Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.1093/med/9780190939120.003.0009
D. DeGrazia, T. Beauchamp
Research involving animals has advanced since its inception without the aid of a framework of general moral principles. The need for such a framework might therefore be doubted, but several developments call for a reconsideration and reconstruction of animal research ethics. First, public concerns about animal welfare have increased substantially in recent decades and continue to increase. Second, the scientific study of animals has afforded a wealth of new insights into their behaviors, mental lives, and basic needs. Third, animal ethics emerged in the last quarter of the twentieth century as an important field of interdisciplinary scholarship and has expanded for several decades, frequently challenging traditional ways of thinking about animals’ moral status and human responsibilities for their care and use....
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Pub Date : 2019-12-30DOI: 10.1093/med/9780190939120.003.0001
T. Beauchamp, D. DeGrazia
The centerpiece section of this book on animal research ethics presents a new moral framework of general principles. It is preceded in the front matter by a preamble that explains the overall project in the book as well as in the sections specifically on the six principles. The centerpiece section first discusses the essential place of ethical justification in the animal research arena and then presents the framework of three principles of social benefit and three principles of animal welfare. Next it examines both the critical role played by ethics committees in a well-functioning system of ethical review of animal research and the idea of scientific necessity as a justification for harming animal subjects. The section closes with an analysis of the influential Three-Rs framework, as presented in Russell and Burch’s Principles of Humane Experimental Technique. Despite the Three Rs’ important advance in the promotion of animal welfare, it does not adequately address the costs and benefits of animal research to human beings and lacks a comprehensive program of animal-subjects protection.
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