Science and Technology of Archaeological Research最新文献

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Direct dating confirms the presence of otter and badger in early Holocene Ireland 直接年代测定证实了全新世早期爱尔兰存在水獭和獾

Q1 Arts and Humanities

Science and Technology of Archaeological Research

Pub Date : 2023-09-25 DOI: 10.1080/20548923.2023.2253082

Robert C. Power, Ingelise Stuijts, Finbar McCormick, Sahra Talamo

The origin of Ireland’s fauna is an unresolved issue in the history of the island. Although researchers once considered Ireland’s mammals to have spread to Ireland during the early postglacial from 11,700 cal BP, research has increasingly suggested humans translocated many of these species to Ireland. However, due to sparse evidence, the origin of Ireland’s purported native mustelid species remains unanswered. In this study, we shed light on the history of otter and badger in Ireland by directly dating suspected early examples of these species from Derragh, Co. Longford, a late Mesolithic campsite. The results demonstrate that both of these species have been present in Ireland for at least 7000–8000 years. It is not clear if they represent self-colonisers or Mesolithic anthropogenic translocations. Although these finds do not rule out local extinction and later reintroduction, they show that we can no longer assume they are solely late Holocene introductions.

爱尔兰动物群的起源是该岛历史上一个悬而未决的问题。尽管研究人员曾经认为，爱尔兰的哺乳动物是在距今11,700 cal BP的冰期后早期传播到爱尔兰的，但越来越多的研究表明，人类将许多这些物种转移到了爱尔兰。然而，由于证据稀少，爱尔兰本土鼬鼠物种的起源仍然没有答案。在这项研究中，我们通过直接确定这些物种的早期样本的年代，揭示了爱尔兰水獭和獾的历史，这些样本来自中石器时代晚期的营地Derragh, Co. Longford。结果表明，这两个物种在爱尔兰已经存在了至少7000-8000年。目前尚不清楚他们是自我殖民者还是中石器时代的人为迁移。虽然这些发现不能排除局部灭绝和后来重新引入的可能性，但它们表明我们不能再假设它们仅仅是全新世晚期的引入。

引用次数: 0

Archaeometallurgical research into the ironworking activities of the Medieval Harbour at Hoeke (Belgium) 对Hoeke中世纪港口炼铁活动的考古冶金学研究(比利时)

Q1 Arts and Humanities

Science and Technology of Archaeological Research

Pub Date : 2023-09-21 DOI: 10.1080/20548923.2023.2257067

Paulina Biernacka, Wim De Clercq, Stijn Dewaele, Frank Vanhaecke, Johan De Grave

引用次数: 0

"Here we go again": the inspection of collagen extraction protocols for ¹⁴C dating and palaeodietary analysis. “又来了”:检查胶原蛋白提取方案，用于14C测年和古饮食分析。

IF 3.5 Q1 Arts and Humanities

Science and Technology of Archaeological Research

Pub Date : 2021-07-20 eCollection Date: 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/20548923.2021.1944479

Sahra Talamo, Helen Fewlass, Raquel Maria, Klervia Jaouen

Archaeological bone collagen is highly useful for radiocarbon (¹⁴C) dating and palaeodietary reconstruction. However, collagen preservation and carbon contamination are essential considerations when extracting collagen, becoming especially crucial close to the limit of the method (50,000 years before present = BP). Strong progress has been achieved in the past two decades by ¹⁴C and stable isotopic laboratories in removing contamination from archaeological bones, but different pretreatment protocols have been proven to produce varying results. Here we compare three collagen extraction protocols used for palaeodietary studies and ¹⁴C dating, considering collagen yield, elemental and stable isotopic data, FTIR analysis, and ¹⁴C dates. We focus on the impact of ultrafiltration on the yield and quality of the extracted material. The results again underline the importance of rigorous decontamination methods to gain accurate ¹⁴C dates and demonstrate that different protocols have significant effects on the quality and yield of extracted collagen.

考古骨胶原对放射性碳(14C)测年和古饮食重建非常有用。然而，在提取胶原蛋白时，胶原蛋白的保存和碳污染是必不可少的考虑因素，在接近该方法的极限时(距今5万年= BP)变得尤为重要。在过去的二十年里，14C和稳定同位素实验室在去除考古骨骼中的污染方面取得了很大的进展，但不同的预处理方案已被证明产生不同的结果。在这里，我们比较了三种用于古饮食研究和14C测年的胶原提取方案，考虑了胶原产量、元素和稳定同位素数据、FTIR分析和14C测年。我们重点研究了超滤对萃取物收率和质量的影响。结果再次强调了严格的去污方法对获得准确的14C日期的重要性，并表明不同的方案对提取的胶原蛋白的质量和产量有显著影响。

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引用次数: 25

Preservation of the metaproteome: variability of protein preservation in ancient dental calculus. 元蛋白质组的保存:古代牙石中蛋白质保存的可变性。

IF 3.5 Q1 Arts and Humanities

Science and Technology of Archaeological Research

Pub Date : 2017-08-11 eCollection Date: 2017-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/20548923.2017.1361629

Meaghan Mackie, Jessica Hendy, Abigail D Lowe, Alessandra Sperduti, Malin Holst, Matthew J Collins, Camilla F Speller

Proteomic analysis of dental calculus is emerging as a powerful tool for disease and dietary characterisation of archaeological populations. To better understand the variability in protein results from dental calculus, we analysed 21 samples from three Roman-period populations to compare: 1) the quantity of extracted protein; 2) the number of mass spectral queries; and 3) the number of peptide spectral matches and protein identifications. We found little correlation between the quantity of calculus analysed and total protein identifications, as well as no systematic trends between site location and protein preservation. We identified a wide range of individual variability, which may be associated with the mechanisms of calculus formation and/or post-depositional contamination, in addition to taphonomic factors. Our results suggest dental calculus is indeed a stable, long-term reservoir of proteins as previously reported, but further systematic studies are needed to identify mechanisms associated with protein entrapment and survival in dental calculus.

牙结石的蛋白质组学分析正在成为考古人群疾病和饮食特征的有力工具。为了更好地了解牙石中蛋白质结果的可变性，我们分析了来自三个罗马时期人群的21个样本进行比较:1)提取蛋白质的数量;2)质谱查询次数;3)肽谱匹配和蛋白质鉴定的数量。我们发现分析的结石数量与总蛋白鉴定之间的相关性很小，位点位置与蛋白质保存之间也没有系统的趋势。我们发现了广泛的个体差异，这可能与微积分形成和/或沉积后污染的机制有关，此外还有埋藏学因素。我们的研究结果表明，正如之前报道的那样，牙石确实是一个稳定的、长期的蛋白质储存库，但需要进一步的系统研究来确定与牙石中蛋白质包裹和存活相关的机制。

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引用次数: 36

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