Pub Date : 2024-07-01DOI: 10.17491/jgsi/2024/173945
Manefouet Kentsa Bertille Ilalie, K. Véronique, Wouatong Armand, Valentine Katte
The main objective of this work is to make a comparative assessment of the mineralogy on weathering profiles resulting from the alteration of the different rocks in an equatorial microclimate of altitude. This was carried out in the lower flank of the southern slope of the Bambouto Mountains. Mineralogical analysis and normative restructuring have given very interesting results on the profiles, between the basement rocks and the surface/cover rocks. Given that the alteration pathways of the basement rocks are different, they are similar within the zone of containment and potential leaching. Meanwhile, the cover rocks vary from one domain to another: virtual weathering, potential confinement, potential and virtual weathering, and induration. The alterological activity is very intense in the profile on trachybasalt. The predominant weathering processes in all cases are allitization and monosialitization, which are marked by a singular phenomenon of ferrolysis. The characteristic minerals of this profile are kaolinite and diopside. The weathering profile on biotite and hornblende granitoid is not very differentiated and is particularly rich in quartz (max: 40 weight-%) and microcline (max: 40 weight-%). The soils developed on granitoid, adopt elastic-fragile deformation to elastoplastics with sharp break in relation to the load applied. The alteration profile on orthogneiss is poorly differentiated, and thin, with a low degree of alteration. Hydrolytic alteration by monosiallitization marked this profile. This is particularly rich in quartz (max: 100 weight-%) and kaolinite (max: 57 weight-%). The profile on anatexite is particularly rich in quartz (max: 66 weight-%) and kaolinite (max: 40 weight-%). The normative restructuring confirmed over 98 weight-% of the various minerals obtained and thus made it possible to better characterize the alteration and its application in geotechnics. These soils constitute potential deposits of chromatogenic minerals: kaolinite, hematite, goethite, gibbsite, magnetite, biotite.
{"title":"Mineralogy of Lateritic Weathering Profiles Developed on the Rocks under a Sub-equatorial Monsoon Climate: Case of the Bambouto Mountains","authors":"Manefouet Kentsa Bertille Ilalie, K. Véronique, Wouatong Armand, Valentine Katte","doi":"10.17491/jgsi/2024/173945","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17491/jgsi/2024/173945","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The main objective of this work is to make a comparative assessment of the mineralogy on weathering profiles resulting from the alteration of the different rocks in an equatorial microclimate of altitude. This was carried out in the lower flank of the southern slope of the Bambouto Mountains. Mineralogical analysis and normative restructuring have given very interesting results on the profiles, between the basement rocks and the surface/cover rocks. Given that the alteration pathways of the basement rocks are different, they are similar within the zone of containment and potential leaching. Meanwhile, the cover rocks vary from one domain to another: virtual weathering, potential confinement, potential and virtual weathering, and induration. The alterological activity is very intense in the profile on trachybasalt. The predominant weathering processes in all cases are allitization and monosialitization, which are marked by a singular phenomenon of ferrolysis. The characteristic minerals of this profile are kaolinite and diopside. The weathering profile on biotite and hornblende granitoid is not very differentiated and is particularly rich in quartz (max: 40 weight-%) and microcline (max: 40 weight-%). The soils developed on granitoid, adopt elastic-fragile deformation to elastoplastics with sharp break in relation to the load applied. The alteration profile on orthogneiss is poorly differentiated, and thin, with a low degree of alteration. Hydrolytic alteration by monosiallitization marked this profile. This is particularly rich in quartz (max: 100 weight-%) and kaolinite (max: 57 weight-%). The profile on anatexite is particularly rich in quartz (max: 66 weight-%) and kaolinite (max: 40 weight-%). The normative restructuring confirmed over 98 weight-% of the various minerals obtained and thus made it possible to better characterize the alteration and its application in geotechnics. These soils constitute potential deposits of chromatogenic minerals: kaolinite, hematite, goethite, gibbsite, magnetite, biotite.","PeriodicalId":50001,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Geological Society of India","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141691382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-01DOI: 10.17491/jgsi/2024/173947
R. Baskar, Surya Parkash, Shubham Badola, S. Baskar, Kakoli Gogoi
{"title":"Celebration of the Earth Day 2024 – A Report","authors":"R. Baskar, Surya Parkash, Shubham Badola, S. Baskar, Kakoli Gogoi","doi":"10.17491/jgsi/2024/173947","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17491/jgsi/2024/173947","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50001,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Geological Society of India","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141697561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-01DOI: 10.17491/jgsi/2024/173944
A. K. Shrivastava, L. Saha, S. Behera, S. Gupta
In this contribution, geochemical signatures and petrological evolution of a folded sequence of mica schist from the Jabalpur area of the Mahakoshal Belt in the northern Central Indian Tectonic Zone (CITZ) are described. Multiple tectonic discrimination diagrams incorporating both major and trace element concentrations have constrained back-arc settings for deposition of the sedimentary units. S1 foliation formation marks the beginning of the M1 metamorphic stage. In contrast, the later M2 metamorphic event resulted in garnet and andalusite formation during heating at 2-3 kbar, followed by staurolite-sillimanite, garnet-staurolite assemblages at peak P-T conditions of 5.4 kbar, 550-600°C. Textural evidence suggests that M2 is pre-syn tectonic to D2 deformation, resulting in formation of the NE-SW trending S2 axial planar foliation. From the isopleth thermobarometry, a clockwise P-T path with near-isothermal decompression has been determined for M2. Similar results have been obtained from conventional thermo-barometry performed on multiple samples. Monazite dating (EPMA) of one of the samples suggests 1.9 Ga, age for D1-M1 event. M2 is correlated with the younger age population of monazites yielding 1.5 Ga. A clockwise P-T path constrained for M2 suggests collisional tectonics along the northern margin of the CITZ, as recorded from its southern margin.
{"title":"Tectono-thermal Evolution of the Proterozoic Mahakoshal Belt along the Northern Margin of Central Indian Tectonic Zone: Constraints from Geochemistry, Phase Equilibria Modelling and in-situ Monazite Dating from a Metapelite Sequence around Jabalpur","authors":"A. K. Shrivastava, L. Saha, S. Behera, S. Gupta","doi":"10.17491/jgsi/2024/173944","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17491/jgsi/2024/173944","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 In this contribution, geochemical signatures and petrological evolution of a folded sequence of mica schist from the Jabalpur area of the Mahakoshal Belt in the northern Central Indian Tectonic Zone (CITZ) are described. Multiple tectonic discrimination diagrams incorporating both major and trace element concentrations have constrained back-arc settings for deposition of the sedimentary units. S1 foliation formation marks the beginning of the M1 metamorphic stage. In contrast, the later M2 metamorphic event resulted in garnet and andalusite formation during heating at 2-3 kbar, followed by staurolite-sillimanite, garnet-staurolite assemblages at peak P-T conditions of 5.4 kbar, 550-600°C. Textural evidence suggests that M2 is pre-syn tectonic to D2 deformation, resulting in formation of the NE-SW trending S2 axial planar foliation. From the isopleth thermobarometry, a clockwise P-T path with near-isothermal decompression has been determined for M2. Similar results have been obtained from conventional thermo-barometry performed on multiple samples. Monazite dating (EPMA) of one of the samples suggests 1.9 Ga, age for D1-M1 event. M2 is correlated with the younger age population of monazites yielding 1.5 Ga. A clockwise P-T path constrained for M2 suggests collisional tectonics along the northern margin of the CITZ, as recorded from its southern margin.","PeriodicalId":50001,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Geological Society of India","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141693211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-01DOI: 10.17491/jgsi/2024/173937
U. Raval
During certain time windows of the late Cretaceous and early Tertiary the Indian plate travelled northward from deep south with exceptionally fast speed reaching around 15–18 to ~22 cm/yr. This is indeed intriguing and enigmatic because velocities of all other major tectonic plates, in comparison, do not exceed ~7–8 cm/yr and hence the high mobility of the Indian plate remains somewhat mysterious. This study discusses the various efforts carried out during the past four decades, which are aimed at understanding the processes/forces behind this rapid drift of India. On the basis of marine magnetic survey, deep drilling and numerical models, a number of potential causes have been put forward. Some of the important observations that emerged from these studies are, (i) delineation of multi-phase subduction systems within the India-Asia collision corridor, (ii) occurrence of upwelling of more than one mantle plumes and their push force, (iii) anti-correlated velocities of the Indian and African plates and their coupling with the Reunion mantle plume, and (iv) role of mantle plume in the initiation of subduction or convergent margin that implies initiation of the plate tectonics itself. These studies suggest a number of potential causes that could impart the observed high acceleration to the Indian plate. These include lithospheric thinning and geophysical/geochemical characteristics of the Indian plate, weakening of the litho-asthenospheric coupling and the coupling of mantle plume and double subduction. During the past decade, continued addition of concepts and ideas that negate/compliment/supplement preceding studies, comprehend the forces responsible for India’s rapid drift. It is significant to note that most of these suggestions have come up, in quick succession, thus making the unfoldment of this research highly engrossing and interesting.
{"title":"The Mystery Deepens: Anomalously Fast Speed of the Indian Lithospheric Plate - A Review","authors":"U. Raval","doi":"10.17491/jgsi/2024/173937","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17491/jgsi/2024/173937","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 During certain time windows of the late Cretaceous and early Tertiary the Indian plate travelled northward from deep south with exceptionally fast speed reaching around 15–18 to ~22 cm/yr. This is indeed intriguing and enigmatic because velocities of all other major tectonic plates, in comparison, do not exceed ~7–8 cm/yr and hence the high mobility of the Indian plate remains somewhat mysterious. This study discusses the various efforts carried out during the past four decades, which are aimed at understanding the processes/forces behind this rapid drift of India. On the basis of marine magnetic survey, deep drilling and numerical models, a number of potential causes have been put forward. Some of the important observations that emerged from these studies are, (i) delineation of multi-phase subduction systems within the India-Asia collision corridor, (ii) occurrence of upwelling of more than one mantle plumes and their push force, (iii) anti-correlated velocities of the Indian and African plates and their coupling with the Reunion mantle plume, and (iv) role of mantle plume in the initiation of subduction or convergent margin that implies initiation of the plate tectonics itself. These studies suggest a number of potential causes that could impart the observed high acceleration to the Indian plate. These include lithospheric thinning and geophysical/geochemical characteristics of the Indian plate, weakening of the litho-asthenospheric coupling and the coupling of mantle plume and double subduction. During the past decade, continued addition of concepts and ideas that negate/compliment/supplement preceding studies, comprehend the forces responsible for India’s rapid drift. It is significant to note that most of these suggestions have come up, in quick succession, thus making the unfoldment of this research highly engrossing and interesting.","PeriodicalId":50001,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Geological Society of India","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141716234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-01DOI: 10.17491/jgsi/2024/173949
S.K. Mehta, R.M.K. Khan, B. S. Yadav
{"title":"Workshop on “Cutting-Edge Scientific Instruments and Training on XRD, ICP-MS, BET and Multichannel Electrochemical Workstation” at University of Ladakh, UT of Ladakh","authors":"S.K. Mehta, R.M.K. Khan, B. S. Yadav","doi":"10.17491/jgsi/2024/173949","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17491/jgsi/2024/173949","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50001,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Geological Society of India","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141716387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-01DOI: 10.17491/jgsi/2024/173942
Ravi Sharma, Yudhbir Singh, Rajwant, Neelratan Singh, J. Malik, Mitthu Dhali, Eshaan Srivastava, Nayan Sharma
A morphotectonic investigation of the drainage basins and an estimation of the rate of upliftment have been conducted in the vicinity of Palampur, located in the Kangra district of Himachal Pradesh. The assessment utilized the geomorphic index of active tectonics (IAT) and the Optically Stimulated Luminescence (OSL) dating technique. The study area is situated within the epicentral zone of the 1905 Kangra earthquake and is drained by three significant perennial tributaries of the Beas river, namely Baner, Neogal, and Awa. To evaluate the tectonic influence on these drainage basins, Digital Elevation Model (DEM) data with a resolution of 30m, Survey of India toposheets, and Google Earth images were processed using ArcGIS and Global Mapper software. The findings of this investigation indicate that the drainage basins have been impacted by tectonic activity, resulting in the formation of asymmetrical, elongated basins with deep V-shaped valleys and active mountain fronts. The hypsometric integral values derived from the study suggest that these basins have reached an equilibrium stage. Originating from elevations exceeding 4500m in the Dhauladhar range, these rivers, like other Himalayan rivers, partake in active downcutting and erosional processes, as observed in the presence of terraces. By employing the OSL dating technique, the terraces of the Neogal river were dated, enabling the calculation of an upliftment rate ranging from 0.6 ± 0.03 mm/year to 1.7 ± 0.1 mm/year for the area.
{"title":"Appraisal of Active Tectonics: An Insight from the Morphotectonic Study of Drainage Basins and OSL Dating in the Kangra Area, Himachal Pradesh","authors":"Ravi Sharma, Yudhbir Singh, Rajwant, Neelratan Singh, J. Malik, Mitthu Dhali, Eshaan Srivastava, Nayan Sharma","doi":"10.17491/jgsi/2024/173942","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17491/jgsi/2024/173942","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 A morphotectonic investigation of the drainage basins and an estimation of the rate of upliftment have been conducted in the vicinity of Palampur, located in the Kangra district of Himachal Pradesh. The assessment utilized the geomorphic index of active tectonics (IAT) and the Optically Stimulated Luminescence (OSL) dating technique. The study area is situated within the epicentral zone of the 1905 Kangra earthquake and is drained by three significant perennial tributaries of the Beas river, namely Baner, Neogal, and Awa. To evaluate the tectonic influence on these drainage basins, Digital Elevation Model (DEM) data with a resolution of 30m, Survey of India toposheets, and Google Earth images were processed using ArcGIS and Global Mapper software. The findings of this investigation indicate that the drainage basins have been impacted by tectonic activity, resulting in the formation of asymmetrical, elongated basins with deep V-shaped valleys and active mountain fronts. The hypsometric integral values derived from the study suggest that these basins have reached an equilibrium stage. Originating from elevations exceeding 4500m in the Dhauladhar range, these rivers, like other Himalayan rivers, partake in active downcutting and erosional processes, as observed in the presence of terraces. By employing the OSL dating technique, the terraces of the Neogal river were dated, enabling the calculation of an upliftment rate ranging from 0.6 ± 0.03 mm/year to 1.7 ± 0.1 mm/year for the area.","PeriodicalId":50001,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Geological Society of India","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141693017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-01DOI: 10.17491/jgsi/2024/173950
M. F. Quamar
{"title":"XXIst INQUA Congress 2023: Time for Change","authors":"M. F. Quamar","doi":"10.17491/jgsi/2024/173950","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17491/jgsi/2024/173950","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50001,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Geological Society of India","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141700332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-01DOI: 10.17491/jgsi/2024/173943
Abhik Paul, P. Chakrabortty, A. Burman, Sapan Kumar
Sitamarhi, situated in the North-Bihar region of the Himalayan foothills is one of the seismically vulnerable regions of India. This region faced several devastating earthquakes, such as the 1934 and 1988 Bihar Nepal earthquake and the 2015 Nepal earthquake due to the movement of tectonic plates. The purpose of the present study is to exhibit the uniform hazard spectrum (UHS) and peak ground acceleration (PGA) values based on the probabilistic seismic hazard method using different seismotectonic parameters. The Gutenberg Richter (G-R) seismicity parameters ‘a’ and ‘b’ were estimated on the basis of regional earthquake magnitude data for the studied region. Regional earthquakes data were taken from the United States Geological Survey (USGS), International Seismological Centre (ISC), Indian Meteorological Department (IMD), and Seismotectonic Atlas of India. The region of interest for the probabilistic seismic hazard analysis (PSHA) is within a 500 km radius considering past seismicity and 62 seismotectonic sources which were identified in the study area. Large-scale geological features were utilised to describe the regional seismic source zones, which were used to derive the relationship between return period and ground motion parameters. Estimated PGA values are 0.92g for 2% and 0.68g for 10% probability of exceedance in 50 years time period, respectively. This research infer that the West Patna fault (WPF) and Sitamarhi fault (SMF) are the two maximum contributors in PGA for the Sitamarhi region.
{"title":"Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Assessment of Sitamarhi near the Central Himalayan Region","authors":"Abhik Paul, P. Chakrabortty, A. Burman, Sapan Kumar","doi":"10.17491/jgsi/2024/173943","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17491/jgsi/2024/173943","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Sitamarhi, situated in the North-Bihar region of the Himalayan foothills is one of the seismically vulnerable regions of India. This region faced several devastating earthquakes, such as the 1934 and 1988 Bihar Nepal earthquake and the 2015 Nepal earthquake due to the movement of tectonic plates. The purpose of the present study is to exhibit the uniform hazard spectrum (UHS) and peak ground acceleration (PGA) values based on the probabilistic seismic hazard method using different seismotectonic parameters. The Gutenberg Richter (G-R) seismicity parameters ‘a’ and ‘b’ were estimated on the basis of regional earthquake magnitude data for the studied region. Regional earthquakes data were taken from the United States Geological Survey (USGS), International Seismological Centre (ISC), Indian Meteorological Department (IMD), and Seismotectonic Atlas of India. The region of interest for the probabilistic seismic hazard analysis (PSHA) is within a 500 km radius considering past seismicity and 62 seismotectonic sources which were identified in the study area. Large-scale geological features were utilised to describe the regional seismic source zones, which were used to derive the relationship between return period and ground motion parameters. Estimated PGA values are 0.92g for 2% and 0.68g for 10% probability of exceedance in 50 years time period, respectively. This research infer that the West Patna fault (WPF) and Sitamarhi fault (SMF) are the two maximum contributors in PGA for the Sitamarhi region.","PeriodicalId":50001,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Geological Society of India","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141693826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-01DOI: 10.17491/jgsi/2024/173935
Pawan K. Gautam, Dhruv Sen Singh, Anoop Kumar Singh
The Ghaghara River is one of the longest tributary of the Ganga River. The Ghaghara, a snow fed river is well known for channel shifting/migration. It was analyzed for lateral migration using multi-temporal satellite images and SOI toposheets. It shows 4.2 to 6.1 km lateral migration in last 45 years (1975–2020) between Bahraich and Deoria in the state of Uttar Pradesh. The lateral migration on the left side of the river (NNE) is 6144, 4838, 6475 and 4755 m, whereas on the right side (SSW) is 7021, 4555, 4718 and 4257 m during 1975–1990, 1975–2000, 1975–2010 and 1975–2020, respectively. The rate of migration (m/year) on left side (NNE) is 410, 194, 185 and 106, whereas on the right side (SSW) is 468, 182, 135 and 95 during 1975–1990, 1975–2000, 1975–2010 and 1975–2020, respectively. The major factors such as heavy precipitation, reactivation of chute channels, deposition of sediments, breaching of embankments and sand mining etc. might be responsible for the lateral migration of the river. Human settlements should be constructed away from the migration-prone area and regular monitoring and management system needs to be in place to mitigate the impacts of such natural events.
{"title":"Quantitative Assessment of Channel Migration in the Ghaghara River, Ganga Plain, India","authors":"Pawan K. Gautam, Dhruv Sen Singh, Anoop Kumar Singh","doi":"10.17491/jgsi/2024/173935","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17491/jgsi/2024/173935","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The Ghaghara River is one of the longest tributary of the Ganga River. The Ghaghara, a snow fed river is well known for channel shifting/migration. It was analyzed for lateral migration using multi-temporal satellite images and SOI toposheets. It shows 4.2 to 6.1 km lateral migration in last 45 years (1975–2020) between Bahraich and Deoria in the state of Uttar Pradesh. The lateral migration on the left side of the river (NNE) is 6144, 4838, 6475 and 4755 m, whereas on the right side (SSW) is 7021, 4555, 4718 and 4257 m during 1975–1990, 1975–2000, 1975–2010 and 1975–2020, respectively. The rate of migration (m/year) on left side (NNE) is 410, 194, 185 and 106, whereas on the right side (SSW) is 468, 182, 135 and 95 during 1975–1990, 1975–2000, 1975–2010 and 1975–2020, respectively. The major factors such as heavy precipitation, reactivation of chute channels, deposition of sediments, breaching of embankments and sand mining etc. might be responsible for the lateral migration of the river. Human settlements should be constructed away from the migration-prone area and regular monitoring and management system needs to be in place to mitigate the impacts of such natural events.","PeriodicalId":50001,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Geological Society of India","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141699057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-01DOI: 10.17491/jgsi/2024/173941
N. S. Kachhawa, Prasit Girish Agnihotri
Event-based hydrologic models are very useful to predict peak flow and flood volume, particularly in semi-arid regions. In HEC-HMS software methods selected for loss, transformation, routing and base flow were soil conservation service (SCS) curve number (CN), SCS unit hydrograph (UH), Muskingum and recession, respectively. A total of six extreme events from the year 2011 to 2019 were selected, out of which four were used for calibration, one each for validation and application. The developed model can identify the peak discharge and flood volume satisfactorily at 2-hour intervals. During validation performance statistical viz. percent difference in runoff volume (DV%), percent difference in peak flow (DP%), Nash Sutcliffe Efficiency (NSE), percent bias (%BIAS), coefficient of determination (R2) and ratio of the root mean square error to the standard deviation (RSR) were −3.68, −25.93, 0.52, 3.52, 0.53 and 0.69, respectively. The sensitivity analysis revealed that the CN is the highest sensitive parameter followed by the storage time constant (K), which affects the peak discharge. Whereas, for flood volume, CN is the highest sensitive parameter followed by the recession constant (Rc). The relative sensitivity of CN for peak flow and flood volume were 2.11 and 1.73, respectively. Out of center maximum rainfall (CeMR) and cumulative maximum rainfall (CuMR) distribution, CeMR distribution has given higher peak discharge for all rainfall duration. The rainfall characteristics of the 2016 flood event suggest a hypothetical 9-day rainfall duration can be considered. The 9-day event with CeMR gives 70.64% higher discharge as compared to the observed peak discharge during the 2016 flood.
{"title":"Identification of Possible Incoming Runoff using Different Combinations of Extreme Rainfall Events in a Semi-arid Context: Banas River, Bisalpur Dam Catchment","authors":"N. S. Kachhawa, Prasit Girish Agnihotri","doi":"10.17491/jgsi/2024/173941","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17491/jgsi/2024/173941","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Event-based hydrologic models are very useful to predict peak flow and flood volume, particularly in semi-arid regions. In HEC-HMS software methods selected for loss, transformation, routing and base flow were soil conservation service (SCS) curve number (CN), SCS unit hydrograph (UH), Muskingum and recession, respectively. A total of six extreme events from the year 2011 to 2019 were selected, out of which four were used for calibration, one each for validation and application. The developed model can identify the peak discharge and flood volume satisfactorily at 2-hour intervals. During validation performance statistical viz. percent difference in runoff volume (DV%), percent difference in peak flow (DP%), Nash Sutcliffe Efficiency (NSE), percent bias (%BIAS), coefficient of determination (R2) and ratio of the root mean square error to the standard deviation (RSR) were −3.68, −25.93, 0.52, 3.52, 0.53 and 0.69, respectively. The sensitivity analysis revealed that the CN is the highest sensitive parameter followed by the storage time constant (K), which affects the peak discharge. Whereas, for flood volume, CN is the highest sensitive parameter followed by the recession constant (Rc). The relative sensitivity of CN for peak flow and flood volume were 2.11 and 1.73, respectively. Out of center maximum rainfall (CeMR) and cumulative maximum rainfall (CuMR) distribution, CeMR distribution has given higher peak discharge for all rainfall duration. The rainfall characteristics of the 2016 flood event suggest a hypothetical 9-day rainfall duration can be considered. The 9-day event with CeMR gives 70.64% higher discharge as compared to the observed peak discharge during the 2016 flood.","PeriodicalId":50001,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Geological Society of India","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141713885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：