Pub Date : 2019-12-02DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.84825
N. Grigoryeva, L. Chistyakova
Self-fluorescence of light-harvesting complex is a powerful tool for investigation of living photosynthetic microorganisms. As the physiological state of single cells of such microorganisms is closely related to the operation and activity of photosynthetic system, any variations in spectroscopic properties of their self-fluorescence indicate the changes in their physiological state. In this chapter, we present several applications of confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) for investigation of living photosynthetic cells. A set of ordinary CLSM techniques will be applied for studying of cyanobacteria (or blue-green algae) such as 3D imaging, spectral imaging, microscopic spectroscopy, and fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP). Cyanobacteria were chosen as a model microorganism due to their great importance for different scientific and biotechnological applications. Cyanobacteria are the most ancient photosynthetic microorganisms on Earth. Nowadays, cyanobacteria are one of the most wide-spreaded organisms in nature, and the ecological aspect in their investigation is quite valuable. On the other hand, thousand strains belonging to different species are cultivated in biolaboratories all over the world for different biotechnological applications such as biofuel cells, food production, pharmaceuticals, fertilizers, etc. Thus, the noninvasive spectroscopic methods are quite important for monitoring of physiological state of cyanobacterial cultures and other photosynthetic microorganisms.
{"title":"Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy for Spectroscopic Studies of Living Photosynthetic Cells","authors":"N. Grigoryeva, L. Chistyakova","doi":"10.5772/intechopen.84825","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.84825","url":null,"abstract":"Self-fluorescence of light-harvesting complex is a powerful tool for investigation of living photosynthetic microorganisms. As the physiological state of single cells of such microorganisms is closely related to the operation and activity of photosynthetic system, any variations in spectroscopic properties of their self-fluorescence indicate the changes in their physiological state. In this chapter, we present several applications of confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) for investigation of living photosynthetic cells. A set of ordinary CLSM techniques will be applied for studying of cyanobacteria (or blue-green algae) such as 3D imaging, spectral imaging, microscopic spectroscopy, and fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP). Cyanobacteria were chosen as a model microorganism due to their great importance for different scientific and biotechnological applications. Cyanobacteria are the most ancient photosynthetic microorganisms on Earth. Nowadays, cyanobacteria are one of the most wide-spreaded organisms in nature, and the ecological aspect in their investigation is quite valuable. On the other hand, thousand strains belonging to different species are cultivated in biolaboratories all over the world for different biotechnological applications such as biofuel cells, food production, pharmaceuticals, fertilizers, etc. Thus, the noninvasive spectroscopic methods are quite important for monitoring of physiological state of cyanobacterial cultures and other photosynthetic microorganisms.","PeriodicalId":432292,"journal":{"name":"Color Detection","volume":"67 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129139760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-17DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.86531
Amanda Pereira Franco dos Santos, Kissya Kropf da Silva, Gisele Alves Borges, L. d'Avila
The quality of automotive fuels—gasoline, diesel, biodiesel, and ethanol—is discussed in the light of their specifications in different countries and regions and in terms of their adulteration, which has such a prejudicial effect on the production chain, distribution chain, tax revenues, the environment, and end consumers. Different ways of adulterating automotive fuels are analyzed, as are the procedures for their detection. Several analytical methods for monitoring quality and detecting adulteration have been addressed in the literature, emphasizing the determination of properties such as density, distillation curve, octane rating, vapor pressure, etc., by means of physicochemical methods and chromatographic and spectrographic techniques, to the detriment of colorimetric methods. This chapter looks at colorimetric techniques designed for quality monitoring and the detection of adulteration in fuels, especially simple, quick, low-cost procedures with potential to be used in the field.
{"title":"Fuel Quality Monitoring by Color Detection","authors":"Amanda Pereira Franco dos Santos, Kissya Kropf da Silva, Gisele Alves Borges, L. d'Avila","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.86531","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.86531","url":null,"abstract":"The quality of automotive fuels—gasoline, diesel, biodiesel, and ethanol—is discussed in the light of their specifications in different countries and regions and in terms of their adulteration, which has such a prejudicial effect on the production chain, distribution chain, tax revenues, the environment, and end consumers. Different ways of adulterating automotive fuels are analyzed, as are the procedures for their detection. Several analytical methods for monitoring quality and detecting adulteration have been addressed in the literature, emphasizing the determination of properties such as density, distillation curve, octane rating, vapor pressure, etc., by means of physicochemical methods and chromatographic and spectrographic techniques, to the detriment of colorimetric methods. This chapter looks at colorimetric techniques designed for quality monitoring and the detection of adulteration in fuels, especially simple, quick, low-cost procedures with potential to be used in the field.","PeriodicalId":432292,"journal":{"name":"Color Detection","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127031133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-03-05DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.84832
M. Dolomatov
The chapter provides new data on color phenomenon that we have discovered in recent years for complex and simple substances. For example, these are the effects of the relationship of physical and chemical properties and color characteristics (in color systems RGB or XYZ) of compounds (color properties principle). In particu-lar, the effects of conjugation of ionization potential and electron affinity of light-absorbing molecules in the visible region were found. The theoretical explanation of these effects from the position of quantum theory is given. Using mathematical statistics, it is shown that the effects can be used for practical measurement of various properties of complex multicomponent substances. The results indicate the practical use of these effects in chemical technology, nanophysics, and medicine.
{"title":"New Results in the Theory and Practical Application of Color","authors":"M. Dolomatov","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.84832","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.84832","url":null,"abstract":"The chapter provides new data on color phenomenon that we have discovered in recent years for complex and simple substances. For example, these are the effects of the relationship of physical and chemical properties and color characteristics (in color systems RGB or XYZ) of compounds (color properties principle). In particu-lar, the effects of conjugation of ionization potential and electron affinity of light-absorbing molecules in the visible region were found. The theoretical explanation of these effects from the position of quantum theory is given. Using mathematical statistics, it is shown that the effects can be used for practical measurement of various properties of complex multicomponent substances. The results indicate the practical use of these effects in chemical technology, nanophysics, and medicine.","PeriodicalId":432292,"journal":{"name":"Color Detection","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114452222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-11-22DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.82227
V. Kılıç, N. Horzum, M. Solmaz
Smartphone-based spectrometer and colorimetry have been gaining relevance due to the widespread advances of devices with increasing computational power, their relatively low cost and portable designs with user-friendly interfaces, and their compatibility with data acquisition and processing for “lab-on-a-chip” systems. They find applications in interdisciplinary fields, including but not limited to medical science, water monitoring, agriculture, and chemical and biological sensing. However, spectrometer and colorimetry designs are challenging tasks in real-life scenarios as several distinctive issues influence the quantitative evaluation process, such as ambient light conditions and device independence. Several approaches have been proposed to overcome the aforementioned challenges and to enhance the performance of smartphone-based colorimetric analysis. This chapter aims at providing researchers with a state-of-the-art overview of smartphone-based spectrometer and colorimetry, which includes hardware designs with 3D printers and sensors and software designs with image processing algorithms and smartphone applications. In addition, assay preparation to mimic the real-life testing environments and performance metrics for quantitative evaluation of proposed designs are presented with the list of new and future trends in this field.
{"title":"From Sophisticated Analysis to Colorimetric Determination: Smartphone Spectrometers and Colorimetry","authors":"V. Kılıç, N. Horzum, M. Solmaz","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.82227","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.82227","url":null,"abstract":"Smartphone-based spectrometer and colorimetry have been gaining relevance due to the widespread advances of devices with increasing computational power, their relatively low cost and portable designs with user-friendly interfaces, and their compatibility with data acquisition and processing for “lab-on-a-chip” systems. They find applications in interdisciplinary fields, including but not limited to medical science, water monitoring, agriculture, and chemical and biological sensing. However, spectrometer and colorimetry designs are challenging tasks in real-life scenarios as several distinctive issues influence the quantitative evaluation process, such as ambient light conditions and device independence. Several approaches have been proposed to overcome the aforementioned challenges and to enhance the performance of smartphone-based colorimetric analysis. This chapter aims at providing researchers with a state-of-the-art overview of smartphone-based spectrometer and colorimetry, which includes hardware designs with 3D printers and sensors and software designs with image processing algorithms and smartphone applications. In addition, assay preparation to mimic the real-life testing environments and performance metrics for quantitative evaluation of proposed designs are presented with the list of new and future trends in this field.","PeriodicalId":432292,"journal":{"name":"Color Detection","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129070215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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