Pub Date : 2018-11-07DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.78964
R. Dongre
Today growing science and technological needs explored various biopolymers to procure novel utilities in its modern developments. Consequently, polysaccharides embraced huge prospective and vastly caters such desired growing needs. Amid, chitin the second most ubiquitous after cellulose comprise of β-[1,4]-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-d-glucose flexible skeleton undergo alteration for requisite physico-chemical features and its highly sophisticated utility superseded counterpart cellulose. Chitosan have unique parameters namely bio-compatibility, non-toxicity, hemeostaticity, anti-microbials which offer com- petent solutions of many challenging problems. Thus, many products namely biomark -ers, biosensors, quantum dots are fabricated via adoptable productive chitosan matrixes. Advancement in chitosan chemistry proffers unambiguous industrial utility in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, nanobiotechnology, water purifications etc. Chitosan composites own enhanced muco-adhesivity that aids pharmacological safe and successful DNA/SiRNA/ tissue releases with bioavailability at target specific carriers. ZnO, ZnS, TiO2 filled/ imposed in chitosan and resultant hybrids, quantum dots, surface active microcapsules and nanoparticles are used as biosensors, bio-markers, adsorbents that proffers revolu- tionary medical usage. Nanointegrated chitosan own complementary strengths and possess assorted utility namely nano-electronic high-resolution devices, for in-vivo imaging, diseases diagnosis, generating new therapeutic and smart tissue engineering scaffolds. Novel modalities with innovative formulations are skillfully designed via chitosan matrix for myriad benefit in biology, chemistry, polymer, and pharmaceutics are displayed in this chapter. and drug delivery.
{"title":"Chitosan-Derived Synthetic Ion Exchangers: Characteristics and Applications","authors":"R. Dongre","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.78964","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.78964","url":null,"abstract":"Today growing science and technological needs explored various biopolymers to procure novel utilities in its modern developments. Consequently, polysaccharides embraced huge prospective and vastly caters such desired growing needs. Amid, chitin the second most ubiquitous after cellulose comprise of β-[1,4]-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-d-glucose flexible skeleton undergo alteration for requisite physico-chemical features and its highly sophisticated utility superseded counterpart cellulose. Chitosan have unique parameters namely bio-compatibility, non-toxicity, hemeostaticity, anti-microbials which offer com- petent solutions of many challenging problems. Thus, many products namely biomark -ers, biosensors, quantum dots are fabricated via adoptable productive chitosan matrixes. Advancement in chitosan chemistry proffers unambiguous industrial utility in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, nanobiotechnology, water purifications etc. Chitosan composites own enhanced muco-adhesivity that aids pharmacological safe and successful DNA/SiRNA/ tissue releases with bioavailability at target specific carriers. ZnO, ZnS, TiO2 filled/ imposed in chitosan and resultant hybrids, quantum dots, surface active microcapsules and nanoparticles are used as biosensors, bio-markers, adsorbents that proffers revolu- tionary medical usage. Nanointegrated chitosan own complementary strengths and possess assorted utility namely nano-electronic high-resolution devices, for in-vivo imaging, diseases diagnosis, generating new therapeutic and smart tissue engineering scaffolds. Novel modalities with innovative formulations are skillfully designed via chitosan matrix for myriad benefit in biology, chemistry, polymer, and pharmaceutics are displayed in this chapter. and drug delivery.","PeriodicalId":422441,"journal":{"name":"New Trends in Ion Exchange Studies","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133244836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-11-05DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.77148
S. Ramírez, Rafael Esteban Ribadeneira Paz
In this chapter are described the characteristics of transport of hydroxide ions through hydrated polymeric materials with potential application in alkaline fuel cells are described. First, it is made a brief description of anion-exchange membrane fuel cells (AEMFCs), their evolution and key characteristics. Then, this chapter presents a detailed classification of the different types of polymers that have been proposed for AEMFCs and their state of development. After that, mechanisms involved in the transport of hydroxide ions through hydrated anion-exchange membranes are described and discussed, making emphasis in the theoretical approaches applied for their study and their implementation and representability in global transport models. In the final section, it is summarized the key features of the chapter and is made a brief discussion about challenges and future work required for the consolidation of this promising technology.
{"title":"Hydroxide Transport in Anion-Exchange Membranes for Alkaline Fuel Cells","authors":"S. Ramírez, Rafael Esteban Ribadeneira Paz","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.77148","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.77148","url":null,"abstract":"In this chapter are described the characteristics of transport of hydroxide ions through hydrated polymeric materials with potential application in alkaline fuel cells are described. First, it is made a brief description of anion-exchange membrane fuel cells (AEMFCs), their evolution and key characteristics. Then, this chapter presents a detailed classification of the different types of polymers that have been proposed for AEMFCs and their state of development. After that, mechanisms involved in the transport of hydroxide ions through hydrated anion-exchange membranes are described and discussed, making emphasis in the theoretical approaches applied for their study and their implementation and representability in global transport models. In the final section, it is summarized the key features of the chapter and is made a brief discussion about challenges and future work required for the consolidation of this promising technology.","PeriodicalId":422441,"journal":{"name":"New Trends in Ion Exchange Studies","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123552138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-11-05DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.80970
J. Gasca-Tirado, A. Manzano-Ramírez, E. Rivera-Muñoz, R. Velázquez-Castillo, Miguel Apátiga-Castro, R. Nava, A. Rodríguez-López
{"title":"Ion Exchange in Geopolymers","authors":"J. Gasca-Tirado, A. Manzano-Ramírez, E. Rivera-Muñoz, R. Velázquez-Castillo, Miguel Apátiga-Castro, R. Nava, A. Rodríguez-López","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.80970","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.80970","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":422441,"journal":{"name":"New Trends in Ion Exchange Studies","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134440982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-11-05DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.81588
S. Karakuş, Ezgi Tan, Merve Ilgar, Ismail Sıtkı Basdemir, A. Kilislioglu
In this study, the antibacterial effect of novel copper (Cu) and silver (Ag) metal-based core- shell nanostructures against Escherichia coli ( E. coli -Gram negative) was investigated. The novel copper- and silver-based nanostructures were prepared separately by using nontoxic, biodegradable, and biocompatible biopolymers chitosan and guar gum-polyvinyl alcohol (GG-PVA), which were modified by inorganic phases SiO 2 and sepiolite. On the other hand, guar gum-PVA (GG-PVA) was modified by sepiolite, and this nanostructure was prepared only for silver. Besides, Cu was dispersed in a different biopoly- mer chitosan by sonochemical method in the presence and absence of SiO 2 . X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray diffrac- tion (XRD) techniques were used to characterize the surface chemistry and morphology of the core/shell nanostructure. Nanoscale zero-valent Cu (NZVCu) was found under thin CuO film according to the XPS results. SEM images showed that spherical Cu/CuO@SiO 2 nanostructures ( (cid:1) 100 nm) were homogenously dispersed in the chitosan by using sonochemical method. Antibacterial property of the core-shell nanostructures was analyzed by well-diffusion method against Escherichia coli ( E. coli -Gram negative). Cu/CuO@SiO 2 nanostructures were found very effective against the E. coli due to high ratio of NZVCu in the nanostructure.
{"title":"Comparative Antibacterial Effects of a Novel Copper and Silver- Based Core/Shell Nanostructure by Sonochemical Method","authors":"S. Karakuş, Ezgi Tan, Merve Ilgar, Ismail Sıtkı Basdemir, A. Kilislioglu","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.81588","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.81588","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, the antibacterial effect of novel copper (Cu) and silver (Ag) metal-based core- shell nanostructures against Escherichia coli ( E. coli -Gram negative) was investigated. The novel copper- and silver-based nanostructures were prepared separately by using nontoxic, biodegradable, and biocompatible biopolymers chitosan and guar gum-polyvinyl alcohol (GG-PVA), which were modified by inorganic phases SiO 2 and sepiolite. On the other hand, guar gum-PVA (GG-PVA) was modified by sepiolite, and this nanostructure was prepared only for silver. Besides, Cu was dispersed in a different biopoly- mer chitosan by sonochemical method in the presence and absence of SiO 2 . X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray diffrac- tion (XRD) techniques were used to characterize the surface chemistry and morphology of the core/shell nanostructure. Nanoscale zero-valent Cu (NZVCu) was found under thin CuO film according to the XPS results. SEM images showed that spherical Cu/CuO@SiO 2 nanostructures ( (cid:1) 100 nm) were homogenously dispersed in the chitosan by using sonochemical method. Antibacterial property of the core-shell nanostructures was analyzed by well-diffusion method against Escherichia coli ( E. coli -Gram negative). Cu/CuO@SiO 2 nanostructures were found very effective against the E. coli due to high ratio of NZVCu in the nanostructure.","PeriodicalId":422441,"journal":{"name":"New Trends in Ion Exchange Studies","volume":"60 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125596107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-11-05DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.76879
F. Wong, M. Halim, A. Ariff
In recent years, commercial production of proteins and metabolites from microbial fer- mentation for industrial applications has increased significantly. Innovative approaches are directed towards the improvement of the conventional batch fermentation method and the segregated downstream processing of target product to improve the overall process efficiency and to ensure that the process is economically viable. Feedback inhi - bition is a common problem faced during fermentation process when the concentration of end-product/by-product reaches a certain level. The excessive accumulation of end-product/by-product in the culture may inhibit the growth of cell and represses the secretion of target metabolite. In the production of many fermentative products such as antibiotics, amino acids, and fungal metabolites, a serious problem of feedback inhibi tion is often encountered. Cultivation of lactic acid bacteria and recombinant bacteria is usually subjected to by-product inhibition. Hence, extractive fermentation via in situ ion-exchange-based adsorptive technique is a possible approach to be used industrially to mitigate feedback inhibition, aimed at enhancing fermentation performance. In this chapter, advances in this area were presented. Strategies to overcome problem related to product/by-product inhibitions by this technique via dispersed, external, and internal resin system, and the general methodology in the implementation of the technique were also discussed.
{"title":"Extractive Fermentation Employing Ion-Exchange Resin to Enhance Cell Growth and Production of Metabolites Subject to Product or By-Product Inhibition","authors":"F. Wong, M. Halim, A. Ariff","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.76879","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.76879","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, commercial production of proteins and metabolites from microbial fer- mentation for industrial applications has increased significantly. Innovative approaches are directed towards the improvement of the conventional batch fermentation method and the segregated downstream processing of target product to improve the overall process efficiency and to ensure that the process is economically viable. Feedback inhi - bition is a common problem faced during fermentation process when the concentration of end-product/by-product reaches a certain level. The excessive accumulation of end-product/by-product in the culture may inhibit the growth of cell and represses the secretion of target metabolite. In the production of many fermentative products such as antibiotics, amino acids, and fungal metabolites, a serious problem of feedback inhibi tion is often encountered. Cultivation of lactic acid bacteria and recombinant bacteria is usually subjected to by-product inhibition. Hence, extractive fermentation via in situ ion-exchange-based adsorptive technique is a possible approach to be used industrially to mitigate feedback inhibition, aimed at enhancing fermentation performance. In this chapter, advances in this area were presented. Strategies to overcome problem related to product/by-product inhibitions by this technique via dispersed, external, and internal resin system, and the general methodology in the implementation of the technique were also discussed.","PeriodicalId":422441,"journal":{"name":"New Trends in Ion Exchange Studies","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127538585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：