{"title":"Cultural Transmission For a Continuous Trait","authors":"","doi":"10.2307/j.ctvx5wbt8.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvx5wbt8.9","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":424478,"journal":{"name":"Cultural Transmission and Evolution (MPB-16), Volume 16","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128958276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T h e two-phase flow patterns i n a wet gas well p roduc t ion pipe are annular flow and churn flow. Th i s research studied the droplet characteristics and entrained l i q u i d f r a c t i o n as the annular flow pa t t e rn changes to churn flow. Measurements have been per formed i n a ver t ica l flow r i g w i t h a 5Ü m m tube diameter using air and water as the two phases. Drople t size and veloci ty measurements have been per formed in the tube ceritrehne using Phase Doppler Anemomet ry . C jd indr ica l test sections have been inserted i n the tube to allow for the ent ry of the laser beams and for the exi t of the scattered l ight . The presence of the inserted cylinder disturbs the droplet veloci ty bu t does not s ignif icant ly change the mean droplet diameter values. The Sauter mean diameter increases w i t h decreasing gas velocity. The Sauter mean diameter also increases w i t h increasing l i q u i d mass flux fo r the measurements in the co-current annular upf low regime. I n this regime the entrained l i q u i d f r a c t i o n decreases as the gas velocity decreases. The entrained l i qu id f r ac t ion increases as the annular flow pat tern changes to churn flow but decreases again as the gas velocity is f u r t h e r decreased. Fur thermore , increasing the l i q u i d mass flux, the entrained l i qu id f r ac t ion also increases. I t is recommended tha t a newmeasurement window is designed tha t makes traversing i n the tube possible and tha t can measure undis turbed droplet characteristics.
湿气井生产管道内的两相流型为环空流和搅拌流。本文研究了液滴的特性和夹带特性，并对其进行了分析，结果表明，当环空流动由环空流动转变为搅拌流动时，液滴的特性和夹带特性会发生变化。用空气和水作为两相，在管道直径为5Ü m m的情况下进行了测量。利用相位多普勒风速仪在管内进行了液滴大小和速度的测量。在管中插入了C / d / d / d测试段，以允许激光束的进入和散射光的出口。插入圆柱的存在干扰了液滴的速度，但对液滴的平均直径值没有显著的改变。索特平均直径随着气速的减小而增大。在共流环形上升流区测量时，索特平均直径也随着流速的增加而增加。在这种状态下，随着气速的减小，夹带的气体量也随之减小。当环空流型转变为搅拌流时，气体的夹带流量增加，但随着气速的减小，夹带流量再次减少。另外，随着质量通量的增大，流体的夹带量也随之增大。建议设计一个新的测量窗口，使其能够在管中穿过它，并且可以测量未被扰动的液滴特性。
{"title":"List of Symbols","authors":"Roman Symbols","doi":"10.2307/j.ctvx5wbt8.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvx5wbt8.3","url":null,"abstract":"T h e two-phase flow patterns i n a wet gas well p roduc t ion pipe are annular flow and churn flow. Th i s research studied the droplet characteristics and entrained l i q u i d f r a c t i o n as the annular flow pa t t e rn changes to churn flow. Measurements have been per formed i n a ver t ica l flow r i g w i t h a 5Ü m m tube diameter using air and water as the two phases. Drople t size and veloci ty measurements have been per formed in the tube ceritrehne using Phase Doppler Anemomet ry . C jd indr ica l test sections have been inserted i n the tube to allow for the ent ry of the laser beams and for the exi t of the scattered l ight . The presence of the inserted cylinder disturbs the droplet veloci ty bu t does not s ignif icant ly change the mean droplet diameter values. The Sauter mean diameter increases w i t h decreasing gas velocity. The Sauter mean diameter also increases w i t h increasing l i q u i d mass flux fo r the measurements in the co-current annular upf low regime. I n this regime the entrained l i q u i d f r a c t i o n decreases as the gas velocity decreases. The entrained l i qu id f r ac t ion increases as the annular flow pat tern changes to churn flow but decreases again as the gas velocity is f u r t h e r decreased. Fur thermore , increasing the l i q u i d mass flux, the entrained l i qu id f r ac t ion also increases. I t is recommended tha t a newmeasurement window is designed tha t makes traversing i n the tube possible and tha t can measure undis turbed droplet characteristics.","PeriodicalId":424478,"journal":{"name":"Cultural Transmission and Evolution (MPB-16), Volume 16","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134285624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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