Pub Date : 2023-02-28DOI: 10.56355/ijfrcp.2023.2.1.0052
Ibanga O. Isaac, Itoro E. Willie, Ndifreke S. Idio
The growing environmental concerns have led to the formulation of new coating strategies by employing inherently waterborne binders as a key component in order to eliminate the toxic volatile organic solvents from protective coatings. Hura crepitans L. seed oil (HCSO) was extracted from the seed pulp via solvent extraction and characterized using standard methods. Cottonseed oil (COSO), palm kernel oil (PKO), and HCSO were used in the formulation of emulsion alkyd resins (EMAR) via a two-stage alcoholysis-polyesterification process followed by the introduction of maleic anhydride in the polymer backbone and neutralization of the free acid functionality with triethylamine (TEA). Three grades EMAR (50%) were prepared using these oils, phthalic anhydride, glycerol, and maleic anhydride. The percentage yield of HCSO was 87.93%. While the iodine and acid values of HCSO were 145.90 g I2/100 g and 1.26 mg KOH/g respectively. COSO emulsion alkyd (CWAR), HCSO emulsion alkyd (HWAR), and PKO emulsion alkyd (PWAR) were highly soluble in water, while the iodine value of 81.38 gI2/100g, 85.02 gI2/100g, and 10.45 gI2/100g was recorded for CWAR, HWAR, and PWAR respectively. The solid content of the binders varied between 84.88 – 85.48%. While the viscosity varied between 1756.00 – 1768.00 mpa.s. HCSO and COSO can serve as good starting raw materials for the synthesis of environmentally friendly waterborne alkyd resin.
{"title":"Preparation and physicochemical characterization of emulsion alkyd resins from cottonseed, Hura crepitans L. seed and palm kernel oils","authors":"Ibanga O. Isaac, Itoro E. Willie, Ndifreke S. Idio","doi":"10.56355/ijfrcp.2023.2.1.0052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56355/ijfrcp.2023.2.1.0052","url":null,"abstract":"The growing environmental concerns have led to the formulation of new coating strategies by employing inherently waterborne binders as a key component in order to eliminate the toxic volatile organic solvents from protective coatings. Hura crepitans L. seed oil (HCSO) was extracted from the seed pulp via solvent extraction and characterized using standard methods. Cottonseed oil (COSO), palm kernel oil (PKO), and HCSO were used in the formulation of emulsion alkyd resins (EMAR) via a two-stage alcoholysis-polyesterification process followed by the introduction of maleic anhydride in the polymer backbone and neutralization of the free acid functionality with triethylamine (TEA). Three grades EMAR (50%) were prepared using these oils, phthalic anhydride, glycerol, and maleic anhydride. The percentage yield of HCSO was 87.93%. While the iodine and acid values of HCSO were 145.90 g I2/100 g and 1.26 mg KOH/g respectively. COSO emulsion alkyd (CWAR), HCSO emulsion alkyd (HWAR), and PKO emulsion alkyd (PWAR) were highly soluble in water, while the iodine value of 81.38 gI2/100g, 85.02 gI2/100g, and 10.45 gI2/100g was recorded for CWAR, HWAR, and PWAR respectively. The solid content of the binders varied between 84.88 – 85.48%. While the viscosity varied between 1756.00 – 1768.00 mpa.s. HCSO and COSO can serve as good starting raw materials for the synthesis of environmentally friendly waterborne alkyd resin.","PeriodicalId":431989,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Frontline Research in Chemistry and Pharmacy","volume":"142 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116547600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-30DOI: 10.56355/ijfrcp.2023.2.1.0032
Ho Soonmin, Muhammad Akram, Umme Laila, Muhammad Talha Khalil
Several dietary patterns are involved which includes both food-based& macronutrient which leads to weight loss. An important key that is used to minimize the chances of weight gain is by applying dietary patterns in which energy intake is not more by adjusting the composition of other nutrients. Different factors are involved which show their association with obesity. By coping with these factors, the risk of obesity will decrease.
{"title":"Nutrition and obesity: review","authors":"Ho Soonmin, Muhammad Akram, Umme Laila, Muhammad Talha Khalil","doi":"10.56355/ijfrcp.2023.2.1.0032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56355/ijfrcp.2023.2.1.0032","url":null,"abstract":"Several dietary patterns are involved which includes both food-based& macronutrient which leads to weight loss. An important key that is used to minimize the chances of weight gain is by applying dietary patterns in which energy intake is not more by adjusting the composition of other nutrients. Different factors are involved which show their association with obesity. By coping with these factors, the risk of obesity will decrease.","PeriodicalId":431989,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Frontline Research in Chemistry and Pharmacy","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128712640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-30DOI: 10.56355/ijfrcp.2022.1.1.0004
Amal H Al-Bagawi, Dorsaf Mansour, Shomokh AM Aljabri
The suitability of agricultural soil and irrigation water depends on the presence of trace metals; the aim of the present work is to assessment of the trace metals at Hail region using analytical techniques. The metal contaminations levels were determined using ICP-MS and flame photometer. The result obtained were compared to the standard samples suitable for agricultural and it was in the suitable range. The geo-accumulation (I-geo), single pollution, Nemerow pollution indices showed that the Se pollution intensity was significant for agricultural soils. I-geo values revealed no real sign of contamination with almost all the samples, reflecting a lack of contamination for all elements except Zn. While the enrichment factor (EF) for Fe was less than 2 suggested that the elements come entirely from crustal materials or natural processes. The study showed considerable variation in the levels of the analyzed elements in the soil samples. The total metal concentrations in the soil samples ordered as follows: Na > K > Fe > Mn > Zn > Ba > Cr > Ni > Cu > Pb > Cd > As.
农业土壤和灌溉水的适宜性取决于微量金属的存在;本文的目的是利用分析技术对冰雹地区的痕量金属进行评价。采用ICP-MS和火焰光度计测定金属污染水平。所得结果与农用标准样品进行了比较，均在适宜范围内。土壤累积指数(I-geo)、单一污染指数、Nemerow污染指数表明，土壤硒污染强度显著。几乎所有样品的I-geo值都没有显示出污染的迹象，这反映了除Zn外所有元素都没有受到污染。而铁元素的富集因子(EF)小于2，表明铁元素完全来自地壳物质或自然过程。研究表明，土壤样品中所分析元素的含量存在相当大的差异。土壤样品中总金属含量的变化顺序为:Na > K > Fe > Mn > Zn > Ba > Cr > Ni > Cu > Pb > Cd > as。
{"title":"Trace metals assessment in agricultural soil and irrigation water at hail region Saudi Arabia","authors":"Amal H Al-Bagawi, Dorsaf Mansour, Shomokh AM Aljabri","doi":"10.56355/ijfrcp.2022.1.1.0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56355/ijfrcp.2022.1.1.0004","url":null,"abstract":"The suitability of agricultural soil and irrigation water depends on the presence of trace metals; the aim of the present work is to assessment of the trace metals at Hail region using analytical techniques. The metal contaminations levels were determined using ICP-MS and flame photometer. The result obtained were compared to the standard samples suitable for agricultural and it was in the suitable range. The geo-accumulation (I-geo), single pollution, Nemerow pollution indices showed that the Se pollution intensity was significant for agricultural soils. I-geo values revealed no real sign of contamination with almost all the samples, reflecting a lack of contamination for all elements except Zn. While the enrichment factor (EF) for Fe was less than 2 suggested that the elements come entirely from crustal materials or natural processes. The study showed considerable variation in the levels of the analyzed elements in the soil samples. The total metal concentrations in the soil samples ordered as follows: Na > K > Fe > Mn > Zn > Ba > Cr > Ni > Cu > Pb > Cd > As.","PeriodicalId":431989,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Frontline Research in Chemistry and Pharmacy","volume":"97 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124186550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Early postoperative pain remains the most prevalent complaint after any surgery. Beside conventional IV analgesic medications, subcutaneous infiltration has been established as a reliable pain relief technique. Addition of dexamethasone to local anaesthetic (example: bupivacaine, lidocaine) can also be used as it has some beneficial effect than use of bupivacaine only. The objectives of this study to evaluate the duration of analgesic effects of dexamethasone with local anaesthetic as compared to local anaesthetic in post operative patient. This Randomized controlled trial study was conducted among 60 patients who underwent Laparoscopic cholecystectomy. This study was conducted from January,2019 to June,2019. All patients who underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy surgery were selected by purposive sampling. Data were compiled, edited, analyzed. The SPSS version 23 was used for data analysis. In this study distributing the patient in demographic changes, age, sex, BMI do not show any significant change. Most Group 2 patients have long analgesia effect (NRS score more than 5), delay requirement of first rescue analgesia. NRS (Numerical Rating Scale) score in Group 2 were persistently lower than that of Group 1. This revealed that combination of Bupivacaine and Dexamethasone is quite effective in reducing postoperative port site pain in comparison to Bupivacaine (P=<0.001).
{"title":"Comparison of dexamethasone with local anaesthetic versus local anaesthetic for laparoscopic port infiltration to assess effectiveness for post-operative analgesia","authors":"Md. Ariful Hoque, Shamima Nasrin Shadia, Moazzem Hossain","doi":"10.56355/ijfrcp.2022.1.1.0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56355/ijfrcp.2022.1.1.0003","url":null,"abstract":"Early postoperative pain remains the most prevalent complaint after any surgery. Beside conventional IV analgesic medications, subcutaneous infiltration has been established as a reliable pain relief technique. Addition of dexamethasone to local anaesthetic (example: bupivacaine, lidocaine) can also be used as it has some beneficial effect than use of bupivacaine only. The objectives of this study to evaluate the duration of analgesic effects of dexamethasone with local anaesthetic as compared to local anaesthetic in post operative patient. This Randomized controlled trial study was conducted among 60 patients who underwent Laparoscopic cholecystectomy. This study was conducted from January,2019 to June,2019. All patients who underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy surgery were selected by purposive sampling. Data were compiled, edited, analyzed. The SPSS version 23 was used for data analysis. In this study distributing the patient in demographic changes, age, sex, BMI do not show any significant change. Most Group 2 patients have long analgesia effect (NRS score more than 5), delay requirement of first rescue analgesia. NRS (Numerical Rating Scale) score in Group 2 were persistently lower than that of Group 1. This revealed that combination of Bupivacaine and Dexamethasone is quite effective in reducing postoperative port site pain in comparison to Bupivacaine (P=<0.001).","PeriodicalId":431989,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Frontline Research in Chemistry and Pharmacy","volume":"117 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133497426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-30DOI: 10.56355/ijfrcp.2022.1.1.0005
Habibu Ahmad Ibrahim, Yusuf Abubakar Maitama Hotoro, Abubakar Sani Garba, Bushra Khan
The use of MRI machines is a fast growing in the field of Medical Imaging. MRI machine operates on the principal of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Imaging which can be explained by Quantum Mechanics or Classical Mechanics. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Imaging is a process by which atomic nuclei containing protons and neutrons which are all inform of a magnetic field absorb and re-emit electromagnetic radiation. The energy of the emitted electromagnetic radiation is usually at a certain resonance frequency, which depends upon the strength of the magnetic field and the magnetic properties of the atoms. The resonance frequency produced is similar to radio frequency RF radiation, which when observed it produce a fine spectrum of anatomical structure of objects. MRI machines are currently used in hospitals and clinics to take the anatomical structures of the human body. And a wide variety of artifacts is routinely encountered on the images produced by this Machines. Manganese is a metal that was proposed to be use in NMRI machines, but due to it’s toxic nature and it is a heavy metal, it is not use at all. But we are able to produce metallic chloride of Mn2+ which over comes the toxicity of metal and behaves like a metallic Salt in the human body. However, we are able to successfully infuse MnCl2 into a Rat and a Rabbit due to its unique properties in order to analyse the images produced by a MRI Machine. Conclusively, we are able to observe that MnCl2 improves the images quality produced by the MRI Machine.
{"title":"Successive infusion of Mncl2 in order to analyze the image produced by MRI machines","authors":"Habibu Ahmad Ibrahim, Yusuf Abubakar Maitama Hotoro, Abubakar Sani Garba, Bushra Khan","doi":"10.56355/ijfrcp.2022.1.1.0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56355/ijfrcp.2022.1.1.0005","url":null,"abstract":"The use of MRI machines is a fast growing in the field of Medical Imaging. MRI machine operates on the principal of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Imaging which can be explained by Quantum Mechanics or Classical Mechanics. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Imaging is a process by which atomic nuclei containing protons and neutrons which are all inform of a magnetic field absorb and re-emit electromagnetic radiation. The energy of the emitted electromagnetic radiation is usually at a certain resonance frequency, which depends upon the strength of the magnetic field and the magnetic properties of the atoms. The resonance frequency produced is similar to radio frequency RF radiation, which when observed it produce a fine spectrum of anatomical structure of objects. MRI machines are currently used in hospitals and clinics to take the anatomical structures of the human body. And a wide variety of artifacts is routinely encountered on the images produced by this Machines. Manganese is a metal that was proposed to be use in NMRI machines, but due to it’s toxic nature and it is a heavy metal, it is not use at all. But we are able to produce metallic chloride of Mn2+ which over comes the toxicity of metal and behaves like a metallic Salt in the human body. However, we are able to successfully infuse MnCl2 into a Rat and a Rabbit due to its unique properties in order to analyse the images produced by a MRI Machine. Conclusively, we are able to observe that MnCl2 improves the images quality produced by the MRI Machine.","PeriodicalId":431989,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Frontline Research in Chemistry and Pharmacy","volume":"155 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122556280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-30DOI: 10.56355/ijfrcp.2022.1.1.0001
Osuji MI, Nweke CO, Nwanyanwu CE
The need for alternative source of energy cannot be overemphasized. Plant cells are mainly composed by lignocellulosic material, which includes cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin (lignocellulosic complex), Biogas produced from various lignocellulosic biomass, such as hardwood, agricultural, or forest residues, can be a useful replacement for the conventional energy production. Several physical, structural and compositional factors has the ability to stop the hydrolysis of cellulose present in biomass to simple sugar and other organic compounds that can later be converted to biofuels. The aim of pretreatment is to make the cellulose accessible to hydrolysis and to get rid of the recalcitrant lignin for conversion to fuels to be possible. Various pretreatment techniques change the physical and chemical structure of the lignocellulosic biomass and improve hydrolysis rates. During the past few years a large number of pretreatment methods have been developed, including alkali treatment, ammonia explosion, and others. Many methods have been shown to result in high sugar yields, above 90% of the theoretical yield for lignocellulosic biomasses such as woods, grasses, corn, and so on. This research work looks at acid-base pretreatment process methods. It also showed that this method works and can recover high percentage of simple sugar for fermentation. It adopts the technique of dilute acid low temperature.
{"title":"Acid-base pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass to facilitate recovery of fermentable sugar for anaerobic fermentation","authors":"Osuji MI, Nweke CO, Nwanyanwu CE","doi":"10.56355/ijfrcp.2022.1.1.0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56355/ijfrcp.2022.1.1.0001","url":null,"abstract":"The need for alternative source of energy cannot be overemphasized. Plant cells are mainly composed by lignocellulosic material, which includes cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin (lignocellulosic complex), Biogas produced from various lignocellulosic biomass, such as hardwood, agricultural, or forest residues, can be a useful replacement for the conventional energy production. Several physical, structural and compositional factors has the ability to stop the hydrolysis of cellulose present in biomass to simple sugar and other organic compounds that can later be converted to biofuels. The aim of pretreatment is to make the cellulose accessible to hydrolysis and to get rid of the recalcitrant lignin for conversion to fuels to be possible. Various pretreatment techniques change the physical and chemical structure of the lignocellulosic biomass and improve hydrolysis rates. During the past few years a large number of pretreatment methods have been developed, including alkali treatment, ammonia explosion, and others. Many methods have been shown to result in high sugar yields, above 90% of the theoretical yield for lignocellulosic biomasses such as woods, grasses, corn, and so on. This research work looks at acid-base pretreatment process methods. It also showed that this method works and can recover high percentage of simple sugar for fermentation. It adopts the technique of dilute acid low temperature.","PeriodicalId":431989,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Frontline Research in Chemistry and Pharmacy","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127278968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pseudohyperkalemia is common in routine laboratory tests. The objective of the present study is to determine pseudohyperkalemia associated with blood sampling and to analyze other causes that may explain the occurrence of hyperkalemia. A prospective descriptive and analytical study was carried out over a period of 3 months, from November 2020 to January 2021, at the University Hospital Center Professor Zafisaona Gabriel Mahajanga. Samples intended for the determination of plasma potassium, of which the pre-analytical phase could be followed from the blood sampling to their analysis were included. One hundred and twenty nine samples were tracked. Hyperkalemia was observed in 51 cases, or 39.5%. The frequency of pseudohyperkalemia was 27.5% (n = 14). Pseudohyperkalemia predominated on samples from hospitalized patients, where the pediatric department was first (50%, n = 7), followed by the Emergency and Intensive Care Department (42.9%, n = 6). It was more frequent on samples taken by paramedical trainees (78.6%, n = 11). Pseudohyperkalemia associated with tourniquet placement for more than one minute was 42.9% (n = 6). The age of 0 to 15 years and over 60 years, the presence of edema, renal and / or cardiac signs, the use of hyperkalemic drugs, and hospitalization were significantly linked to the occurrence of hyperkalemia (p<0.05). Pseudohyperkalemia must be differentiated from true hyperkalemia. Hyperkalemia should always be confirmed before aggressive treatment.
{"title":"Pseudohyperkalemia related to blood sampling at the University Hospital Center Professor Zafisaona Gabriel Mahajanga","authors":"Francine Isabelle Rakotonindrina, Rivo Solotiana Rakotomalala, Miora Koloina Ranaivosoa, Rissa Dahlia Njariaina, Tahirimalala Rabenandrianina, Olivat Rakoto Alson, Andry Rasamindrakotroka","doi":"10.56355/ijfrcp.2022.1.1.0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56355/ijfrcp.2022.1.1.0002","url":null,"abstract":"Pseudohyperkalemia is common in routine laboratory tests. The objective of the present study is to determine pseudohyperkalemia associated with blood sampling and to analyze other causes that may explain the occurrence of hyperkalemia. A prospective descriptive and analytical study was carried out over a period of 3 months, from November 2020 to January 2021, at the University Hospital Center Professor Zafisaona Gabriel Mahajanga. Samples intended for the determination of plasma potassium, of which the pre-analytical phase could be followed from the blood sampling to their analysis were included. One hundred and twenty nine samples were tracked. Hyperkalemia was observed in 51 cases, or 39.5%. The frequency of pseudohyperkalemia was 27.5% (n = 14). Pseudohyperkalemia predominated on samples from hospitalized patients, where the pediatric department was first (50%, n = 7), followed by the Emergency and Intensive Care Department (42.9%, n = 6). It was more frequent on samples taken by paramedical trainees (78.6%, n = 11). Pseudohyperkalemia associated with tourniquet placement for more than one minute was 42.9% (n = 6). The age of 0 to 15 years and over 60 years, the presence of edema, renal and / or cardiac signs, the use of hyperkalemic drugs, and hospitalization were significantly linked to the occurrence of hyperkalemia (p<0.05). Pseudohyperkalemia must be differentiated from true hyperkalemia. Hyperkalemia should always be confirmed before aggressive treatment.","PeriodicalId":431989,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Frontline Research in Chemistry and Pharmacy","volume":"73 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126917264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：