Japan Architectural Review最新文献

This study explores the pre- and post-renovation differences in communication behaviors of office workers at a construction company's research facility that had carried out renovations to promote open innovation through internal and external interactions. We conducted an analysis by combining both objective survey of conversation time, conversation partners, and stay location information using sensing terminals and subjective evaluations by office workers using a questionnaire survey. As the work style transitioned from fixed seats pre-renovation to activity-based working post-renovation, the attendance rate analysis around each worker's personal workspace throughout the measurement period decreased from 74% to 60%, and the tendency to use various places in the office increased. Additionally, the number of conversation partners increased by 1.9 times on average and inter-department conversation rate increased from 46% to 53% when activity-based working was performed post-renovation. However, while the introduction of activity-based working significantly increased the level of communication satisfaction among workers in other departments, it tended to decrease the level of communication satisfaction within a department. This study maintains that organizational and operational efforts must sustain and promote intra-departmental communication when activity-based working is introduced and confirms that the introduction of activity-based working was effective in promoting interaction between office workers.

A new processing method of ground acceleration data is proposed for the fast and accurate evaluation of the maximum seismic structural responses. The proposed method consists of a trimming method and a down-sampling method. The proposed trimming method is based on ground acceleration power and contains compensation procedures for the trimmed ground acceleration. The proposed down-sampling method effectively uses FIR filter, whose weight coefficients are derived from the correspondence between the responses under a triangular wave and the equivalent impulse input. It is demonstrated through numerical examples for response spectrums and a full-scale high-rise building model that the proposed method enables fast and accurate evaluation of the maximum seismic structural responses.

A continuous beam-type connection has been proposed as a new type of concrete-filled steel tubular beam-to-column connection without a diaphragm exhibits good seismic performance. However, in a 2-way configuration, the performance of the connection in a direction orthogonal to the continuous beam may be suboptimal due to beam splitting. In this study, a new detail of a split orthogonal beam joint was proposed and 4 specimens were constructed and tested under quasi-static conditions. All the specimens attained the full-plastic flexural strength for the beams and exhibited a stable inelastic behavior. The specimen in which the depth of the orthogonal continuous beam was 100 mm greater than that of the split beam exhibited good inelastic cyclic behavior, whereas two other specimens with a split beam exhibited slipping and pinching. Minor fractures were observed in the tube wall; however, the strength and stiffness did not deteriorate significantly, though a slight pinched hysteresis was observed. In addition, a finite element analysis was conducted. The split beam was largely rotationally constrained by the bearing pressure of the concrete above and/or below the beam flange. If the split beam's flange was sufficiently inserted into the connection panel, the stiffness and strength were ensured.

This study investigated how disaster case management (DCM) and disaster public housing reconstruction influence housing recovery using 4 open-data sources. The trends in the number of households under designated temporary housing in Sendai and 18 other cities in Miyagi Prefecture were analyzed. The results revealed that both DCM and the reconstruction of public housing for disaster recovery promote housing restoration from temporary housing. Finally, Mary Richmond's discussion of wholesale and retail methods was used to elucidate policy implications for disaster victim support.

Causal hysteretic damping, extended Rayleigh damping, and uniform damping models exhibit frequency-independent damping ratios over a wide frequency range. However, several points remain unclear regarding their applicability to inelastic problems. Therefore, in this study, to compare the vibration characteristics of these damping models, analyses are performed by inputting white noise into simple models with various natural frequencies. Results confirm that these damping models are frequency-independent even under inelastic conditions. Further, the causal hysteretic and extended Rayleigh damping models have the same computation order as that of conventional Rayleigh damping and can therefore be calculated in approximately the same time.

As urban public spaces evolve to accommodate human activities, there arises a pressing need for effective methodologies to understand public life within these environments. This pilot study assesses the accuracy of the Real-Time Kinematic Global Navigation Satellite System (RTK GNSS) in the Toyohashi South Side Station Square, aiming to validate its utility as a privacy-sensitive tool for studying public life, particularly in tracking movable chairs in urban settings. The findings indicate that RTK GNSS exhibits sufficient accuracy in recording the positions of movable chairs, thus facilitating public life studies. Given the variability of GNSS accuracy across environments, we propose the Silhouette Index as a metric for evaluating GNSS suitability across different scales. A Silhouette Index exceeding 0.9 signifies highly accurate data, suitable for comprehending the spatial arrangement and utilization of movable chairs in compact urban spaces. Conversely, an index below 0.8 indicates insufficient accuracy for this purpose. Nevertheless, RTK GNSS, akin to GPS, offers diverse applications in urban research. It can aid in analyzing pedestrian flows in city centers or expansive parks, as well as elucidating spatial behavioral patterns among distinct demographic groups in large-scale urban public spaces.

In his book Gaibu kūkan no kōsei (Exterior Space in Architecture), Yoshinobu Ashihara criticized modern architecture and urban planning and searched for ways to realize plazas suitable for humans. This study analyzes how Ashihara designed the Komazawa Park Gymnasium, a wrestling venue for the 1964 Tokyo Olympics, and the Central Plaza. It focuses on the distinctive hyperbolic paraboloid shells of Komazawa Park Gymnasium. Concurrently, this study evaluates Ashihara's uniqueness as an architect while comparing the Komazawa Central Plaza with Hiroshima Peace Memorial Park, designed by Kenzo Tange.

Takamatsu House for the newspaper Shizuoka Shimbun was to be a corporate residence consisting of family and single apartments. The premises are a stone's throw from Totoiseki. The planning for the project took place between 1955 and 1956. The Tange Laboratory was in charge of the design. However, the project was never realized due to the inability to resolve technical issues. This study will clarify the design process for Takamatsu House at that time, and while doing so, we will consider the influence of the public housing standard design, the relationship with the 1960 plan for Tokyo.

We improved a method to support more general and rational reorganization planning, demonstrating its practicality through application to Kobe municipal housing complexes. We initially developed a cost-effective algorithm using depth-first search, enabling the consideration of a larger pool of dwelling units and houses for reorganization. We then ensured the algorithm accounts for practical constraints by grouping sale sites together and considering proximity to roads, thereby deriving more viable combinations. Furthermore, we clarified the break-even point for the reorganization projects, allowing for an assessment of project feasibility from a profitability standpoint.

This study introduces an approach for probabilistic seismic performance estimation, which focuses on the probability of intensity measures exceeding a specified value based on engineering demand parameters. Conventional methods face challenges owing to the increase in computational costs associated with the uncertainties in earthquake scenarios. To address this, we use high-fidelity (HF) and low-fidelity (LF) model data to develop a multilevel hierarchy of surrogate models, which improves the simulation-based probabilistic estimation. However, designing a reliable LF model and ensuring the accuracy of the surrogate model hierarchy remains challenging. Herein, we present a multi-fidelity Monte Carlo (MFMC) predictor combined with a conventional surrogate model to improve probabilistic seismic performance estimation, thereby leveraging LF model efficiency and HF data accuracy for unbiased results. We addressed the challenge of constructing a suitable LF model by using a surrogate model trained from limited HF data. The MFMC predictor improves the accuracy of probabilistic analysis than the surrogate models trained from limited HF data. Further, the automatic relevance determination method is introduced to select the most appropriate inputs for the surrogate model. A case study featuring a special moment-resistant frame, subject to uncertainties from both ground motion and structural properties, illustrates the efficiency of the method. A LF model is developed using the Kriging method, followed by the construction of the MFMC predictor for probabilistic analysis, thereby leveraging both limited HF and numerous LF data. Comparing the exceedance probability curves obtained from the MFMC predictor with those from direct Monte Carlo simulations and conventional Kriging showed that our proposed method offers a promising tool for probabilistic seismic performance estimation under uncertainty.