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Alexander Srb: A Serbian officer in the Russian service 亚历山大:在俄罗斯服役的塞尔维亚军官
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.5937/vig2301045v
Jaroslav Višnjakov
The paper is devoted to the strokes of the biography of the Serbian Army Colonel A. Srb, which is incorporated into the key events of the political history of Serbia and Russia at the beginning of the 20th century, and he himself was not just a participant in them, but also had some influence on them. A participant in the 1903 Coup and all the vicissitudes of the Serbian politics at the beginning of the 20th century, an active member of the organization "Unification or Death", who arrived in 1916 with Fr. Corfu to Russia to recruit the Serbian Volunteer Corps, became a witness and participant in the difficult events of 1917. The study of his biography, replete with white spots, allows a deeper understanding of the context of the seething political life that took place both in Serbia and Russia.
本文致力于塞尔维亚陆军上校a . Srb传记的笔划,该传记被纳入了20世纪初塞尔维亚和俄罗斯政治史的关键事件,他本人不仅参与了这些事件,而且对这些事件产生了一些影响。他参加了1903年政变和20世纪初塞尔维亚政治的所有变迁,是"统一或死亡"组织的积极成员,1916年随科孚神父来到俄罗斯招募塞尔维亚志愿军,成为1917年困难事件的见证者和参与者。对他的传记的研究,充满了白点,让我们对塞尔维亚和俄罗斯发生的沸腾的政治生活的背景有了更深的理解。
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引用次数: 0
Military flag: The witness of the political turbulence in Serbia in late 19th and early 20th century 军旗:19世纪末20世纪初塞尔维亚政治动荡的见证
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.5937/vig2301151i
Bojana Ilić
In the Military Museum in Belgrade there are two prototypes of military flags. Those flags, according to the regulation of 1904, were never appointed to the Serbian Army. Based on the details on one of the flags, it was determined that the canvas belonged to a flag from the earlier regulation, dating from 1884. It is the canvas of the flag of the 7 th Infantry Regiment called "King Alexander I", which was previously considered destroyed in 1903. Bearing in mind that there are no preserved flags from the period of this regulation, it was concluded that the Military Museum safeguards the only testimony of this flag model, remade in 1904. Flags, made according to the regulation of 1884, were appointed to the Army in 1886, on the Obrenović's holiday "Cveti". The names of the Obrenović Dynasty were inscribed on the canvas, and some of the regiments were named after them. Although they did not take part in the war with Bulgaria in 1885, these flags were presented as war flags in artworks. When the Karadjordjević Dynasty came to power, military flags with names of the Obrenović Dynasty were probably withdrawn or remade, and other flags got new ribbons, with the monogram of the new king. Other elements of the flags were not disputable for the Karadjordjević Dynasty. The regulation on flags was adopted in 1904, but the changes were not drastic, thus it happened that for the creation of a flag prototype, the canvas of the flag from earlier regulation was used. Flags were replaced shortly before the Balkan wars, in 1911. Before that, they had been used for almost seven years under the Obrenović Dynasty, plus eight years under the Karadjordjević Dynasty. Firstly, they were celebrated as the symbols of the Serbian Royal Army, and since 1904 they were a temporary solution until the definition of flag symbols that would have wider mobilization potential. Not crowned with war glory and being witnesses of politically unstable period, their lives after 1911 were not considered a significant testimony of the military history
在贝尔格莱德的军事博物馆里,有两面军旗的原型。根据1904年的条例,这些旗帜从未被任命给塞尔维亚军队。根据其中一面旗帜上的细节,确定这幅画布属于1884年早期规则中的一面旗帜。它是第7步兵团的旗帜帆布,被称为“国王亚历山大一世”,之前被认为在1903年被摧毁。考虑到这一规定期间没有保存下来的旗帜,得出的结论是,军事博物馆保护着这面1904年重新制作的旗帜模型的唯一证据。旗帜,根据1884年的规定,被任命为军队在1886年,在奥夫连诺维奇的节日“Cveti”。奥布伦维茨王朝的名字被刻在画布上,一些军团以他们的名字命名。虽然他们没有参加1885年与保加利亚的战争,但这些旗帜在艺术品中作为战争旗帜出现。当karadjordjeviki王朝掌权时,印有obrenviki王朝名字的军旗可能被撤回或重新制作,而其他旗帜则有新的缎带,上面有新国王的字母组合。旗帜的其他元素对于卡拉乔杰维奇王朝来说是无可争议的。关于旗帜的规定于1904年通过,但变化并不剧烈,因此在创建旗帜原型时,使用了早期规定中的旗帜画布。1911年巴尔干战争前不久,国旗被替换。在此之前,他们在奥布伦维茨王朝的统治下使用了近七年,在卡拉乔杰维奇王朝的统治下使用了八年。首先,它们被视为塞尔维亚皇家军队的象征,自1904年以来,它们是一种临时解决方案,直到国旗符号的定义具有更广泛的动员潜力。由于没有战争的荣耀和政治动荡时期的见证者,他们在1911年后的生活并没有被认为是军事史的重要见证
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引用次数: 0
The proposal of a peacetime organization of the Yugoslav military intelligence from April 1945 1945年4月起南斯拉夫军事情报机构和平时期组织的建议
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.5937/vig2301133z
A. Životić
(Summary) n the last days of the Second World War, in the moments when the final operations for the liberation of Yugoslavia were coming to an end, and the outlines of the future Cold War and post-war alliances were becoming clearer, the need to establish a peacetime armed force was imposed in front of the Yugoslav General Staff. An important segment in the establishment of the future armed forces was the organization and work methods of the military intelligence service. Previous war experiences, mostly based on the legacy of guerrilla military operations conducted by the partisan movement during the liberation and civil wars, could only be partially used in the process of peacetime formation of the military intelligence service. That is why it was necessary to create a new model that involved relying on national experiences, primarily the intelligence services of the Army of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia in the period immediately preceding the outbreak of the Second World War and the experience of the allied armies, especially the Soviet Red Army in the war conflict that was coming to an end. The study on the organization of the post-war military intelligence service with emphasis on the organization, scope of work and personnel of the Intelligence Department of the General Staff of the Yugoslav Army was prepared by Colonel Frane Biočić. Colonel Biočić's report contained the burden of the ideological and geopolitical environment in which it was written. Written near the end of the war in the conditions of the absolute triumph of the partisan movement under the leadership of the communists over the occupying, Quisling and rival anti-fascist forces in the liberation and civil war, it contained the undisguised glorification of the partisan war heritage, as well as the negation of the value of the experiences of the pre-war Yugoslav intelligence service, whose professional value was not only denied, but was already declared absolutely unusable due to open accusations against the professionalism and patriotism of its officers and associates. On the other hand, absolutely in accordance with the policy of close wartime alliance with the Red Army and projected post-war cooperation, harmonization with the Soviet intelligence model was forced, reliance on the Soviet war experiences, the Soviet assistance in training and education of intelligence personnel was requested, and close cooperation along military intelligence lines was planned between the Yugoslav and Soviet General Staff.
(摘要)在第二次世界大战的最后几天,在解放南斯拉夫的最后行动即将结束,未来冷战和战后联盟的轮廓日益清晰的时刻,建立一支和平时期武装部队的必要性被摆在南斯拉夫总参谋部面前。建立未来武装力量的一个重要环节是军事情报机构的组织和工作方法。以往的战争经验,大多是基于解放战争和内战期间游击队运动进行的游击军事行动的遗产,只能部分用于和平时期军事情报部门的形成过程。因此,必须建立一种新的模式,依靠各国的经验,主要是南斯拉夫王国军队在第二次世界大战爆发前的情报部门的经验和盟国军队的经验,特别是苏联红军在即将结束的战争冲突中的经验。弗朗内·比奥伊茨上校编写了一份关于战后军事情报部门组织的研究报告,重点是南斯拉夫陆军总参谋部情报部门的组织、工作范围和人员。比奥伊奇上校的报告包含了撰写报告时所处的意识形态和地缘政治环境的负担。在战争即将结束时,在共产党领导下的游击队运动在解放和内战中对占领者、吉斯林和反法西斯敌对势力取得了绝对胜利的情况下,它写了一篇文章,其中包含了对游击队战争遗产的毫不掩饰的美化,以及对战前南斯拉夫情报机构经验价值的否定,其专业价值不仅被否认,但是已经被宣布完全不能使用了因为公开指控其官员和同事的专业精神和爱国主义。另一方面,完全按照战时与红军密切结盟和战后合作计划的政策,被迫与苏联情报模式协调一致,依靠苏联的战争经验,要求苏联协助训练和教育情报人员,并计划在南斯拉夫和苏联总参谋部之间进行军事情报方面的密切合作。
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引用次数: 0
The dispersion of radio propaganda in the territory of the occupied Serbia in the second World War 第二次世界大战期间在被占领的塞尔维亚领土上散布的无线电宣传
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.5937/vig2301062m
Marijana Mraović
The paper reconstructs the actions of the Serbian Government of National Salvation in the field of the organization of the propaganda in the occupied Serbia during WWII. The occupation authorities intended to achieve the tightly controlled management of the national authorities' propaganda through the Serbian Propaganda Department of the Ministerial Council Presidency. The Government of National Salvation made a great effort in the field of supervising publications, film screenings and radiophonic shows. The main points of activity of national authorities in the field of radio propaganda were subordinated to German interests. The concept of radio propaganda was analyzed, as well as the German organization of the propaganda censorship apparatus and its influence on the work of the Serbian Propaganda Department in the field of radio propaganda. The content of the radio program and the activities of Radio Belgrade under German occupation were analyzed together with the example of the activities of the collaborationist authorities in the field of radio propaganda.
本文对二战期间塞尔维亚救国政府在被占塞尔维亚组织宣传方面的行动进行了重构。占领当局打算通过部长理事会主席的塞尔维亚宣传部对国家当局的宣传实行严格控制。救国政府在监督出版物、电影放映和广播节目方面作出了巨大努力。国家当局在无线电宣传领域的主要活动要点服从于德国的利益。分析了无线电宣传的概念,以及德国组织的宣传审查机构及其对塞尔维亚宣传部在无线电宣传领域的工作的影响。对广播节目的内容和贝尔格莱德广播电台在德国占领下的活动进行了分析,并举例说明了民族主义当局在广播宣传领域的活动。
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引用次数: 0
Nadežda Petrović in the Prizren and Valjevo war military hospital: Searching for the time and place of origin of two museum objects Nadežda彼得罗维奇在普里兹伦和瓦尔耶沃战争军事医院:寻找两个博物馆物品的起源时间和地点
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.5937/vig2301176k
Vladimir Krivošejev
One of the symbols of the suffering of Valjevo and Serbia in the great typhus epidemic from the first half of 1915 is the famous Serbian painter Nadežda Petrović. As a volunteer nurse, looking after the sick, she herself succumbed to this dangerous disease. In addition to various historical texts, two visual documents are related to Nadežda's stay in Valjevo: a photograph, in which Nadežda, with a group of doctors, stands in front of the hospital building, and an art painting that Nadežda painted, but did not write the name or year of origin. It was considered to be her last work of art and that is why it was later, after the place and year of the painter's death, named Valjevo Hospital in 1915. New historical sources and additional analyses have indicated that the mentioned photograph was certainly not taken in Valjevo in 1915, during the First World War, but during the First Balkan War, in Prizren in 1913. This knowledge opened the possibility that the famous art painting was not painted in Valjevo, but in Prizren. Among other facts, this possibility is indicated by the fact that the hospital where Nadežda worked and died in 1915 was located in the barracks, and the picture shows hospital tents, as Nadežda mentioned in one of her letters written in Prizren in 1913.
在1915年上半年爆发的斑疹伤寒大流行中,瓦尔耶沃和塞尔维亚所遭受的苦难的象征之一是著名的塞尔维亚画家Nadežda彼得罗维奇。作为一名照顾病人的志愿护士,她自己也死于这种危险的疾病。除了各种历史文献外,还有两份与Nadežda在Valjevo逗留有关的视觉文件:一张照片,Nadežda与一群医生站在医院大楼前,还有一幅艺术画,Nadežda画了,但没有写名字或创作年份。这被认为是她最后的艺术作品,这就是为什么后来在画家去世的地点和年份之后,于1915年将其命名为瓦尔耶沃医院。新的历史资料和进一步的分析表明,上述照片肯定不是在1915年第一次世界大战期间在瓦尔耶沃拍摄的,而是在1913年第一次巴尔干战争期间在普里兹伦拍摄的。这一发现开启了一种可能性,即这幅著名的艺术画作不是在瓦尔耶沃画的,而是在普里兹伦画的。除其他事实外,这种可能性可以从以下事实得到证明:Nadežda工作并于1915年死亡的医院位于营房内,图片显示的是医院帐篷,正如Nadežda在1913年写于普里兹伦的一封信中提到的那样。
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引用次数: 0
The beginnings of language teaching at the Military Academy in Belgrade 贝尔格莱德军事学院开始语言教学
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.5937/vig2301029a
Ivan Andrijašević, Vesna Krainčanić, Marijana Buljugić
The subject of this research is the beginnings of language teaching at the Military Academy (Artillery School) in Belgrade, in the period from its establishment in 1850 to a few years after the end of World War I, i.e. until 1924, when reliable data and archival material date back, based mainly on the Memorial of the seventy-fifth anniversary of the Military Academy. The importance of foreign language knowledge was manifold. In addition to a significant role in teaching professional subjects, given that the teaching process was, to a great extent, carried out according to translation of foreign textbooks, foreign languages also played a significant role in the development of the Serbian military doctrine, as well as the fact that there was a great influence of neighboring countries in the educational field of the military training. Also, cadets who were sent for education abroad were obliged to know the language of the country they were sent to. For enrollment, first in the Artillery School, and then in the Lower and Higher School of the Military Academy, the knowledge of French or German was mandatory. French was the first to be introduced into the curriculum, followed by German, while Russian, Italian and Turkish were introduced later. Throughout certain periods, Serbian was also taught as a subject. Due to insufficient data, as well as a lack of archival materials, the period after World War I has not been sufficiently studied in the military education historiography, which is why this paper is limited to the period from the establishment of the Military Academy to a few years after the end of World War I and the formation of a new state, the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes.
本研究的主题是贝尔格莱德军事学院(炮兵学校)语言教学的开端,从1850年成立到第一次世界大战结束后的几年,即直到1924年,当可靠的数据和档案材料可以追溯到,主要基于军事学院75周年纪念。外语知识的重要性是多方面的。鉴于教学过程在很大程度上是根据外国教科书的翻译进行的,外语除了在专业科目的教学中发挥重要作用外,在塞尔维亚军事学说的发展中也发挥了重要作用,而且邻国在军事训练教育领域也有很大的影响。此外,被送往国外接受教育的学员有义务了解他们被送往的国家的语言。入学时,首先是炮兵学校,然后是军事学院的低级和高级学校,法语或德语是强制性的。法语首先被引入课程,随后是德语,随后是俄语、意大利语和土耳其语。在某些时期,塞尔维亚语也被作为一门学科来教授。由于资料不足以及档案资料的缺乏,军事教育史学对一战后时期的研究还不够充分,因此本文的研究范围仅限于从军事学院成立到第一次世界大战结束后的几年,即塞尔维亚、克罗地亚和斯洛文尼亚三国王国成立的时期。
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引用次数: 0
A simultaneous study of the Yugoslav and Belgian status under the patronage of Great Britain during the Second World War 第二次世界大战期间在英国庇护下的南斯拉夫和比利时地位的同时研究
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.5937/vig2301089s
Nikola Stanković
The study of the Yugoslav-Belgian relations during the Second World War aims to present the position of two de-estated emigrant apparatuses under the auspices of the British diplomacy through a comparative analysis, starting from short-term war operations and the evacuation of two structures abroad, the issue of gold reserves and the royal issue, to the political, military and material aspect of the given relations in the later war period. The parallel consideration of the Yugoslav and Belgian experience in dealing with the interests of the United Kingdom tends to demystify the stereotypes already established regarding the international position of the Yugoslav Government in exile.
第二次世界大战期间南斯拉夫-比利时关系的研究,旨在通过比较分析,从短期战争行动和两个海外机构的撤离,黄金储备问题和王室问题,到战争后期特定关系的政治,军事和物质方面,呈现两个被剥夺的移民机构在英国外交的支持下的地位。同时考虑南斯拉夫和比利时在处理联合王国的利益方面的经验,往往会消除对南斯拉夫流亡政府的国际立场已经形成的成见。
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引用次数: 0
The judgments passed by the Military Court NOV in the southeastern Srem in 1944 1944年东南方军事法庭的判决书
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.5937/vig2301113a
Snežana Aleksić
The paper publishes archival material - verdicts of the Military Court of the People's Liberation Army, which operated in the area of southeastern Srem in 1944. The verdicts were handed down in criminal proceedings against eighteen Serbs, natives of Srem, who were accused of collaborating with the "Chetnik movement of Draža Mihailović". The documents are stored in the Historical Archive of Belgrade. They have not been originally published until now, and therefore, their content brings new light to contemporary historiography, which dispels the prevailing opinion that Eastern Srem was strongly partisan. At the same time, the content of the original archival material opens up a dilemma in the field of legal science: were the decisions of the Military Court justifed and fair? The objective of the paper is to deepen knowledge from the history of the development of military justice, as well as knowledge regarding specific events during 1944 in the part of the occupied Kingdom of Yugoslavia - southeastern Srem
该报纸刊登了档案材料——1944年在新疆东南部地区开展行动的中国人民解放军军事法庭的判决书。在刑事诉讼中对18名斯雷姆当地人塞尔维亚人作出了判决,他们被指控与“Draža米哈伊洛维奇的切特尼克运动”勾结。这些文件保存在贝尔格莱德历史档案馆。直到现在,这些书还没有正式出版,因此,它们的内容给当代史学带来了新的曙光,从而消除了“东方史林是强烈的党派性”的普遍看法。与此同时,原始档案材料的内容在法学领域引发了一个困境:军事法院的判决是否正当和公平?本文的目的是加深对军事司法发展史的了解,以及对1944年被占领的南斯拉夫王国-斯雷姆东南部部分具体事件的了解
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引用次数: 0
The Ottoman military organization in the province: The case study of the Vučitrn Sanjak in 1544/5 奥斯曼在该省的军事组织:1544/5年vu<e:1> itrn Sanjak的案例研究
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.5937/vig2301009s
Stefan Šipka
The paper provides an overview of the Ottoman military organization in the province using the example of the Vučitrn Sanjak. The data presented in the paper are the result of the analysis of the detailed tax register (müfassal defteri) of the Vučitrn Sanjak from 1544/5. Special emphasis has been put on the timar cavalry and the structure of the timar system, in order to determine the approximate military potential available to the Vučitrn Sanjakbey. Furthermore, the local military and auxiliary units that were an integral part of the Ottoman military system in the province are presented.
本文以vu itrn Sanjak为例,概述了奥斯曼帝国在该省的军事组织。本文中提供的数据是对1544/5年vu itrn Sanjak的详细税务登记册(m fassal defteri)进行分析的结果。特别强调的是提玛骑兵和提玛系统的结构,以便确定vu itrn Sanjakbey的大致军事潜力。此外,还介绍了作为该省奥斯曼军事系统组成部分的地方军队和辅助部队。
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引用次数: 0
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Vojno-istorijski glasnik
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