Pub Date : 2024-01-05DOI: 10.3389/ftubr.2023.1295979
Nathan Mugenyi, Nelson Ssewante, J. Baruch Baluku, F. Bongomin, Mutuku Mukenya Irene, Alfred Andama, Pauline Byakika-Kibwika
The laboratory plays a vital role in the diagnosis of all clinical forms of tuberculosis (TB), from microbiological confirmation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to drug-susceptibility testing (DST) and treatment monitoring. For many decades, laboratory diagnosis of tuberculosis was based on conventional methods such as smear microscopy, and culture-based methods. However, Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a slow-growing organism, requiring 2–4 weeks or longer for cultures to yield results. Therefore, the evaluation of novel and rapid diagnostic methods has been a priority for research and development. In the beginning of 1990s, molecular-based diagnostics became widely available providing rapid detection, identification, and DST of M. tuberculosis. In this paper, we review some of the new diagnostic methods introduced in the clinical laboratory for the diagnosis of tuberculosis. With the global goal of ending TB as a public health challenge by 2030, enhancing diagnostic capabilities for latent and active TB, along with improving DST, would improve identification and management of cases, reducing transmission rates and curbing the spread of drug-resistant strains. These innovations promise to transform TB control efforts, bringing us closer to eradicating this persistent global health threat.
{"title":"Innovative laboratory methods for improved tuberculosis diagnosis and drug-susceptibility testing","authors":"Nathan Mugenyi, Nelson Ssewante, J. Baruch Baluku, F. Bongomin, Mutuku Mukenya Irene, Alfred Andama, Pauline Byakika-Kibwika","doi":"10.3389/ftubr.2023.1295979","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/ftubr.2023.1295979","url":null,"abstract":"The laboratory plays a vital role in the diagnosis of all clinical forms of tuberculosis (TB), from microbiological confirmation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to drug-susceptibility testing (DST) and treatment monitoring. For many decades, laboratory diagnosis of tuberculosis was based on conventional methods such as smear microscopy, and culture-based methods. However, Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a slow-growing organism, requiring 2–4 weeks or longer for cultures to yield results. Therefore, the evaluation of novel and rapid diagnostic methods has been a priority for research and development. In the beginning of 1990s, molecular-based diagnostics became widely available providing rapid detection, identification, and DST of M. tuberculosis. In this paper, we review some of the new diagnostic methods introduced in the clinical laboratory for the diagnosis of tuberculosis. With the global goal of ending TB as a public health challenge by 2030, enhancing diagnostic capabilities for latent and active TB, along with improving DST, would improve identification and management of cases, reducing transmission rates and curbing the spread of drug-resistant strains. These innovations promise to transform TB control efforts, bringing us closer to eradicating this persistent global health threat.","PeriodicalId":429644,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Tuberculosis","volume":"13 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139382847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-29DOI: 10.3389/ftubr.2023.1267221
B. Molina-Moya, R. Villar-Hernández, N. Ciobanu, B. Muriel-Moreno, A. Lacoma, A. Codreanu, I. Latorre, Daria Smalchuk, C. Prat-Aymerich, V. Crudu, K. Kontogianni, Luis E. Cuevas, José Domínguez
Tuberculosis (TB) is a leading cause of death from a single infectious agent, and triage tests based on biomarkers may help to improve the diagnosis. This study aims to determine whether C-reactive protein (CRP), interferon-γ-inducible protein 10 (IP-10), α1-acid glycoprotein (AGP), and α1-anti-trypsin (AAT) could be useful for a screening test in patients with presumptive TB disease.CRP, IP-10, AGP, and AAT were measured in plasma samples from 277 patients with presumptive TB disease in the Republic of Moldova in a prospective study.In general, the levels of all the biomarkers were higher in patients with TB than in the other groups (p < 0.05). Receiver operating characteristic curve analyses showed an area under the curve lower than 0.7 for all the biomarkers, and low correlations (Spearman's r < 0.6) were found between biomarkers.The levels of the tested biomarkers were different throughout the patient groups studied, but their suboptimal diagnostic performance either as individual biomarkers or in combination does not favor their use for triage testing.
{"title":"Acute phase proteins and IP-10 in plasma for tuberculosis diagnosis","authors":"B. Molina-Moya, R. Villar-Hernández, N. Ciobanu, B. Muriel-Moreno, A. Lacoma, A. Codreanu, I. Latorre, Daria Smalchuk, C. Prat-Aymerich, V. Crudu, K. Kontogianni, Luis E. Cuevas, José Domínguez","doi":"10.3389/ftubr.2023.1267221","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/ftubr.2023.1267221","url":null,"abstract":"Tuberculosis (TB) is a leading cause of death from a single infectious agent, and triage tests based on biomarkers may help to improve the diagnosis. This study aims to determine whether C-reactive protein (CRP), interferon-γ-inducible protein 10 (IP-10), α1-acid glycoprotein (AGP), and α1-anti-trypsin (AAT) could be useful for a screening test in patients with presumptive TB disease.CRP, IP-10, AGP, and AAT were measured in plasma samples from 277 patients with presumptive TB disease in the Republic of Moldova in a prospective study.In general, the levels of all the biomarkers were higher in patients with TB than in the other groups (p < 0.05). Receiver operating characteristic curve analyses showed an area under the curve lower than 0.7 for all the biomarkers, and low correlations (Spearman's r < 0.6) were found between biomarkers.The levels of the tested biomarkers were different throughout the patient groups studied, but their suboptimal diagnostic performance either as individual biomarkers or in combination does not favor their use for triage testing.","PeriodicalId":429644,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Tuberculosis","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139214985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-15DOI: 10.3389/ftubr.2023.1303505
Carly Young, Mbali N. Mkhonza, P. Ogongo
Vaccination is crucial for the control of tuberculosis (TB), and safe, more effective, and accessible vaccines against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection are critically needed to achieve TB control milestones envisioned in the End TB Strategy. TB vaccine research and development faces numerous challenges including, but not limited to, insufficient knowledge of the most informative antigens to prioritize as potential vaccine candidates, lack of defined correlates of protection, and incomplete knowledge of anatomical and cellular locations of the Mtb-infected cell in vivo, among others. To take stock of the progress, challenges, and opportunities in TB vaccine R&D, the Stop TB Partnership Working Group on New TB Vaccines (WGNV), in partnership with the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) cohosted a two-day virtual workshop on 13–14 June 2023 with experts from all over the world. In this report, we summarize key themes and discussions from the meeting, highlighting progress and gaps in the TB vaccine research.
{"title":"Recognition and control of Mycobacterium tuberculosis-infected cells: from basics to the clinic: a NIAID/WGNV workshop report 2023","authors":"Carly Young, Mbali N. Mkhonza, P. Ogongo","doi":"10.3389/ftubr.2023.1303505","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/ftubr.2023.1303505","url":null,"abstract":"Vaccination is crucial for the control of tuberculosis (TB), and safe, more effective, and accessible vaccines against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection are critically needed to achieve TB control milestones envisioned in the End TB Strategy. TB vaccine research and development faces numerous challenges including, but not limited to, insufficient knowledge of the most informative antigens to prioritize as potential vaccine candidates, lack of defined correlates of protection, and incomplete knowledge of anatomical and cellular locations of the Mtb-infected cell in vivo, among others. To take stock of the progress, challenges, and opportunities in TB vaccine R&D, the Stop TB Partnership Working Group on New TB Vaccines (WGNV), in partnership with the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) cohosted a two-day virtual workshop on 13–14 June 2023 with experts from all over the world. In this report, we summarize key themes and discussions from the meeting, highlighting progress and gaps in the TB vaccine research.","PeriodicalId":429644,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Tuberculosis","volume":"27 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139272404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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