262.2021.001829","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21303/2461-4262.2021.001829","url":null,"abstract":"The article proposes the principles for the development of a fuzzy rule-based physician decision support system n to determine the stages of the most common hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) among malignant tumors of liver. The stages of HCC, i.e., critical situations, are expressed by different combinations of clinical signs of input data and emerging clinical conditions. These combinations shape the multiplicity of possible situations (critical situations) by forming linguistic rules that are in fuzzy relations with one another. The article presents the task of developing a fuzzy rules-based system for HCC staging by classifying the set of possible situations into given classes. In order to solve the problem, fuzzy rules of clinical situations and critical situations deviated from them are developed according to the possible clinical signs of input data. The rules in accordance with the decision-making process are developed in two phases. In the first phase, three input data are developed: nine rules are developed to determine possible clinical conditions based on the number, size, and vascular invasion of tumor. In the second phase, seven rules are developed based on possible combinations of input data on the presence of lymph nodes and metastases in these nine clinical conditions. At this stage, the rules representing the fuzzification of results obtained are also described. The latter provide an interpretation of results and a decision on related stage of HCC. It also proposes a functional scheme of fuzzy rules-based system for HCC staging, and presents the working principle of structural blocks. The fuzzy rule-based system for HCC staging can be used to support physicians to make diagnostic and treatment decisions","PeriodicalId":422358,"journal":{"name":"DecisionSciRN: Decision-Making in Healthcare (Topic)","volume":"73 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123369381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The government has proposed a ban on the sale of energy drinks to minors on the basis that these products have high levels of sugar and caffeine, and can be damaging to health. Many energy drinks are low in sugar or contain no sugar at all. Even full sugar energy drinks do not contain more sugar than Pepsi. All the leading energy drink brands have 32 mg of caffeine per 100 ml. This is more than tea and cola but less than any form of caffeinated coffee. Most single-serve coffees from leading high street retailers contain more caffeine than a can of energy drink. Young people consume far more caffeine from tea, coffee and cola than they do from energy drinks. Among 10 to 17 year olds, energy drinks contribute just 10.5% of total caffeine intake. Even the heaviest adolescent consumers of energy drinks get more than 80% of their caffeine from other sources. There is no evidence that sugar and caffeine in energy drinks is more problematic than sugar and caffeine in other beverages. A ban on one category of the soft drink market would be discriminatory and disproportionate.
{"title":"VOX Pop: Why Banning Energy Drinks Doesn't Make Sense","authors":"C. Snowdon","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3852054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3852054","url":null,"abstract":"The government has proposed a ban on the sale of energy drinks to minors on the basis that these products have high levels of sugar and caffeine, and can be damaging to health. Many energy drinks are low in sugar or contain no sugar at all. Even full sugar energy drinks do not contain more sugar than Pepsi. All the leading energy drink brands have 32 mg of caffeine per 100 ml. This is more than tea and cola but less than any form of caffeinated coffee. Most single-serve coffees from leading high street retailers contain more caffeine than a can of energy drink. Young people consume far more caffeine from tea, coffee and cola than they do from energy drinks. Among 10 to 17 year olds, energy drinks contribute just 10.5% of total caffeine intake. Even the heaviest adolescent consumers of energy drinks get more than 80% of their caffeine from other sources. There is no evidence that sugar and caffeine in energy drinks is more problematic than sugar and caffeine in other beverages. A ban on one category of the soft drink market would be discriminatory and disproportionate.","PeriodicalId":422358,"journal":{"name":"DecisionSciRN: Decision-Making in Healthcare (Topic)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130757633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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