S. Jamilatun, Suhendra, Budhijanto, Rochmadi, Taufikurahman, A. Yuliestyan, A. Budiman
Problems associated with the development of the first and second generations of biofuel, especially regarding its raw materials and complex processes, have led to the evolution of the third generation one, a microalgae-based bio-oil through pyrolysis. This research explored the effect of temperature ranging between 300−700 °C and the presence of Silica−alumina (Si-Al) catalyst at the variation of 5–20 wt.% on the pyrolysis process of Spirulina platensis microalgae solid residue, in search of optimum condition for collecting maximum bio-oil yield and its desired composition. The experiments without catalysts reached their optimum yield of 28 wt.% at 550 °C. While the involvement of 5 wt.% of Si- Al catalyst in the reactor resulted in a higher yield than that of without catalyst beyond 550 °C. Furthermore, a high amount of catalyst content at 20 wt.% seems to improve bio-oil yield collection up to 34.10 wt.%. Interestingly, referring to its C atoms number, SPR-based bio-oil by catalytic pyrolysis tended to produce such a considerable amount of gasoline leading to Pertamax, and the one without catalyst produced gasoline leading to Pertalite.
{"title":"Catalytic and non−catalytic pyrolysis of Spirulina platensis residue (SPR): Effects of temperature and catalyst content on bio-oil yields and its composition","authors":"S. Jamilatun, Suhendra, Budhijanto, Rochmadi, Taufikurahman, A. Yuliestyan, A. Budiman","doi":"10.1063/5.0013164","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0013164","url":null,"abstract":"Problems associated with the development of the first and second generations of biofuel, especially regarding its raw materials and complex processes, have led to the evolution of the third generation one, a microalgae-based bio-oil through pyrolysis. This research explored the effect of temperature ranging between 300−700 °C and the presence of Silica−alumina (Si-Al) catalyst at the variation of 5–20 wt.% on the pyrolysis process of Spirulina platensis microalgae solid residue, in search of optimum condition for collecting maximum bio-oil yield and its desired composition. The experiments without catalysts reached their optimum yield of 28 wt.% at 550 °C. While the involvement of 5 wt.% of Si- Al catalyst in the reactor resulted in a higher yield than that of without catalyst beyond 550 °C. Furthermore, a high amount of catalyst content at 20 wt.% seems to improve bio-oil yield collection up to 34.10 wt.%. Interestingly, referring to its C atoms number, SPR-based bio-oil by catalytic pyrolysis tended to produce such a considerable amount of gasoline leading to Pertamax, and the one without catalyst produced gasoline leading to Pertalite.","PeriodicalId":424446,"journal":{"name":"THERMOFLUID X: 10th International Conference on Thermofluids 2019","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116925387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. Yohana, N. Sinaga, Haryo Pachusadewo, M. I. Nugraha, M. E. Yulianto, V. Paramita
. One of the tea processing that affects the quality of tea is the drying process. The tea drying process was simulated using CFD software to get temperature distribution of tea also determine the optimal value of velocity and temperature inlet. The tea drying simulation is carried out on cylindrical tea, which has a size of D = 3.5 mm and p = 14 mm by placing tea material on the computational domain of external flow. Tea Drying Simulation uses inlet velocity and inlet temperature variations. Variations in velocity used are 2.5 m/s, 3.5 m/s, and 4.5 m/s, while the temperature variations used are 87°C, 92°C, and 97°C. The flow model used is laminar flow. The results showed to achieve the condition of moisture content of tea particles to 5% (1.5 g) the fastest drying time occurs at velocity of 4.5 m/s with the temperature of 97°C is about 348 seconds, while the slowest drying time occurs at velocity 2.5 m/s with an inlet temperature of 87°C is around 652 seconds.
． 影响茶叶品质的茶叶加工过程之一是干燥过程。利用CFD软件对茶叶的干燥过程进行了模拟，得到了茶叶的温度分布，并确定了最优的速度和温度入口值。将茶叶物料置于外流计算域中，对尺寸为D = 3.5 mm, p = 14 mm的圆柱形茶叶进行干燥模拟。茶叶干燥模拟使用入口速度和入口温度变化。使用的速度变化为2.5 m/s, 3.5 m/s和4.5 m/s，而使用的温度变化为87°C, 92°C和97°C。流动模式为层流。结果表明，当茶叶颗粒含水率达到5% (1.5 g)时，在温度为97℃、速度为4.5 m/s时，干燥时间最快约为348 s;在入口温度为87℃、速度为2.5 m/s时，干燥时间最慢约为652 s。
{"title":"3D simulation on convective drying process for cylindrical tea particle using CFD software to analyze the heat and mass transfer phenomena","authors":"E. Yohana, N. Sinaga, Haryo Pachusadewo, M. I. Nugraha, M. E. Yulianto, V. Paramita","doi":"10.1063/5.0013452","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0013452","url":null,"abstract":". One of the tea processing that affects the quality of tea is the drying process. The tea drying process was simulated using CFD software to get temperature distribution of tea also determine the optimal value of velocity and temperature inlet. The tea drying simulation is carried out on cylindrical tea, which has a size of D = 3.5 mm and p = 14 mm by placing tea material on the computational domain of external flow. Tea Drying Simulation uses inlet velocity and inlet temperature variations. Variations in velocity used are 2.5 m/s, 3.5 m/s, and 4.5 m/s, while the temperature variations used are 87°C, 92°C, and 97°C. The flow model used is laminar flow. The results showed to achieve the condition of moisture content of tea particles to 5% (1.5 g) the fastest drying time occurs at velocity of 4.5 m/s with the temperature of 97°C is about 348 seconds, while the slowest drying time occurs at velocity 2.5 m/s with an inlet temperature of 87°C is around 652 seconds.","PeriodicalId":424446,"journal":{"name":"THERMOFLUID X: 10th International Conference on Thermofluids 2019","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114558201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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