Japan Architectural Review最新文献

We analyzed the mechanism of urban food desert expansion based on data at the block level. According to the food demand curve, elasticity was high, and the nutritional food dietary decreased as store prices increased. The store prices within 500 m of the redevelopment site would tend to increase because luxury supermarkets would dominate, while over 500 m they would often tend to decrease because new non-luxury supermarkets would compete for opening. There are two types of blocks with a high risk of food desert: A block surrounded by multiple redevelopments or a block whose store price has gone up considerably.

In this study, a thermally activated building system (TABS) installed on the exterior wall as the pipe-embedded wall (PEW) system in a school building was investigated. The basic performance of the PEW system utilizing well water cascade is verified by unsteady CFD analysis and field measurements. Moreover, in order to improve the utilization efficiency of the thermal potential from well water, the MPC-based optimal control method with the PEW system to maximize the heat extraction is proposed and verified by unsteady CFD analysis. The analysis results showed that: (1) The PEW system can reduce the peak load from the exterior wall facing different directions at different times. In addition, the PEW system has the effect of stabilizing the indoor thermal environment. (2) The proposed optimal operation strategy improves the energy efficiency, extracting up to 30% more heat and reducing the total heat transmission, which significantly develops the operation efficiency of the PEW system.

Text descriptions of buildings using onomatopoeic words are a form of communication frequently used by Japanese architects to express their design intent. The onomatopoeic word describes a building vividly and sensually as if it has life and expresses connotative architectural meanings imbued through building posture and gestures, as depicted by the architect. This paper investigates the materiality of architecture through a text analysis of onomatopoeic expressions used to describe architectural works in the Japanese architecture magazine Shinkenchiku (新建築), identifies 24 aspects of architectural materiality reflected in the onomatopoeia used by architects, and typifies their views of architecture as a physical object.

The collection of Kyoto Institute of Technology features numerous sketches and drawings scanning wide variety of exterior compositions of the cathedral. Togo Murano recalled that receiving the understanding and approval of the Fathers was challenging. This study analyzes the creative evolution of the cathedral's exterior form until the conclusion of the schematic design in November 1948. The proposed analytical method was applied to completely undated sketches and drawings to reveal the architect's morphological creation. Furthermore, it revealed the development of diverse types in an extremely short period, as well as the architect's design thinking and strategy in this phase.

Yoshihara J, Yamanaka T, Kobayashi T, Choi N, Kobayashi N. Performance of combination of local exhaust system and floor-supply displacement ventilation system as prevention measure of infection in consulting room. Jpn Archit Rev. 2023;6: e12413. https://doi.org/10.1002/2475-8876.12413

This paper was originally written as an “original paper,” and its classification as a “review paper” is incorrect. Since it was reviewed and accepted as an “original paper” for peer review, this paper should have been classified as an “original paper.”

We apologize for this error.

The 2021 M_W 7.1 Fukushima-ken Oki earthquake was the largest down-dip compressional intraslab earthquake since August 2016, which is when S-net records from the seafloor started to be provided. In this study, the empirical Green's function method was used with strong-motion records from S-net on the seafloor and KiK-net onshore to estimate the broadband (0.2–10 Hz) source model of this earthquake. Three strong-motion generation areas (SMGAs) with very high stress drops were estimated around the edge of the fault. One SMGA with a stress drop of 125 MPa was located in the oceanic crust in the shallow part of the Pacific Plate. The other two SMGAs with stress drops of 313 and 188 MPa were located in the deep part where previous source models without S-net estimated a small slip. The two deep SMGAs increased the contribution of S-net to more than that of KiK-net. The short-period spectral level was as high as that of the 2011 M_W 7.1 Miyagi-ken Oki earthquake, which was also a down-dip compressional intraslab earthquake. The estimated broadband source model simulated the horizontal and vertical motions well at stations within 200 km of the hypocenter, except for surface waves at a few S-net stations.

In recent years, scholarly attention has shifted within urban informality research from informal settlements to the appropriation of public spaces in formal urban settings. Overflow, a common research subject within this context, has drawn particular interest. This study investigates overflow dynamics in a representative district of Hong Kong, utilizing the overflow rate as a measure of the extent to which overflow occurs. Three-dimensional (3D) scanning technology was applied to collect spatial data from back alleys. Multiple linear regression analyses were conducted to identify the spatial characteristics of back alleys that influence overflow rates. The results revealed that back alleys with a flatter spatial interface, more overhead shelter, greater numbers of alley-shops, and shorter overall length corresponded to a higher number of overflow occurrences. Two novel findings emerged: First, a negative correlation between spatial interface unevenness and overflow rates, and second, differential impacts of the shop density and number of alley-shops on overflow rates. These findings may serve as a valuable reference for governmental policy formulation regarding overflow management and may offer architects workable insights for designing back alleys and street spaces conducive to public use.

WFH-related issues regarding house planning, spatial arrangements, and relationships among cohabitants for sharing spaces remain to be clarified. This research aimed to clarify the usage patterns of shared spaces for work-from-home (WFH) and the respective behavioral patterns in different household compositions, targeting women in the child-rearing stage and residing with family in residential building estates in urban areas. Forty-four percent (n = 199) of women performing childcare who regularly telecommuted had a spouse or partner who also telecommuted, and 65.6% (n = 328) had a child at home while telecommuting. Male spouses or partners (male) did less than half of the housework (12.7%) and childcare (19.8%) than women (41.0% housework, 34.4% childcare). Women primarily used dining rooms for office work (n = 221; 44.2%). When the children were at home during telecommuting, the unclear distinction between work and home was not a deficiency but rather an inevitable acceptance, and a tendency to work in a corner overlooking the common area was observed. When both spouses telecommute without children, men work in their bedrooms or private rooms, whereas women work in common areas, such as the dining room. Simultaneously, women tended to seek spaces dedicated to their work and keep their workspaces separate from common area.

The study aims to discover the formation, functions, typology, and development process of the Gozar system in the Herat Old City in Afghanistan. Traditional local administrative units, or Gozar, consist of residential areas, facilities, and functions performed by their residents. The paper examines the physical characteristics of the Gozar as well as its social functions. The boundaries of Gozar were plotted, urban types classified, and a typology of Gozar, explained by age, was developed. Even though Gozar's physical situation has dramatically changed, the three main functions, political, social, and environmental, have mostly stayed the same.

In this inquiry, the author intends to investigate the evolving methodologies in the management of preserved removed parts within the scope of Japanese architectural cultural properties, as recognized by the national government. Central to this examination is a focus on the selection criteria stipulated in the official preservation guidelines. This exploration involves a comprehensive analysis structured in three phases: firstly, scrutinizing the modifications in selection criteria as delineated in the guidelines governing repair projects; secondly, compiling and categorizing additional designated preserved removed parts recognized as cultural properties into six distinct types; and thirdly, identifying the inaugural instances of such preserved components or the initial reports pertaining to repair projects. Through this multifaceted research approach, the study endeavors to elucidate the evolving methodologies in the management of preserved removed parts in the realm of Japanese architectural cultural properties.