Pub Date : 2023-05-01DOI: 10.1109/GREENS59328.2023.00009
Lorena Poenaru-Olaru, June Sallou, Luís Cruz, Jan S. Rellermeyer, A. V. Deursen
Deployed machine learning systems often suffer from accuracy degradation over time generated by constant data shifts, also known as concept drift. Therefore, these systems require regular maintenance, in which the machine learning model needs to be adapted to concept drift. The literature presents plenty of model adaptation techniques. The most common technique is periodically executing the whole training pipeline with all the data gathered until a particular point in time, yielding a massive energy footprint. In this paper, we propose a research path that uses concept drift detection and adaptation to enable sustainable AI systems.
{"title":"Retrain AI Systems Responsibly! Use Sustainable Concept Drift Adaptation Techniques","authors":"Lorena Poenaru-Olaru, June Sallou, Luís Cruz, Jan S. Rellermeyer, A. V. Deursen","doi":"10.1109/GREENS59328.2023.00009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/GREENS59328.2023.00009","url":null,"abstract":"Deployed machine learning systems often suffer from accuracy degradation over time generated by constant data shifts, also known as concept drift. Therefore, these systems require regular maintenance, in which the machine learning model needs to be adapted to concept drift. The literature presents plenty of model adaptation techniques. The most common technique is periodically executing the whole training pipeline with all the data gathered until a particular point in time, yielding a massive energy footprint. In this paper, we propose a research path that uses concept drift detection and adaptation to enable sustainable AI systems.","PeriodicalId":438486,"journal":{"name":"2023 IEEE/ACM 7th International Workshop on Green And Sustainable Software (GREENS)","volume":"44 6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131086698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-01DOI: 10.1109/GREENS59328.2023.00008
Carolina Neves, Chia-Yu Lin, Srishti Nigam, Daumantas Patapas, Ander Eguiluz, Tanjina Islam, I. Malavolta
Context. A new architecture for Android apps has been recently introduced. It is called single-activity app architecture and it results in Android apps with a completely different structure and runtime behaviour when transitions among screens. Goal. The goal of this research is to assess the impact of the new single-activity architecture on the energy consumption, CPU usage, and memory usage of Android apps. Method. We developed four Android apps: two apps following the single-activity architecture (with basic and advanced complexity) and two apps following the traditional architecture (with basic and advanced complexity). Then, we measure all of them in terms of energy consumption, CPU usage, and memory usage and statistically analyse the collected measures. Results. Our results show a significant difference between single-activity and multiple-activity architecture for the dataset of Energy consumption (advanced complexity app) and Memory usage (basic complexity app) measurements. Conclusions. This study provides evidence that there is a significant difference in energy consumption between the single-activity and multiple-activity architecture on both basic and advanced Android apps.
{"title":"A Study on the Energy Consumption and Performance of Single-Activity Android Apps","authors":"Carolina Neves, Chia-Yu Lin, Srishti Nigam, Daumantas Patapas, Ander Eguiluz, Tanjina Islam, I. Malavolta","doi":"10.1109/GREENS59328.2023.00008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/GREENS59328.2023.00008","url":null,"abstract":"Context. A new architecture for Android apps has been recently introduced. It is called single-activity app architecture and it results in Android apps with a completely different structure and runtime behaviour when transitions among screens. Goal. The goal of this research is to assess the impact of the new single-activity architecture on the energy consumption, CPU usage, and memory usage of Android apps. Method. We developed four Android apps: two apps following the single-activity architecture (with basic and advanced complexity) and two apps following the traditional architecture (with basic and advanced complexity). Then, we measure all of them in terms of energy consumption, CPU usage, and memory usage and statistically analyse the collected measures. Results. Our results show a significant difference between single-activity and multiple-activity architecture for the dataset of Energy consumption (advanced complexity app) and Memory usage (basic complexity app) measurements. Conclusions. This study provides evidence that there is a significant difference in energy consumption between the single-activity and multiple-activity architecture on both basic and advanced Android apps.","PeriodicalId":438486,"journal":{"name":"2023 IEEE/ACM 7th International Workshop on Green And Sustainable Software (GREENS)","volume":"229 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115743358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-01DOI: 10.1109/GREENS59328.2023.00011
Mehul Warade, Kevin Lee, Chathurika Ranaweera, Jean-Guy Schneider
Optimizing computation for energy consumption and performance requires consideration of the following three key factors: the energy consumption of the resources used; the performance of the workflow; and the time it takes to complete the computation. The increasing complexity of today's computing systems makes it essential to ensure that the resources allocated to a workload are used in the most effective and cost-efficient manner. In this paper, the importance of optimal scheduling solutions for scientific workflow computation is presented. A generic framework is proposed that takes into consideration the user constraints, performance, and factors that affect the energy consumption of different computations to develop an optimal schedule for workflow execution. The aim of the framework will be to improve the energy consumption and performance of the computation. The study also aims to motivate research in energy-efficient optimized scheduling.
{"title":"Optimising workflow execution for energy consumption and performance","authors":"Mehul Warade, Kevin Lee, Chathurika Ranaweera, Jean-Guy Schneider","doi":"10.1109/GREENS59328.2023.00011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/GREENS59328.2023.00011","url":null,"abstract":"Optimizing computation for energy consumption and performance requires consideration of the following three key factors: the energy consumption of the resources used; the performance of the workflow; and the time it takes to complete the computation. The increasing complexity of today's computing systems makes it essential to ensure that the resources allocated to a workload are used in the most effective and cost-efficient manner. In this paper, the importance of optimal scheduling solutions for scientific workflow computation is presented. A generic framework is proposed that takes into consideration the user constraints, performance, and factors that affect the energy consumption of different computations to develop an optimal schedule for workflow execution. The aim of the framework will be to improve the energy consumption and performance of the computation. The study also aims to motivate research in energy-efficient optimized scheduling.","PeriodicalId":438486,"journal":{"name":"2023 IEEE/ACM 7th International Workshop on Green And Sustainable Software (GREENS)","volume":"58 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133997498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-01DOI: 10.1109/GREENS59328.2023.00007
Farid Edrisi, Mehdi Saman Azari
Digital Twin is an emerging technology that is used for different purposes, e.g monitoring, optimization, prediction, etc., in a wide range of real-world applications. Manufacturing is the most prevalent industry employing digital twin technology to achieve sustainability through enhancing smartness and intelligence. In this regard, several literature reviews have been established on the digital twin's role in sustainable manufacturing development. However, despite the importance of assessment and evaluation of developed sustainable actions and policies, and the high capability of the digital twin concept to support it, there is a lack of effort to systematically review the current state-of-the-art on the contribution of the digital twin in sustainability assessment and policy evaluation. By conducting a systematic literature review, this paper seeks to close this gap. By applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, 12 relevant papers are identified to be analyzed in more detail. The results show the ongoing effort on developing architectural frameworks and cutting-edge methodologies for integrating Digital Twin with conventional sustainability assessment and policy evaluation approaches. However, its potential benefits are not fully utilized, as evidenced by the limited effort put forth in this direction.
{"title":"Digital Twin for Sustainability Assessment and Policy Evaluation: A Systematic Literature Review","authors":"Farid Edrisi, Mehdi Saman Azari","doi":"10.1109/GREENS59328.2023.00007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/GREENS59328.2023.00007","url":null,"abstract":"Digital Twin is an emerging technology that is used for different purposes, e.g monitoring, optimization, prediction, etc., in a wide range of real-world applications. Manufacturing is the most prevalent industry employing digital twin technology to achieve sustainability through enhancing smartness and intelligence. In this regard, several literature reviews have been established on the digital twin's role in sustainable manufacturing development. However, despite the importance of assessment and evaluation of developed sustainable actions and policies, and the high capability of the digital twin concept to support it, there is a lack of effort to systematically review the current state-of-the-art on the contribution of the digital twin in sustainability assessment and policy evaluation. By conducting a systematic literature review, this paper seeks to close this gap. By applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, 12 relevant papers are identified to be analyzed in more detail. The results show the ongoing effort on developing architectural frameworks and cutting-edge methodologies for integrating Digital Twin with conventional sustainability assessment and policy evaluation approaches. However, its potential benefits are not fully utilized, as evidenced by the limited effort put forth in this direction.","PeriodicalId":438486,"journal":{"name":"2023 IEEE/ACM 7th International Workshop on Green And Sustainable Software (GREENS)","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128323489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-01DOI: 10.1109/GREENS59328.2023.00013
Samdyuti Suri, S. Das, Kuntal Dey, Kapil Singi, V. Sharma, Vikrant S. Kaulgud
Retraining is an essential process for the sustainability of any production Machine Learning (ML) model and/or any software with ML based components, as retraining addresses the problem of data shift. However, uncertainty from different sources makes the successful retraining a challenging task. Here, we provide an outline of a multi-armed bandit based decision framework, which can address the uncertainty related to a retraining framework of any production ML model.
{"title":"Sustain the Smartness: From Smart Things to Sustainable Smart Things","authors":"Samdyuti Suri, S. Das, Kuntal Dey, Kapil Singi, V. Sharma, Vikrant S. Kaulgud","doi":"10.1109/GREENS59328.2023.00013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/GREENS59328.2023.00013","url":null,"abstract":"Retraining is an essential process for the sustainability of any production Machine Learning (ML) model and/or any software with ML based components, as retraining addresses the problem of data shift. However, uncertainty from different sources makes the successful retraining a challenging task. Here, we provide an outline of a multi-armed bandit based decision framework, which can address the uncertainty related to a retraining framework of any production ML model.","PeriodicalId":438486,"journal":{"name":"2023 IEEE/ACM 7th International Workshop on Green And Sustainable Software (GREENS)","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132367928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-01DOI: 10.1109/greens59328.2023.00001
{"title":"Half Title Page","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/greens59328.2023.00001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/greens59328.2023.00001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":438486,"journal":{"name":"2023 IEEE/ACM 7th International Workshop on Green And Sustainable Software (GREENS)","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124264564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-01DOI: 10.1109/GREENS59328.2023.00010
Malte Heithoff, A. Hellwig, Judith Michael, Bernhard Rumpe
Sustainable software systems aim to create resource-efficient software products and reduce the carbon impact of applications. Current approaches for sustainability assessment of software are either only focused on their operation or rely on methods in their engineering. More holistic approaches for sustainable software system spanning are missing. Thus, we are interested in the engineering of sustainable software systems together with the monitoring of their sustainability goals over their whole lifetime. Within this paper, we suggest using digital twins to accompany software systems in all life cycle phases with a specific focus on using model-driven engineering methods for the creation of applications. We can generate accompanying digital twins which share relevant models and data with the actual system and provide services for the assessment of sustainability indicators. In the long run, this provides us with better assessment options for software systems.
{"title":"Digital Twins for Sustainable Software Systems","authors":"Malte Heithoff, A. Hellwig, Judith Michael, Bernhard Rumpe","doi":"10.1109/GREENS59328.2023.00010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/GREENS59328.2023.00010","url":null,"abstract":"Sustainable software systems aim to create resource-efficient software products and reduce the carbon impact of applications. Current approaches for sustainability assessment of software are either only focused on their operation or rely on methods in their engineering. More holistic approaches for sustainable software system spanning are missing. Thus, we are interested in the engineering of sustainable software systems together with the monitoring of their sustainability goals over their whole lifetime. Within this paper, we suggest using digital twins to accompany software systems in all life cycle phases with a specific focus on using model-driven engineering methods for the creation of applications. We can generate accompanying digital twins which share relevant models and data with the actual system and provide services for the assessment of sustainability indicators. In the long run, this provides us with better assessment options for software systems.","PeriodicalId":438486,"journal":{"name":"2023 IEEE/ACM 7th International Workshop on Green And Sustainable Software (GREENS)","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117227956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-01DOI: 10.1109/GREENS59328.2023.00012
Alicia JW Takaoka, Dirk Ahlers, Ferdinand Ward Ådlandsvik, Eivind Syrdalen Dovland, M. L. Jaccheri
Climate change is an existential threat to Europe and the world, and is impacting and influencing people. At the same time, the urbanization of the world is increasing, meaning that these challenges need to be solved mainly in cities. Cities are also increasingly using digital technologies to become smarter, which will be a crucial part of the future cities. The EU has initiated the European Green Deal in order to overcome these challenges, and to make Europe the first climate neutral continent by 2050. A part of this is the EU Cities Mission aiming for climate-neutral transitions in frontrunner cities by 2030. The EU-funded project Creating Actionable Futures (CrAFt) bridges these ambitions with the New European Bauhaus principles, to ensure that climate-neutral transitions in cities will be sustainable, inclusive, and beautiful. This systematic literature review was performed to understand digital tools in this specific context.
{"title":"Towards understanding digital support contributing to climate neutral, inclusive, and beautiful cities: A systematic literature review","authors":"Alicia JW Takaoka, Dirk Ahlers, Ferdinand Ward Ådlandsvik, Eivind Syrdalen Dovland, M. L. Jaccheri","doi":"10.1109/GREENS59328.2023.00012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/GREENS59328.2023.00012","url":null,"abstract":"Climate change is an existential threat to Europe and the world, and is impacting and influencing people. At the same time, the urbanization of the world is increasing, meaning that these challenges need to be solved mainly in cities. Cities are also increasingly using digital technologies to become smarter, which will be a crucial part of the future cities. The EU has initiated the European Green Deal in order to overcome these challenges, and to make Europe the first climate neutral continent by 2050. A part of this is the EU Cities Mission aiming for climate-neutral transitions in frontrunner cities by 2030. The EU-funded project Creating Actionable Futures (CrAFt) bridges these ambitions with the New European Bauhaus principles, to ensure that climate-neutral transitions in cities will be sustainable, inclusive, and beautiful. This systematic literature review was performed to understand digital tools in this specific context.","PeriodicalId":438486,"journal":{"name":"2023 IEEE/ACM 7th International Workshop on Green And Sustainable Software (GREENS)","volume":"98 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115003407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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