Japan Architectural Review最新文献

Xavier Hall, a timber structure designed as an auditorium, and believers' hall by Togo Murano Architect Office, were partially completed in 1949 on the property of Nobori-cho Catholic Church in Hiroshima, widely known as the Memorial Cathedral for World Peace. The building is important to understand the design process of the cathedral because it had a fundamental influence on the planning of the religious complex as a whole. For this paper, based on a chronological analysis of sketches and drawings relevant to the building, morphological analysis was performed through three problem-solving studies to reveal the architect's design thinking and strategy.

This study analyzed location trends in residences for elderly people with services in the Tokyo Metropolitan Area, and the result shows that residences for elderly people with services in the central metropolitan area have a large area of housing, and many residents with high levels of independence live in it and are provided home-care services for the elderly. On the contrary, residences for elderly people with services in remote areas from the Tokyo metropolitan area are smaller, and many older adults need nursing care to move into these housing units. Also, these tiny residences for elderly people have a daycare service to provide care for their residents.

Regarding the stone wall of Kagoshima Castle, the situation after the fire in 1696 (Genroku9) has been clarified to some extent, but there are many unclear points about the situation before 1696. Therefore, in this paper, we will conduct a field survey on the stone wall around the main enclosure, which is the center of Kagoshima Castle, and analyze and consider the processing technology and masonry technology of the stone material. Furthermore, the chronology of the stone wall will be clarified based on drawings and old photographs.

In Amami-Oshima, folk houses are characterized by the “HIKIMUN construction” system, which is different from other wooden construction systems of the Japanese main island. Big beams that are dropped into primary posts are called “HIKIMUN.” This study aimed to clarify the regional characteristics of HIKIMUN construction systems and their determining factors. Ten HIKIMUN folk houses in mountainous, plain, and island areas were studied. According to the survey results, four types of HIKIMUN construction systems—Basic, Discontinuous, Extended, and Two levels—two types of HIKIMUN joints—Unprocessed and Watariago—and three types of floor level joints—Makura, Kusabi, and Combined—were identified. The regional characteristics of each type were also clarified.

Experimental and FEM-based analytical studies revealed the following aspects regarding post-installed adhesive anchors set with epoxy or UHPFRC adhesive.

The purpose of this study was to compare the trends of moving in and out of the city and moving within the city, and to identify more detailed demographic and social dynamics within the city. The study found that the trends of moving in and out of the city and moving within the city can be classified into six categories and that moving within the city plays a significant role in the social dynamics of the region. Even though there was an increase in terms of population, some trends in moves in showed an aging of the population and its impact on the local community. In the case of a decrease in population due to partial moves out by households, the former households remain in the area, so it was found that moving out does not necessarily mean a decrease in the number of households, and this does not lead to the occurrence of vacant houses. From these findings, it can be said that the trend of moving within the city should be taken into account when considering the future image of the community. We think that it is necessary to understand the events occurring in the region in more detail and reflect them in future land use and housing policy considerations in the planning process.

While urban reconstruction projects and land use regulations were implemented in each area affected by the tsunami following the Great East Japan Earthquake, concerns were raised regarding the impact of these projects and regulations on the industry sector. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between business recovery and post-disaster urban planning, such as urban reconstruction projects and disaster risk area designations. We developed chronological panel data of establishment units before and after the disaster using individual data from Economic Census, inundation range data, urban reconstruction project zone data, and disaster risk area data. Cross-tabulation tables and independence tests were conducted using the panel data. The results indicate that for establishments inundated to a depth of at least 1 m located outside the disaster risk area, the survival rate was significantly lower for those inside the urban reconstruction project area. For establishments outside the urban reconstruction project area, the survival rate was significantly lower for those inside the disaster risk area, for both nonflooded and flooded depths of at least 1 m. The results revealed that besides inundation damage, industry sectors, and numbers of employees, urban reconstruction project implementation and disaster risk area designation were some factors impeding survival.

CASBEE Wellness Office, a tool assessing buildings and workplaces in terms of worker health, workplace productivity, and resilience, has been in operation since 2019 and has certified more than 90 properties in Japan. In this study, the trends of certified properties were analyzed. Most of them were accredited with high ranks, S or A. CASBEE allows self-certification, and properties with high potential tend to be applied for third-party certification. Buildings occupied or owned by a single company tend to have higher scores than buildings with multiple tenants. Among buildings with multiple tenants, those with larger floor areas tend to be accredited with higher scores. In some categories of the assessment systems, it might be easier to obtain higher scores for large-scale properties, such as serving various refreshment spaces. Questionnaire surveys using the CASBEE Office Health Checklist were conducted on properties evaluated by the CASBEE Wellness Office. A strong correlation was identified between the scores. Owing to the evident correlations between the CASBEE Office health checklist, workplace productivity, and worker health, it can be concluded that the CASBEE Wellness Office can appropriately measure the planning and operation of properties in terms of worker performance related to wellness.

Building alterations often occur when the buildings ought to be updated to meet new standards. In such processes, original values of existing buildings tend to be neglected in favor of speed and economic benefits from aggressive alterations. In this research, we investigate the mechanism of architectural alterations that respect the value of existing buildings. The research helps uncover the lasting values of buildings that can be preserved in spite of the need for physical adjustments.

Effective stress analysis using liquefaction parameters is often employed for the numerical analysis of soil liquefaction. However, to the best of our knowledge, liquefaction parameters that simultaneously reproduce the liquefaction strength curve and effective stress path have not been reported to date. Herein, we propose a new method to estimate the model parameters used in effective stress analysis: the liquefaction strength and pore pressure curves obtained from laboratory tests are used as targets for inverse analysis. The results confirmed that the parameters obtained by our method could reproduce the liquefaction strength, pore pressure curves, and the effective stress path with high accuracy, which was difficult to achieve using conventional methods.