Pub Date : 2021-01-31DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.95460
P. Sahoo, Chi-Ang Tseng, Yi-June Huang, Chuan-Pei Lee
Lightweight, flexible, wearable, and portable electronic gadgets have drawn significant attention in modern electronics industry. To power these gadgets, great efforts have been made to develop highly efficient energy-storage equipment. Among various power sources, a supercapacitor, acting as a bridge between the conventional battery and electrolytic capacitor, has been considered a promising portable energy storage device because of its high power density, fast charge/discharge rate, adequate operational safety, and excellent working lifetime. Hybrid supercapacitors, which combine redox materials with carbon-based materials, exhibit tremendous potential to fulfill the requirement of practical applications. In this chapter, we will review recent reports focusing on composite materials (i.e. metal oxide, metal hydroxide, and metal dichalcogenide composited with carbon materials) for the application in supercapacitors. The conclusion and futuristic prospects and challenges of highly efficient supercapacitors are briefly discussed.
{"title":"Carbon-Based Nanocomposite Materials for High-Performance Supercapacitors","authors":"P. Sahoo, Chi-Ang Tseng, Yi-June Huang, Chuan-Pei Lee","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.95460","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.95460","url":null,"abstract":"Lightweight, flexible, wearable, and portable electronic gadgets have drawn significant attention in modern electronics industry. To power these gadgets, great efforts have been made to develop highly efficient energy-storage equipment. Among various power sources, a supercapacitor, acting as a bridge between the conventional battery and electrolytic capacitor, has been considered a promising portable energy storage device because of its high power density, fast charge/discharge rate, adequate operational safety, and excellent working lifetime. Hybrid supercapacitors, which combine redox materials with carbon-based materials, exhibit tremendous potential to fulfill the requirement of practical applications. In this chapter, we will review recent reports focusing on composite materials (i.e. metal oxide, metal hydroxide, and metal dichalcogenide composited with carbon materials) for the application in supercapacitors. The conclusion and futuristic prospects and challenges of highly efficient supercapacitors are briefly discussed.","PeriodicalId":435856,"journal":{"name":"Novel Nanomaterials","volume":"53 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114019237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-13DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.94511
M. Y. Pudza, Z. Abidin
New ways of synthesizing organic-based fluorescent carbon dots (CDs) are required in environmental application. This is crucial for mitigation and control of pollutants without increasing the risk of releasing byproduct pollutants as the case with non-organic (metallic) quantum based substrate. Notably, this study provides current research on sustainable synthesis of CDs and their applications through analytical concept of recent and advance techniques for efficient and optimized processes. New scrutinized methods of synthesis and applications of CDs are beneficial and essential to optimize the state-of-art practices. The value distilled in this study adds to the field of sustainable production and application of CDs.
{"title":"Synthesis and Applications of Organic-Based Fluorescent Carbon Dots: Technical Review","authors":"M. Y. Pudza, Z. Abidin","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.94511","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.94511","url":null,"abstract":"New ways of synthesizing organic-based fluorescent carbon dots (CDs) are required in environmental application. This is crucial for mitigation and control of pollutants without increasing the risk of releasing byproduct pollutants as the case with non-organic (metallic) quantum based substrate. Notably, this study provides current research on sustainable synthesis of CDs and their applications through analytical concept of recent and advance techniques for efficient and optimized processes. New scrutinized methods of synthesis and applications of CDs are beneficial and essential to optimize the state-of-art practices. The value distilled in this study adds to the field of sustainable production and application of CDs.","PeriodicalId":435856,"journal":{"name":"Novel Nanomaterials","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115032773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-06DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.94309
Lenka Lorencova, K. K. Sadasivuni, P. Kasák, J. Tkáč
This chapter provides information about basic properties of MXenes (2D nanomaterials) that are attractive for a design of various types of nanobiosensors. The second part of the chapter discusses MXene synthesis and various protocols for modification of MXene making it a suitable matrix for immobilization of bioreceptors such as antibodies, DNA aptamers or DNA molecules. The final part of the chapter summarizes examples of MXene-based nanobiosensors developed using optical, electrochemical and nanomechanical transducing schemes. Operational characteristics of such devices such as sensitivity, limit of detection, assay time, assay reproducibility and potential for multiplexing are provided. In particular MXene-based nanobiosensors for detection of a number of cancer biomarkers are shown here.
{"title":"Ti3C2 MXene-Based Nanobiosensors for Detection of Cancer Biomarkers","authors":"Lenka Lorencova, K. K. Sadasivuni, P. Kasák, J. Tkáč","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.94309","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.94309","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter provides information about basic properties of MXenes (2D nanomaterials) that are attractive for a design of various types of nanobiosensors. The second part of the chapter discusses MXene synthesis and various protocols for modification of MXene making it a suitable matrix for immobilization of bioreceptors such as antibodies, DNA aptamers or DNA molecules. The final part of the chapter summarizes examples of MXene-based nanobiosensors developed using optical, electrochemical and nanomechanical transducing schemes. Operational characteristics of such devices such as sensitivity, limit of detection, assay time, assay reproducibility and potential for multiplexing are provided. In particular MXene-based nanobiosensors for detection of a number of cancer biomarkers are shown here.","PeriodicalId":435856,"journal":{"name":"Novel Nanomaterials","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123408798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-27DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.94272
V. Barbash, O. Yaschenko
The chapter describes the chemical structure and hierarchical organization of cellulose fibers, characteristics of non-wood plant raw materials (NWPM), and methods for preparing pulp and nanocellulose (NC). NWPM have the necessary reserves and properties to make up for a possible shortage of wood fiber for pulp production. The methodology for evaluating the efficiency of the delignification processes of plant raw materials is presented. A two-stage technology for producing pulp for the preparation of NC by environmentally friendly organosolvent methods of NWPM delignification is proposed. Methods for preparing nanocellulose are described. The technological parameters of the extraction of NC from pulp are discussed. The influence of NC on the properties of composite materials is analyzed. Areas of use for NC from NWPM are shown.
{"title":"Preparation, Properties and Use of Nanocellulose from Non-Wood Plant Materials","authors":"V. Barbash, O. Yaschenko","doi":"10.5772/intechopen.94272","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.94272","url":null,"abstract":"The chapter describes the chemical structure and hierarchical organization of cellulose fibers, characteristics of non-wood plant raw materials (NWPM), and methods for preparing pulp and nanocellulose (NC). NWPM have the necessary reserves and properties to make up for a possible shortage of wood fiber for pulp production. The methodology for evaluating the efficiency of the delignification processes of plant raw materials is presented. A two-stage technology for producing pulp for the preparation of NC by environmentally friendly organosolvent methods of NWPM delignification is proposed. Methods for preparing nanocellulose are described. The technological parameters of the extraction of NC from pulp are discussed. The influence of NC on the properties of composite materials is analyzed. Areas of use for NC from NWPM are shown.","PeriodicalId":435856,"journal":{"name":"Novel Nanomaterials","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128260929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-27DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.94153
Betül Gürünlü, M. Bayramoğlu
In recent years, a great deal of concentration has addressed the electronic and morphological characteristics of carbonaceous substances. Nowadays, particularly, graphene is one of the most popular materials in condensed-matter physics and materials science. It is used in different fields such as desalination of seawater, smartphones, computers, satellites, planes, cars, building materials, obtaining protective coatings and rust-free cars, nuclear clean up, transistors, sensors, electron microscopy, Li ion batteries, super capacitors, and bionics. Mechanical cleaving (exfoliation), chemical exfoliation, chemical synthesis, and thermal chemical vapor deposition (CVD) synthesis are the most commonly used methods today. Some other techniques are also reported such as unzipping nanotube and microwave synthesis. In graphene synthesis, starting material is usually graphite. On the other hand, different starting materials such as rice husks, fenugreek seeds, hibiscus flower petals, camphor, alfalfa plants, petroleum asphalt are used as a carbon source for graphene synthesis. In this study, alternative methods for graphene synthesis specially microwave irradiation and ultrasound energy were studied, and the performances of the final products were compared with the help of different characterization techniques. Advantages and drawbacks of these methods were clearly discussed for enhancing the understanding of the graphene synthesis phenomena.
{"title":"Investigation of Alternative Techniques for Graphene Synthesis","authors":"Betül Gürünlü, M. Bayramoğlu","doi":"10.5772/intechopen.94153","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.94153","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, a great deal of concentration has addressed the electronic and morphological characteristics of carbonaceous substances. Nowadays, particularly, graphene is one of the most popular materials in condensed-matter physics and materials science. It is used in different fields such as desalination of seawater, smartphones, computers, satellites, planes, cars, building materials, obtaining protective coatings and rust-free cars, nuclear clean up, transistors, sensors, electron microscopy, Li ion batteries, super capacitors, and bionics. Mechanical cleaving (exfoliation), chemical exfoliation, chemical synthesis, and thermal chemical vapor deposition (CVD) synthesis are the most commonly used methods today. Some other techniques are also reported such as unzipping nanotube and microwave synthesis. In graphene synthesis, starting material is usually graphite. On the other hand, different starting materials such as rice husks, fenugreek seeds, hibiscus flower petals, camphor, alfalfa plants, petroleum asphalt are used as a carbon source for graphene synthesis. In this study, alternative methods for graphene synthesis specially microwave irradiation and ultrasound energy were studied, and the performances of the final products were compared with the help of different characterization techniques. Advantages and drawbacks of these methods were clearly discussed for enhancing the understanding of the graphene synthesis phenomena.","PeriodicalId":435856,"journal":{"name":"Novel Nanomaterials","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134349540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-07DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.93958
R. Ramachandran, Zongxiang Xu, Fei Wang
After discovering graphene, the two-dimensional materials have gained considerable interest in the electrochemical applications, especially in energy conversion, storage, and bio-sensors. Siloxene, a novel two-dimensional low-buckled structure of Si networks with unique properties, has received the researcher’s attention for a wide range of applications. Though the electronic and optical properties of siloxene have been explored in detail previously, there is a lack of electrochemistry studies of siloxene as the result of material degradation, and the investigation is still open-ended to enhance the electrochemical application. Recently, siloxene has been used for supercapacitor, lithium-ion batteries, and dopamine bio-marker detections. This chapter highlights the recent development of siloxene synthesis and its electrochemical properties in energy and sensor applications. The plannar Si structure with Si6 rings interconnected with different oxygen, hydroxyl functional groups, and large interlayer spacing of siloxene sheets can promote the active sites for enhanced electrochemical performance. This chapter provides the current state-of-the-art in the field and a perspective for future development in the electrochemistry field of siloxene.
{"title":"Novel Two-Dimensional Siloxene Material for Electrochemical Energy Storage and Sensor Applications","authors":"R. Ramachandran, Zongxiang Xu, Fei Wang","doi":"10.5772/intechopen.93958","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.93958","url":null,"abstract":"After discovering graphene, the two-dimensional materials have gained considerable interest in the electrochemical applications, especially in energy conversion, storage, and bio-sensors. Siloxene, a novel two-dimensional low-buckled structure of Si networks with unique properties, has received the researcher’s attention for a wide range of applications. Though the electronic and optical properties of siloxene have been explored in detail previously, there is a lack of electrochemistry studies of siloxene as the result of material degradation, and the investigation is still open-ended to enhance the electrochemical application. Recently, siloxene has been used for supercapacitor, lithium-ion batteries, and dopamine bio-marker detections. This chapter highlights the recent development of siloxene synthesis and its electrochemical properties in energy and sensor applications. The plannar Si structure with Si6 rings interconnected with different oxygen, hydroxyl functional groups, and large interlayer spacing of siloxene sheets can promote the active sites for enhanced electrochemical performance. This chapter provides the current state-of-the-art in the field and a perspective for future development in the electrochemistry field of siloxene.","PeriodicalId":435856,"journal":{"name":"Novel Nanomaterials","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132993226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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