Japan Architectural Review最新文献

This review paper treats critical excitation methods and discusses the possibility of a paradigm shift in nonlinear structural dynamics for building structures with hysteresis using input model transformation without structural model transformation. Long-term key issues in the earthquake-resistant design of building structures are combats with resonance and damping. Nonlinear resonance problems are reformulated as critical excitation problems for elastic–plastic structures under a simple impulse sequence. The double impulse (DI) with two impulses of opposite directions is introduced as a simple representative model of near-fault pulse-type ground motions. The interval of such impulses is treated as a parameter to derive the critical input. Another critical excitation problem is considered for elastic–plastic building structures under the multi impulse (MI) representing long-period, long-duration ground motions. These critical excitation problems are solved by using an energy balance approach between the kinetic energy and the strain-dissipated energy. It is pointed out that this paradigm shift enables a smart capture of nonlinear resonance in structural dynamics, which has been thought to need intrinsic repetition of numerical computation. It is also found that this paradigm shift fills a gap between two historical hypotheses (constant energy criterion, constant displacement criterion) in the earthquake-resistant design of building structures.

This data paper presents data obtained from E-Defense shake-table tests of a full-scale, steel moment-resisting frame (MRF) supplemented with Spines. Herein, the Spines were pin-based columns with sufficient stiffness and strength to distribute plastic deformation evenly over the height of the MRF. The specimen was tested under two configurations: first, with the Spine rigidly connected to the MRF; second, with the Spine connected to the MRF through force-limiting connections (FLCs). Each specimen configuration underwent earthquake simulations using ground motions with two scale factors. The tests demonstrated the expected benefits of Spines as well as the disadvantage of inducing large floor accelerations in the structure and large shear forces in the Spines. The tests also demonstrated how the FLCs can mitigate these disadvantages. This data paper reports an overview of the tests, data archive structure, and potential use of the data. The data can be used, for example, to reproduce the observations presented by the authors, to compare the dynamic response of the specimen with building specimens tested in other shake-table test programs, to validate numerical models against the measured specimen response, or to formulate classroom exercises on system identification of linear and nonlinear systems.

Curved origami attracts the attention of designers in recent years for the potential in the field of building structures for free form curved design. For practical use, the design methods are required to link the mathematically obtained curved surface and the requirements of architectural functions. Therefore, in this paper, we propose a method to solve the shape determination problem from predefined developable surfaces described by initial rulings. The initial rulings can be conical or cylindrical surfaces. By means of inputting the ruling lengths, the 3D configuration of the origami model can be obtained. To decrease the number of unknowns, the ruling lengths are mapped by control points of Non-Uniform Rational B-Spline (NURBS) techniques. The numerical example demonstrates the feasibility of finding curved origami with both dome-like and saddle-shaped surfaces and tubular models. This research focuses on the application to architectural engineering, aiming to determine the shape of curved origami using bending deformation to explore the possibility of applying curved origami to building structures.

In order to measure external approaching wind velocity and direction for controlling natural ventilation (NV), anemometers are often installed at the roof top of mid- to high-rise buildings. However, due to the complex flow field around roof top caused by separation flow, the accuracy of the measurement is not well-known. The final goal of this research is to propose an advanced method for controlling NV operation. By conducting PIV and CFD, the results of the accuracy of estimation of external wind direction and velocity at measuring points based on the data regarding horizontal distribution are shown in this paper.

The field survey on indoor thermal environment was conducted in real-life 22 houses occupied by 29 middle-aged men and women in the suburbs of Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. 18 had air conditioners (AC) in the master bedroom, and 4 had natural ventilation (NV), though all homes had ceiling or standing fans. During nighttime sleeping hours, the average air temperature (Ta) in the participants' bedrooms ranged from 22.6°C to 32.2°C, with relative humidity (Rh) varying between 32% and 80% and airflow between 0.1 and 1.3 m/s. Based on the ET* values, the participants were divided into three groups (A, 20.9°C–24.9°C ET*; B, 25.0°C–27.9°C ET*; and C, 28.0°C–32.5°C ET*), and sleep variables were then compared among the three groups. Group B had the shortest time to fall asleep, whereas group C had the longest awakening time during sleep. The sleep efficiency index (SEI) revealed that sleep quality in group C was inferior to that in group A. No differences were observed in subjective sleep sensations and thermal comfort among the groups, except for humidity sensation. This study demonstrates the importance of using activity meters to measure objective sleep variables in daily life.

This study aimed to clarify how much the presence and use of greenery in the living environment affects perceived health compared to individuals' characteristics and the status of health, activity, and social participation. The research employed a stochastic choice model with a discrete dependent variable, and an ordinal logit model with self-rated health as the objective variable. The marginal probability effects at means of personal characteristics, perceived health, activity, and social participation status, and green presence and use utility were calculated to clarify the relationship between the two.

Many earthquake memorial parks were established in Japan following the Great East Japan Earthquake of 2011 (an earthquake and tsunami). The parks are intended as spaces for commemorating the disaster victims and disseminating information regarding the disaster. The parks are also expected to play a role in supporting local communities. Therefore, it is essential to manage these parks with the local residents' understanding and cooperation. This paper clarifies the relationship between local residents' perceptions of earthquake memorial parks and their willingness to participate in managing and using them. A survey was conducted targeting residents of eight municipalities in the Miyagi Prefecture where earthquake memorial parks are located. Respondents were surveyed regarding their willingness to use the parks and participate in their management, experiences of the disaster, experiences communicating about the disaster, familiarity with earthquake memorial parks, and perception of the parks' relevance. The results indicated that 27% of respondents had a desire to use a park on a daily basis, and 15% were willing to participate in their management. The responses indicated a sense of familiarity with these parks and the parks' personal importance for the respondents; these factors were associated with a willingness to participate in park management.

This paper aims to clarify the concept of the “Selection, Tradition, Creation” Exhibition (1941) by the French furniture decorator and architect Charlotte Perriand (1903–1999), to analyze her interpretation of Japanese “folklore” during her one-year stay in Japan to teach export crafts. Perriand's works (mainly tables, chairs and carpets) exhibited were directly influenced by Japanese folk crafts. However, almost all of them were variations on the prototypes of forms Perriand had developed in France. In other words, Perriand made a shift in materials and techniques (bamboo, straw materials and weaving techniques), a reduction in the size of furniture (a reference to traditional Japanese lifestyle) and a transfer of patterns (Japanese symbolic signs) in order to interpretate the Japanese “folklore” discovered by the modern Japanese through their own forms. It was both a way of understanding Japan and a reflection on her own design methods.

As condominiums in Japan increase (6 859 000 units, 2021), the stock of older condominiums built more than 40 years ago is also growing. Older condominiums face various challenges, such as aging buildings and residents, but knowledge regarding their effective management is lacking. Condominium management association corporations (CMAC) are actively engaged in their management; thus, clarifying their situation would be helpful. We investigated the challenges faced by older condominiums and the role of facility management by surveying CMACs in Kinki prefectures. Condominiums managed by CMACs were older, larger, and more actively managed than those managed by general management associations. The percentages of elderly residents (r = 0.48), rental units (r = 0.41), and vacant units (r = 0.35) were all positively correlated with the buildings' age. We found no significant differences in property-specific conditions but significant differences in the percentages of rental units, vacant units, and number of facilities installed, which suggests the role of management for older condominiums. (155 words).

In modern imperial funerals, temporary buildings were built and granted to various organizations to be converted to buildings for other uses. To examine the commemorative nature of architecture from the modern emperor system's perspective, this study analyzes ceremonial buildings of four modern imperial funerals before World War II and clarifies their granting and conversion, focusing on Sōjōden, a temporary building for laying a coffin. It was found that the buildings were granted to local public bodies and charitable institutions, and the central area of grant was moved from Kyoto to Tokyo. Moreover, the granting and conversion were connected to the concept of holiness and impurity, the positioning of the institutions enshrining the Emperor and Empress Dowager, building relationships with the Imperial House, and the condition of commemoration in the converted buildings.