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Sustainable Practices in International Chain Hotels in Muscat, Sultanate of Oman 阿曼苏丹国马斯喀特国际连锁酒店的可持续实践
Pub Date : 2021-04-11 DOI: 10.47259/IJREBS.223
Abdulmajeed Al Ghazali, Bianca Zaloumis, Firdouse R Khan
Purpose: The aims of the study were to analyze the sustainable practices adopted by international chain hotel brands in Muscat; to analyze and find out the extent of the sustainable practices affecting guest satisfaction in international chain hotels in Muscat and to determine the barriers and challenges faced by international hotel chain brands in Muscat.

Design/methodology/approach: Forty questionnaires were distributed to two chain hotels’ employees in different job positions. In-depth interviews were also used to gather qualitative information from human resources departments and corporate social responsibility specialists to discuss the current trends in sustainable practices in international chain hotel brands in Muscat. The collected data was then analyzed using SPSS and Qualitative tools.

Findings: The study reveals that the hotels’ sustainability initiatives had an effective impact on cost savings and helps to reduce waste, and resource wastage. It was also found that guests are willing to pay more at the hotel to support their green initiatives and the guests were satisfied with the innovation towards the sustainability initiatives undertaken and felt their stay a memorable one.
Research implications: It was observed that there is a strong relationship between sustainable green practices and guest satisfaction and so maintain the sustainable practices to raise the guest expectations. Some of the guests were not aware of the sustainable practices and the employees and the creation of awareness is a must.

Social implications: Awareness within the staff and the community can be raised only through proper education and training.

Originality/Value: The study confines to international chain hotels located in Muscat, the capital of Sultanate of Oman. The study excludes the economic and social aspects of sustainability as the entire focus was on the environmental aspects of sustainable practices only.
目的:本研究的目的是分析国际连锁酒店品牌在马斯喀特采用的可持续实践;分析并找出马斯喀特国际连锁酒店的可持续实践影响客人满意度的程度,并确定马斯喀特国际连锁酒店品牌面临的障碍和挑战。设计/方法/方法:向两家连锁酒店不同岗位的员工发放40份问卷。深入访谈还用于从人力资源部门和企业社会责任专家那里收集定性信息,以讨论马斯喀特国际连锁酒店品牌可持续实践的当前趋势。然后使用SPSS和定性工具对收集的数据进行分析。研究发现:酒店的可持续发展举措对节约成本产生了有效影响,并有助于减少浪费和资源浪费。我们还发现,客人愿意在酒店支付更多的钱来支持他们的绿色倡议,客人对所采取的可持续发展倡议的创新感到满意,并感到他们的住宿是难忘的。研究启示:我们观察到可持续的绿色实践与客人满意度之间存在着密切的关系,因此保持可持续的实践可以提高客人的期望。一些客人没有意识到可持续发展的做法,员工和创造意识是必须的。社会影响:只有通过适当的教育和培训才能提高工作人员和社区的认识。原创性/价值:该研究仅限于位于阿曼苏丹国首都马斯喀特的国际连锁酒店。这项研究排除了可持续性的经济和社会方面,因为整个重点只放在可持续做法的环境方面。
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引用次数: 0
The Blooming Risks: At Whose Cost? 盛开的风险:谁的代价?
Pub Date : 2020-10-20 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3715685
Olusola Temi Adekore
The trajectories of Obesity across the U.S. today and around the world could be much faster than earlier projected. Current data in the U.S., confirms the rates of Obesity prevalence are heightened. Without further strategic interventions, it is expected that a vast majority of U.S. population could be at higher risk of being overweight or obese by 2030. Yet after decades of surveillance and interventions, the rates of Obesity prevalence continue to rise with no end in sight. Is this a case of risk mismatch? Can society continue to ignore the trends of dismissal results in Obesity prevention whilst the epidemic continues to rip across communities? Obesity continues to rise across America today, and around the world leading to series of needless deaths, especially among at-risk population groups. These risks are too high to be ignored. Given the opportunity, the author seeks to be a contributing partner to assist in mitigating these impending risks. This paper by literature reviews, seeks to add to current understanding plausible strategic insights for the prevalence of Obesity in the U.S., and reasons why they cannot continue to be ignored.

*The Blooming Risks: At Whose Cost? (2018) was recently updated in 2020, with new data in light of the current COVID-19 Pandemic.
当今美国乃至全世界的肥胖发展轨迹可能比之前预计的要快得多。美国目前的数据证实,肥胖率正在上升。如果没有进一步的战略干预,预计到2030年,绝大多数美国人超重或肥胖的风险将更高。然而,经过数十年的监测和干预,肥胖症患病率继续上升,而且看不到尽头。这是风险不匹配的情况吗?当肥胖在各个社区蔓延的时候,社会是否还能继续忽视肥胖预防的趋势?如今,肥胖在美国和世界各地持续上升,导致了一系列不必要的死亡,尤其是在高危人群中。这些风险太大了,不容忽视。如果有机会,作者寻求成为一个有贡献的合作伙伴,以协助减轻这些迫在眉睫的风险。本文通过文献综述,试图增加当前对美国肥胖流行的合理战略见解的理解,以及它们不能继续被忽视的原因。*盛开的风险:以谁为代价?(2018)最近在2020年进行了更新,根据当前的COVID-19大流行提供了新数据。
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引用次数: 0
Does Nonprofit Ownership Matter for Firm Performance? Evidence from Ownership Conversions of Nursing Homes 非营利性所有权对公司绩效有影响吗?疗养院所有权转换的证据
Pub Date : 2020-06-15 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3343558
Lauren Xiaoyuan Lu, S. F. Lu
In the past two decades, many healthcare organizations converted their ownership status from nonprofit to for-profit (NP-to-FP) or from for-profit to nonprofit (FP-to-NP). These conversions have drawn public scrutiny and triggered a debate about the implications of ownership conversions on the performance of healthcare organizations. There is no clear answer to this debate as the existing empirical evidence on nonprofit behavior and performance has been inconclusive. Employing a nationwide panel dataset of U.S. nursing homes from 2006 to 2017, we conduct a difference-in-differences analysis on converted nursing homes’ performance in three dimensions: financial performance, quality of care, and access of care. We find that after NP-to-FP conversions, nursing homes’ operating margins and admissions of Medicaid residents increased significantly. The post-conversion quality of care decreased on average, and the decline was mostly concentrated in those nursing homes with high pre-conversion occupancy rates. By contrast, after FP-to-NP conversions, nursing homes’ operating margins and admissions of Medicaid residents decreased, while their quality of care remained unchanged. Validating the empirical implications of existing nonprofit theories, we find evidence supporting the theory of “nonprofit entrepreneurs” distributing profits through perquisites. Although we do not find evidence supporting the theory of nonprofits being “for-profits in disguise”, we do not find nonprofits to be altruistic in serving economically disadvantaged populations. We also do not find evidence supporting the theory that nonprofit status can be used as a quality signal to consumers. Based on these findings, we make two policy recommendations to nursing home regulators: (1) When evaluating NP-to-FP conversions, more scrutiny is needed for those with high pre-conversion occupancy rates, which would likely lead to a decline in quality of care; (2) FP-to-NP conversions need more scrutiny as they are likely to be used as vehicles to obtain undue government subsidies.
在过去的二十年中,许多医疗保健组织将其所有权状态从非营利转变为营利性(NP-to-FP)或从营利性转变为非营利(FP-to-NP)。这些转换引起了公众的关注,并引发了一场关于所有权转换对医疗保健组织绩效影响的辩论。这个争论没有明确的答案,因为现有的关于非营利行为和绩效的实证证据还没有定论。利用2006年至2017年美国养老院的全国面板数据集,我们从财务绩效、护理质量和护理可及性三个维度对改造后的养老院的绩效进行了差异中差异分析。我们发现,在np - fp转换后,养老院的营业利润率和医疗补助居民的入院率显著增加。转换后的护理质量平均下降,下降主要集中在转换前入住率高的养老院。相比之下,在FP-to-NP转换之后,养老院的营业利润率和医疗补助居民的入院率下降,而他们的护理质量保持不变。通过验证现有非营利理论的实证意义,我们发现了支持“非营利企业家”通过特权分配利润理论的证据。虽然我们没有发现证据支持非营利组织是“变相营利”的理论,但我们没有发现非营利组织在为经济弱势群体服务时是利他的。我们也没有发现证据支持非营利状态可以作为对消费者的质量信号的理论。基于这些发现,我们向养老院监管机构提出了两项政策建议:(1)在评估np - fp转换时,需要对那些转换前入住率高的养老院进行更多的审查,这可能会导致护理质量下降;(2)从fp到np的转换需要更多的审查,因为它们很可能被用作获得不当政府补贴的车辆。
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引用次数: 1
Critical Review of COVID-2019 in the World 全球2019冠状病毒病疫情回顾
Pub Date : 2020-04-23 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3583925
N. Khan, S. Fahad, M. Naushad, S. Faisal
COVID-2019 is the virus, which have killed so many people in the world. It was first appeared in China and then spread to the whole world and majority countries were affected by this virus. All world countries economies were damaged and oil prices were decreased and make the world unfavorable. Absolutely four months have been passed but still the attack of the virus is continued and all government of the world have imposed the locked down policy in their countries and all economic sectors have banned for work. Seeing to its importance the present study was arranged and its major objective was that to critically review the corona virus in the world.Total 15 articles were downloaded from the net and read 10 time and analyzed the situation of corona control in the world. The result indicates that China has announced the emergency in the world very lately because it was appeared in December and DR.Li has also delivered the message through Wechat while on the direction of China WHO announced the emergency on 20, Jan, 2020. Due to late announcement majority people from Wuhan were traveled to other countries of the world by air. So the other countries of the world have no knowledge about the situation while China has started fighting against corona virus and China has also the past experience of the SARS, so China has controlled the situation within two month and the trend reached to 46 on 16 April the new cases while the world others countries were in ABC situation. The people who came from Wuhan during emergency were checked and found negative and they were allowed to their countries but latter on emergency were also raised in other countries of the world while death number were over surpassed from China. The first country in number of cases was America which was followed by Spain, France, Germany, UK and Iran. In these countries the number of death was huge. The America total confirmed cases number was 674829 and the death number was 34475 while the new cases number was 26826. Similarly the Spain confirmed cases number was 182816 and death number was 19130 and the new cases number was 2157. The confirmed cases in Italy was 168941 and the death number was 22170 while the new cases number was 3786, in France the total confirmed cases number was 165027 and the death number was 17920 and the number of new cases was 17164. Germany total confirmed cases number was 136569 but the death number by corona was 3943 and the new cases number was 1816 while UK total confirmed cases number was 103093 and the death number was 13729 and the new cases number was 4617. Similarly the total confirmed cases in Iran were 77995 and the death number was 4869 and the new cases number was 1606. The main reasons were that they all lately imposed the lockdown in their countries and the quarantine situation was not properly implemented by government. The number of cases there was more while the facilities were less than the requirement. Trump has claimed to WHO and also gave thre
2019冠状病毒是导致世界上许多人死亡的病毒。它首先出现在中国,然后传播到世界各地,大多数国家都受到这种病毒的影响。世界各国的经济都受到了损害,石油价格下跌,使世界变得不利。绝对四个月过去了,但病毒的攻击仍在继续,世界各国政府都在本国实施封锁政策,所有经济部门都被禁止工作。鉴于其重要性,安排了本研究,其主要目标是严格审查世界上的冠状病毒。从网络下载15篇文章,阅读10次,分析全球冠状病毒防控形势。结果表明,中国在世界范围内宣布紧急情况的时间很晚,因为它是在12月出现的,李博士也通过微信发布了消息,而在中国方向上,世卫组织于2020年1月20日宣布了紧急情况。由于公布时间较晚,武汉的大多数人都是乘坐飞机前往世界其他国家的。所以世界上其他国家对这种情况一无所知,而中国已经开始与冠状病毒作斗争,中国也有过去的SARS经验,所以中国在两个月内控制了局势,4月16日的趋势达到了46例新病例,而世界其他国家处于ABC情况。在紧急情况下从武汉来的人被检查为阴性,他们被允许回到他们的国家,但后来在紧急情况下也在世界其他国家饲养,而中国的死亡人数超过了。病例数量最多的国家是美国,其次是西班牙、法国、德国、英国和伊朗。在这些国家,死亡人数是巨大的。美国累计确诊病例674829例,死亡病例34475例,新增病例26826例。同样,西班牙确诊病例数为182816例,死亡病例数为19130例,新病例数为2157例。意大利确诊病例168941例,死亡病例22170例,新增病例3786例;法国确诊病例165027例,死亡病例17920例,新增病例17164例。德国累计确诊病例136569例,死亡病例3943例,新增病例1816例;英国累计确诊病例103093例,死亡病例13729例,新增病例4617例。同样,伊朗的确诊病例总数为77995例,死亡人数为4869人,新病例数为1606人。主要原因是最近都在本国实施了封锁,政府没有正确执行隔离措施。那里的病例数量较多,而设施却不足。特朗普向世卫组织提出了要求,并威胁要削减资金,世卫组织秘书长也表示:“现在不是削减资金的时候,这将损害全球2019冠状病毒病的整个计划。”福奇博士还向特朗普声称,他们已经晚了一周启动了封锁计划,因此病毒开始蔓延到整个美联航社区。一开始,韩国跟随中国,病例数量比世界上其他国家多,但由于封锁和国内更多的医疗设施,他们很容易控制,韩国采用了中国的方法,但其他国家没有采用中国的方法。主要是社会距离,隔离,呆在家里,用肥皂洗手,戴口罩,以及国内医疗设施的可用性,而美国,西班牙,法国,德国,英国和伊朗没有及时实施隔离,因此确诊病例的数量增加,而医疗设施也没有适当可用,因此死亡人数比世界上其他国家更多。
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引用次数: 9
Tipología y régimen jurídico de los sujetos gestores de residencias de mayores (Typology and Legal Provisions Applicable to Nursing Homes) 养老院管理主体的类型和法律制度(适用于养老院的类型和法律规定)
Pub Date : 2020-04-01 DOI: 10.31009/INDRET.2020.I2.15
Jorge Castillo Abella
Este trabajo parte de una tipologia de los sujetos gestores de residencias de mayores atendiendo a su posicion en el sistema residencial de responsabilidad publica. Posteriormente, analiza de forma comparada su regimen juridico mediante el estudio de varios aspectos que se consideran basicos, como la actividad que conforma la prestacion residencial, relacion entre el gestor y el residente, los controles a los que se someten los centros, el regimen economico y de responsabilidad aplicable a cada uno de ellos o los requisitos de personal y organizativos que se les exigen. Ello permite, desde un punto de vista analitico, establecer similitudes y diferencias entre los distintos regimenes juridicos y generar criterios para comparar las ventajas y desventajas de cada uno.
本文从老年人住宅管理主体的类型入手,考虑其在公共责任住宅系统中的地位。之后,分析比较其政权juridico通过研究各方面被认为basicos活动与住宅prestacion、管理人员和居民之间的关系,控制中心进行,这个政权南极和适用于他们各自的责任或要求个人和组织,国际本科生。从分析的角度来看,这使得确定不同法律制度之间的异同成为可能,并产生比较每种法律制度的优缺点的标准。
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引用次数: 1
Pay-for-Performance and Selective Referral in Long-Term Care 长期护理按绩效付费和选择性转诊
Pub Date : 2017-05-02 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2971560
Toshiaki Iizuka, H. Noguchi, S. Sugawara
We examine how pay-for-performance (P4P) affects long-term care (LTC), exploiting a natural experiment in Japan. Matched user/care manager/provider data are used to observe care managers’ referral decisions. Care managers/providers can vertically integrate, and P4P creates new incentives for selective referrals. Overall, we found no robust evidence that P4P improves LTC outcomes. However, after P4P, LTC outcomes improved more when care managers referred users to affiliated providers than to non-affiliated providers. Moreover, care managers referred users whose care levels were more likely to improve to affiliated providers. Selective referrals are apparently explained by vertical integration and a lack of risk adjustment.
我们研究了绩效薪酬(P4P)如何影响长期护理(LTC),利用了日本的一个自然实验。匹配的用户/护理经理/提供者数据用于观察护理经理的转诊决策。护理经理/提供者可以垂直整合,P4P为选择性转诊创造了新的激励机制。总的来说,我们没有发现有力的证据表明P4P可以改善LTC结果。然而,在P4P之后,当护理经理将用户推荐给附属提供者时,LTC的结果比推荐给非附属提供者时改善更多。此外,护理经理将护理水平更有可能改善的用户推荐给附属提供者。选择性转诊显然是由垂直整合和缺乏风险调整来解释的。
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引用次数: 7
Demography of Global Aging 全球老龄化人口统计
Pub Date : 2016-09-06 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2834214
D. Bloom, Elizabeth A. Mitgang, B. Osher
Individuals aged 65 years and older currently make up a larger share of the population than ever before, and this group is predicted to continue growing both in absolute terms and relative to the rest of the population. This chapter begins by introducing the facts, figures, and forecasts surrounding the aging of populations across different countries at varying levels of development. In light of these trends, we examine challenges facing graying societies through the lenses of health, economics, and policy development. The chapter concludes with a selection of adaptable strategies that countries might consider to mitigate the strain – and to harness the full potential – of aging populations worldwide.
目前,65岁及以上的老年人在人口中所占的比例比以往任何时候都要大,预计这一群体的绝对数量和相对于其他人口的比例都将继续增长。本章首先介绍了不同发展水平的国家人口老龄化的事实、数据和预测。鉴于这些趋势,我们从健康、经济和政策发展的角度审视老龄化社会面临的挑战。本章总结了各国可以考虑的适应性策略,以减轻全球人口老龄化的压力,并充分利用其潜力。
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引用次数: 8
To Comfort Always: The Prospects of Expanded Social Responsibility for Long-Term Care 永远安慰:长期护理扩大社会责任的前景
Pub Date : 1995-02-01 DOI: 10.7208/9780226267951-007
A. Garber
Long-term care is an important means of providing basic and humanitarian care for elderly Americans who are severely disabled. The demand for long-term care is likely to increase dramatically as baby-boomers begin to reach advanced ages. Long-term care has been a focus of health care reform because its current financing--largely a combination of out-of-pocket payments and Medicaid--is viewed as inadequate. Only a small fraction of long-term care is financed by private insurance, which is expensive in part because moral hazard and adverse selection may create greater distortion in the utilization of long-term care than in use of hospital and physician services. Increased government financing does not appear to be a feasible option for the coming decades, since the ratio of retirees to working age adults will decline at the time that the demand for long-term care rises. Furthermore, there is little prospect that the costs of existing Federal entitlement programs can be reduced enough to finance a greatly expanded government role in long-term care. Although there are likely to be roles for private insurance, especially if it can be made more efficient, and publicly funded catastrophic coverage, Federal efforts to improve financing of long-term care are most likely to be successful if they promote private savings.
长期照护是为严重残疾的美国老年人提供基本和人道关怀的重要手段。随着婴儿潮一代步入老年,对长期护理的需求可能会急剧增加。长期护理一直是医疗改革的焦点,因为它目前的融资——主要是自付和医疗补助的组合——被认为是不足的。只有一小部分长期护理是由私人保险提供资金的,私人保险之所以昂贵,部分原因是在利用长期护理方面,道德风险和逆向选择可能比利用医院和医生服务造成更大的扭曲。在未来几十年,增加政府资助似乎不是一个可行的选择,因为退休人员与工作年龄成年人的比例将下降,而对长期护理的需求将上升。此外,现有联邦福利项目的成本降低到足以资助政府在长期护理方面发挥更大作用的可能性很小。尽管私人保险可能会发挥作用,特别是如果它能变得更有效率,并且由公共资助的灾难性保险,但如果联邦政府促进私人储蓄,那么改善长期护理融资的努力最有可能取得成功。
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引用次数: 21
期刊
NursingRN: Non-Hospital Settings (Topic)
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