Pub Date : 2023-11-21DOI: 10.18335/region.v10i3.498
Mirko Kruse, Jan Wedemeier
Circular Economy (CE) aspects are becoming increasingly relevant for a sustainable transition and regional development. Still, a methodology to assess regional performance and interregional differences is exclaimed to be missing at least in the European context. This gap makes it difficult to assess policies and evaluate development patterns. The authors present a methodology to overcome this research gap by including several dimensions of social, environmental, and economic CE aspects. The methodology consists of 29 indicators grouped in six dimensions with data obtained from various data bases. A static and a trend index are calculated to compare European NUTS 2 regions in terms of their current CE status and its development over the last years. The new insights paint a more differentiated picture of regional CE transition highlighting that a segregation is observable not so much between North and South or East and West but more between urban and rural regions. Regarding the practical CE implementation in European regions, the instrument of smart specialisation is discussed.
循环经济（CE）与可持续转型和地区发展的关系日益密切。然而，至少在欧洲范围内，评估区域绩效和区域间差异的方法仍然缺失。这一空白使得评估政策和发展模式变得十分困难。作者提出了一种方法，通过纳入社会、环境和经济行政首长协调会的几个方面来克服这一研究空白。该方法由 29 个指标组成，分为六个方面，数据来源于各种数据库。通过计算静态指数和趋势指数，对欧洲 NUTS 2 地区的消费水平现状和过去几年的发展情况进行比较。新的洞察力描绘出了一幅更具差异化的地区 CE 过渡图景，突出显示了南北或东西部之间的隔离，而更多的是城市和农村地区之间的隔离。关于在欧洲地区实际实施行政首长协调会的问题，讨论了智能专业化这一工具。
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Pub Date : 2023-11-16DOI: 10.18335/region.v10i3.468
Gal Benshushan
What do we know about the interrelations between economic inequality, ecology and the increased use of Bitcoin? The aim of the paper was to empirically test the relationship between economic and ecological effects related to the increase in Bitcoin’s network hashrate in a selection of countries that have the highest influx of crypto-mining. To test these three types of relationships, I collected a dataset concerning Bitcoin indicators, economic indicators and ecological indicators that were obtained from multiple trustworthy sources: OECD, World Bank, Fred Data, World Inequality Database (WID). Handling the data challenges, I used this unique panel dataset to explore the relationship between Bitcoin’s hashrate and two types of outcomes: (i) economic outcomes (such as the GDP which as we know relates to inequalities through the Kuznets curve) or direct measures of inequality (such as, income inequality (GINI) and the share of people with top 1% of income and 1% of wealth), and (ii) ecological outcomes (such as carbon emissions, carbon footprint and electronic waste). I found that the Bitcoin currency associates with certain redistribution of wealth, but the accumulation of crypto-currency-related wealth itself remains still concentrated in the wealth of the top 1%. Also, there is evidence for certain nonlinearities in the relationships with the ecological degradation, echoing the concept of the Kuznets curve.
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Pub Date : 2023-10-23DOI: 10.18335/region.v10i3.474
Grigoris Kafkalas, Magda Pitsiava
The article focuses on how the use of evidence in spatial planning could bridge the gap between vision and reality through the continuous evaluation of the spatial impacts of the proposed interventions. The introduction sets the theoretical, institutional, and practical context on how evidence is used to assess these impacts in relation to both the expected outcomes and the pursued policy priorities. The research section addresses these issues based on the empirical and methodological background derived from a series of successive studies carried out between 1999 and 2014. These studies are related to the establishment and operation of the spatial impact observatory of the Egnatia motorway, a major European transport infrastructure project in northern Greece. The results section introduces a methodological approach, succinctly referred to as the IRIS model in which spatial planning is conceived as an adaptive process, and the use of evidence aims to enhance its flexibility and preparedness in dealing with the uncertainties that arise from dynamic conditions, rather than relying solely on predetermined solutions. It comprises three key components: a theoretical model that simulates the relationship between transport infrastructure and spatial development, an intermediate data model in which raw data were constructed as evidence indicators, and a combination of inductive and deductive paths in which evidence is used to assess the anticipated impact of spatial plans and to evaluate the actual spatial outcomes after their implementation. Finally, the conclusions underline the value added of the IRIS approach as a comprehensive and integrative methodology that aims to improve the efficacy of spatial planning by establishing a link between theoretical models, policy objectives, and evidence-based decision-making.
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