This article aims to explore the political mythology created by the Polish government and its subservient organizations with an aim to legitimize quasi-militant democracy as a new form of sacred in the populist discourse during the pandemic. Drawing on theories of political myths and on intertextual qualitative document analysis, the research shows that the sacred appeared in political myths which proved to be an efficient means of gaining public support for all sorts of efforts that undermine democracy. The conspiracy myth established social divisions and produced effects along with the interrelated myths of the savior, unity, and the golden age. The government took on the role of a savior whose mission was to deliver Poles “the people” from the hostile “others” that put their lives and health at risk. Those who desire social and economic help and do not want to be excluded from the community, must submit to the yoke of the savior. The unity myth rested on the vision of Poles as the government’s followers who exposed and reported transgressions for the good of the community. All the limitations to which Poles complied and the denunciatory actions they took were oriented towards the golden age of a strong state, providing social and economic security unique in the post-pandemic world.
{"title":"QUASI-MILITANT DEMOCRACY AS A NEW FORM OF SACRED IN POLAND DURING THE CORONA CRISIS","authors":"J. Rak","doi":"10.5281/ZENODO.4295564","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5281/ZENODO.4295564","url":null,"abstract":"This article aims to explore the political mythology created by the Polish government and its subservient organizations with an aim to legitimize quasi-militant democracy as a new form of sacred in the populist discourse during the pandemic. Drawing on theories of political myths and on intertextual qualitative document analysis, the research shows that the sacred appeared in political myths which proved to be an efficient means of gaining public support for all sorts of efforts that undermine democracy. The conspiracy myth established social divisions and produced effects along with the interrelated myths of the savior, unity, and the golden age. The government took on the role of a savior whose mission was to deliver Poles “the people” from the hostile “others” that put their lives and health at risk. Those who desire social and economic help and do not want to be excluded from the community, must submit to the yoke of the savior. The unity myth rested on the vision of Poles as the government’s followers who exposed and reported transgressions for the good of the community. All the limitations to which Poles complied and the denunciatory actions they took were oriented towards the golden age of a strong state, providing social and economic security unique in the post-pandemic world.","PeriodicalId":43484,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL FOR THE STUDY OF RELIGIONS AND IDEOLOGIES","volume":"19 1","pages":"111-128"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2020-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44475523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The article analyzes the correlation between theology and philosophy and discusses the fundamental possibility of creating Christian philosophy. Historical and experimental theoretical grounds for the possibility of developing Christian philosophy within the framework of Catholicism, Protestantism, and Orthodoxy are consistently analyzed. On the basis of the historical and philosophical analogy, the authors trace the origin of those positions and approaches that have received their detailed substantiation and justification for the relationship with philosophy within these confessions. The problems on the way to the creation of Christian philosophy are revealed. The role of Christian philosophy in Catholicism is examined on the basis of the Thomist concept of the coexistence of theology and philosophy. The approach to the building of Christian philosophy from the standpoint of Protestantism is represented both by its radical branch and by its alternative cultural Protestantism. As the specific characteristics of the Eastern Christian knowledge of God the unity of the contemplative and activity-based path, spiritual cognition and theology are singled out. The importance for Orthodox thought of the apophatic way of cognition, the apophatics of the individual instead of the apothatics of the essence is emphasized (G. Palamas, V. Lossky, D. Staniloae). In the final statements, the authors come to the conclusion of the possibility of Christian philosophy in the Orthodox version, which is the possibility coordinated with Christian dogmatics, an experience of its living, and therefore reasonable comprehension.
本文分析了神学与哲学的关系，探讨了基督教哲学创造的根本可能性。在天主教、新教和东正教的框架内发展基督教哲学的可能性的历史和实验理论基础得到了一致的分析。在历史和哲学类比的基础上，作者追溯了这些立场和方法的起源，这些立场和方法在这些忏悔中得到了详细的证实和与哲学的关系的理由。揭示了基督教哲学创造道路上的问题。基督教哲学在天主教中的作用是在神学和哲学共存的托马斯主义概念的基础上进行检验的。从新教的立场出发构建基督教哲学的途径，既有其激进分支，也有其另类文化的新教。作为东方基督教对上帝的认识的具体特征，冥想和活动为基础的路径，精神认知和神学的统一被挑出来。强调了正教思想的认知方式的重要性，强调了个体的认知而不是本质的认知(G. Palamas, V. Lossky, D. Staniloae)。在最后的陈述中，作者得出了东正教版本的基督教哲学的可能性的结论，这是与基督教教条协调的可能性，它的生活经验，因此是合理的理解。
{"title":"On the Possibility of Christian Philosophy","authors":"V. Belov, M. Ivleva, S. Nizhnikov","doi":"10.2307/j.ctt284x88.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctt284x88.6","url":null,"abstract":"The article analyzes the correlation between theology and philosophy and discusses the fundamental possibility of creating Christian philosophy. Historical and experimental theoretical grounds for the possibility of developing Christian philosophy within the framework of Catholicism, Protestantism, and Orthodoxy are consistently analyzed. On the basis of the historical and philosophical analogy, the authors trace the origin of those positions and approaches that have received their detailed substantiation and justification for the relationship with philosophy within these confessions. The problems on the way to the creation of Christian philosophy are revealed. The role of Christian philosophy in Catholicism is examined on the basis of the Thomist concept of the coexistence of theology and philosophy. The approach to the building of Christian philosophy from the standpoint of Protestantism is represented both by its radical branch and by its alternative cultural Protestantism. As the specific characteristics of the Eastern Christian knowledge of God the unity of the contemplative and activity-based path, spiritual cognition and theology are singled out. The importance for Orthodox thought of the apophatic way of cognition, the apophatics of the individual instead of the apothatics of the essence is emphasized (G. Palamas, V. Lossky, D. Staniloae). In the final statements, the authors come to the conclusion of the possibility of Christian philosophy in the Orthodox version, which is the possibility coordinated with Christian dogmatics, an experience of its living, and therefore reasonable comprehension.","PeriodicalId":43484,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL FOR THE STUDY OF RELIGIONS AND IDEOLOGIES","volume":"18 1","pages":"17-30"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2019-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/j.ctt284x88.6","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44178436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Wittgenstein s remark to Drury that he looks at philosophical problems from a religious point of view has greatly puzzled commentators. The paper argues that the readings given by commentators Malcolm, Winch and Lebron are illuminating, but inadequate. Second, using Wittgenstein s use-conception of meaning as an example, the paper proposes a more adequate reading that emphasizes Wittgenstein s view that nothing is hidden ( Philosophical Investigations , para. 435). In this connection, the paper examines Fodor s critique of Wittgenstein s use-conception and shows how Fodor only refutes a misuse-conception meaning because he presupposes a kind of linguistic meaning, the kind that Wittgenstein emphasizes, that is already before his eyes (and, therefore, prior to Fodor s theories of meaning). Wittgenstein s view that the truth is already before one s eyes is further explained by employing an ethical analogy with Raskolnikov s enlightenment in Dostoevsky s Crime and Punishment . Finally, the paper addresses the difficult question whether Wittgenstein is, despite his own denials, a religious man, and argues that there is a non-trivial religious dimension in Wittgenstein s life but that there are several important senses in which Wittgenstein is correct that he is not a religious person.
{"title":"Wittgenstein: From a Religious Point of View?","authors":"Richard Mcdonough","doi":"10.4324/9780203046241","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203046241","url":null,"abstract":"Wittgenstein s remark to Drury that he looks at philosophical problems from a religious point of view has greatly puzzled commentators. The paper argues that the readings given by commentators Malcolm, Winch and Lebron are illuminating, but inadequate. Second, using Wittgenstein s use-conception of meaning as an example, the paper proposes a more adequate reading that emphasizes Wittgenstein s view that nothing is hidden ( Philosophical Investigations , para. 435). In this connection, the paper examines Fodor s critique of Wittgenstein s use-conception and shows how Fodor only refutes a misuse-conception meaning because he presupposes a kind of linguistic meaning, the kind that Wittgenstein emphasizes, that is already before his eyes (and, therefore, prior to Fodor s theories of meaning). Wittgenstein s view that the truth is already before one s eyes is further explained by employing an ethical analogy with Raskolnikov s enlightenment in Dostoevsky s Crime and Punishment . Finally, the paper addresses the difficult question whether Wittgenstein is, despite his own denials, a religious man, and argues that there is a non-trivial religious dimension in Wittgenstein s life but that there are several important senses in which Wittgenstein is correct that he is not a religious person.","PeriodicalId":43484,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL FOR THE STUDY OF RELIGIONS AND IDEOLOGIES","volume":"15 1","pages":"3-27"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2016-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70571045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2004-01-01DOI: 10.1007/978-94-017-5616-7_34
L. Swidler
{"title":"Freedom Of Religion And Dialogue","authors":"L. Swidler","doi":"10.1007/978-94-017-5616-7_34","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-5616-7_34","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43484,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL FOR THE STUDY OF RELIGIONS AND IDEOLOGIES","volume":"1 1","pages":"761-776"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2004-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"51050801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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