Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.1093/med/9780198827801.003.0009
E. Taylor
This chapter describes the use of medication in alleviating the problems of young people with neurodevelopmental disorders. It gives special emphasis to its use in multiple overlapping conditions and to the long-term impact on functioning. Stimulant and non-stimulant medications for the control of inattention and hyperactivity are reviewed. Antipsychotics for control of agitation and aggression, as well as for the treatment of psychosis, are considered. Pharmacological management of mood and anxiety problems is covered in the context of people with neurodevelopmental disorders. Control of tics, other movement disorders, and sleep problems are included. Practical considerations of prescribing are covered, and cautions about safety include descriptions of adverse events and how to reduce them.
{"title":"Drug Treatments","authors":"E. Taylor","doi":"10.1093/med/9780198827801.003.0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198827801.003.0009","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter describes the use of medication in alleviating the problems of young people with neurodevelopmental disorders. It gives special emphasis to its use in multiple overlapping conditions and to the long-term impact on functioning. Stimulant and non-stimulant medications for the control of inattention and hyperactivity are reviewed. Antipsychotics for control of agitation and aggression, as well as for the treatment of psychosis, are considered. Pharmacological management of mood and anxiety problems is covered in the context of people with neurodevelopmental disorders. Control of tics, other movement disorders, and sleep problems are included. Practical considerations of prescribing are covered, and cautions about safety include descriptions of adverse events and how to reduce them.","PeriodicalId":435403,"journal":{"name":"Developmental Neuropsychiatry","volume":"74 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126473408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.1093/med/9780198827801.003.0003
E. Taylor
This chapter describes the recognition and associations of the syndrome of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), with special reference to the multitude of associated problems. Inattentiveness, overactivity, and impulsiveness are behaviour styles that predict later disadvantage in education, employment, physical health, substance use, mental health, and personal relationships. They very often coexist with features of oppositional disorders, anxiety, and the autism spectrum. These are considered both as differential diagnoses and as multiple morbidities needing to be recognized. Several cognitive limitations, including in executive function, can be identified by psychological testing. Genetic inheritance is a powerful influence. Neuroimaging is detecting an increasing number of changes in brain structure and function. The problems are widespread, but recognition of the syndrome varies between countries. The diagnosis is increasing in frequency over time. Treatment with stimulant medication is often helpful, but there is considerable controversy about how widely to apply it.
{"title":"Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder","authors":"E. Taylor","doi":"10.1093/med/9780198827801.003.0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198827801.003.0003","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter describes the recognition and associations of the syndrome of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), with special reference to the multitude of associated problems. Inattentiveness, overactivity, and impulsiveness are behaviour styles that predict later disadvantage in education, employment, physical health, substance use, mental health, and personal relationships. They very often coexist with features of oppositional disorders, anxiety, and the autism spectrum. These are considered both as differential diagnoses and as multiple morbidities needing to be recognized. Several cognitive limitations, including in executive function, can be identified by psychological testing. Genetic inheritance is a powerful influence. Neuroimaging is detecting an increasing number of changes in brain structure and function. The problems are widespread, but recognition of the syndrome varies between countries. The diagnosis is increasing in frequency over time. Treatment with stimulant medication is often helpful, but there is considerable controversy about how widely to apply it.","PeriodicalId":435403,"journal":{"name":"Developmental Neuropsychiatry","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125077047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.1093/med/9780198827801.003.0008
Eric Taylor
Psychological interventions to promote the quality of life in people with neurodevelopmental difficulties have a range of targets and are not confined to reducing the symptoms. This chapter will describe methods and the trial evidence for them according to their purposes. Explanation and psychoeducation are key methods of helping children, young people, and their families to understand their condition and the limitations it imposes. Symptomatic interventions for tics, hallucinations, impaired impulse control, and disorganization are often applied outside the limitations of single diagnostic categories. Other approaches aim to teach skills to help transdiagnostically with associated problems such as communication difficulties, anxiety, aggression, and self-injury. Yet others aim to alleviate adverse environments, such as isolation from peers, which are encountered by people with any or all of the disorders described in this book. The interventions used include supportive counselling, behavioural techniques, and cognitive methods to create change. Many have been evaluated by controlled trial, and the results will be described as the evidence base to establish which therapies, and for which children, should be priorities for health, education, and care services to provide.
{"title":"Psychological Interventions","authors":"Eric Taylor","doi":"10.1093/med/9780198827801.003.0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198827801.003.0008","url":null,"abstract":"Psychological interventions to promote the quality of life in people with neurodevelopmental difficulties have a range of targets and are not confined to reducing the symptoms. This chapter will describe methods and the trial evidence for them according to their purposes. Explanation and psychoeducation are key methods of helping children, young people, and their families to understand their condition and the limitations it imposes. Symptomatic interventions for tics, hallucinations, impaired impulse control, and disorganization are often applied outside the limitations of single diagnostic categories. Other approaches aim to teach skills to help transdiagnostically with associated problems such as communication difficulties, anxiety, aggression, and self-injury. Yet others aim to alleviate adverse environments, such as isolation from peers, which are encountered by people with any or all of the disorders described in this book. The interventions used include supportive counselling, behavioural techniques, and cognitive methods to create change. Many have been evaluated by controlled trial, and the results will be described as the evidence base to establish which therapies, and for which children, should be priorities for health, education, and care services to provide.","PeriodicalId":435403,"journal":{"name":"Developmental Neuropsychiatry","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123695084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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