Pub Date : 2023-03-01DOI: 10.3366/arabic.2023.0006
Y. Al-Rojaie
This study provides a brief state-of-the-art overview of sociolinguistic research in Saudi Arabia. It begins with a historical review of the language situation in Saudi Arabia in an attempt to relate the past situation with current language use, focusing on studies that examine Arabic dialects of major tribes and urban centers in the Arabian Peninsula before and after the creation of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. It continues with a schematic survey of major trends in Saudi sociolinguistic works over the past few decades, including language variation and change, language contact, language attitudes, and code-switching. As such trends unfolded, researchers investigated the processes of dialect contact, mixing, and, ultimately, koineization and followed, in particular, the socioeconomic changes that Saudi Arabia has witnessed in terms of the spread of education, population movements, and urbanization patterns. Special attention is given to the various sociolinguistic methods employed in such works, as well as the linguistic features that are examined. This study concluded with future directions for Saudi sociolinguistic research in an effort to highlight topics and concerns that need further research, such as certain sociolects and ethnolects, and also new topics and trends associated with language use in social media, particularly by the younger generation.
{"title":"Sociolinguistics in Saudi Arabia: Present situation and future directions","authors":"Y. Al-Rojaie","doi":"10.3366/arabic.2023.0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3366/arabic.2023.0006","url":null,"abstract":"This study provides a brief state-of-the-art overview of sociolinguistic research in Saudi Arabia. It begins with a historical review of the language situation in Saudi Arabia in an attempt to relate the past situation with current language use, focusing on studies that examine Arabic dialects of major tribes and urban centers in the Arabian Peninsula before and after the creation of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. It continues with a schematic survey of major trends in Saudi sociolinguistic works over the past few decades, including language variation and change, language contact, language attitudes, and code-switching. As such trends unfolded, researchers investigated the processes of dialect contact, mixing, and, ultimately, koineization and followed, in particular, the socioeconomic changes that Saudi Arabia has witnessed in terms of the spread of education, population movements, and urbanization patterns. Special attention is given to the various sociolinguistic methods employed in such works, as well as the linguistic features that are examined. This study concluded with future directions for Saudi sociolinguistic research in an effort to highlight topics and concerns that need further research, such as certain sociolects and ethnolects, and also new topics and trends associated with language use in social media, particularly by the younger generation.","PeriodicalId":441424,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Arabic Sociolinguistics","volume":"535 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127064447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-01DOI: 10.3366/arabic.2023.0008
Hasnaa Essam Farag
{"title":"Language, identity, and Syrian political activism on social media","authors":"Hasnaa Essam Farag","doi":"10.3366/arabic.2023.0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3366/arabic.2023.0008","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":441424,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Arabic Sociolinguistics","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133669629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-01DOI: 10.3366/arabic.2023.0003
R. Habib
This study empirically investigates the structural and social variation of five negators, maa ‘not’, muu ‘not’, laʔ ‘no’, laa ‘no/imperative not’, and wa-laa ‘(and) no/not/imperative not’, in the naturally occurring Syrian Arabic speech of 72 speakers. It quantitatively analyzes the frequency of all possible grammatical/pragmatic functions and/or following structural contexts for each negator; whether certain negators favor certain functions/contexts; and whether generational, sex, and/or age differences exist. The findings show correlation between certain negators and certain functions/contexts. The most frequent negator, maa, occurs most frequently in four contexts, yet shows encroachment on muu’s contexts. The differences in laʔ’s, laa’s, and wa-laa’s functions/contexts, despite some similarities, and ability to operate independently support treating them separately. Sex, age, and/or generational differences emerged as statistically significant regarding the use of some negators. The generational differences of children using more laʔ and adults more laa reflect societal norms that disfavor children giving commands or sounding authoritative yet allow emphatic/assertive negation with the more forcefully sounding laaʔ. The findings have implications for teachers and learners of Arabic regarding implementing these negators in real-life interactions. They also show that negators may have unexpected meanings and functions and may occur favorably in contexts where they are unexpected.
本研究实证调查了72位叙利亚阿拉伯语使用者的自然语言中五个否定词maa ' not '， muu ' not '， la ' ' no '， laa ' no/祈使性not '和wa-laa ' (and) no/not/祈使性not '的结构和社会变化。它定量分析了每个否定句所有可能的语法/语用功能和/或后续结构语境的频率;某些否定者是否喜欢某些功能/上下文;以及是否存在代际、性别和/或年龄差异。研究结果表明，某些否定词与某些功能/语境之间存在相关性。最常见的否定词maa在四种语境中出现的频率最高，但对muu的语境表现出侵犯性。尽管有一些相似之处，但la / laa、laa和wa-laa的功能/上下文的差异以及独立操作的能力支持将它们分开对待。性别、年龄和/或代际差异在使用某些否定词方面具有统计学意义。儿童使用更多的“la”和成人使用更多的“laa”的代际差异反映了社会规范，即不喜欢儿童发出命令或听起来权威，但允许使用更有力的“laa”来强调/自信地否定。这些发现对阿拉伯语的教师和学习者在现实生活中如何运用这些否定因素具有启示意义。他们还表明，否定词可能具有意想不到的意义和功能，并可能在意想不到的语境中有利地出现。
{"title":"Syrian Arabic negators' structural and social variation: Evidence from a supralocal-negation variety","authors":"R. Habib","doi":"10.3366/arabic.2023.0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3366/arabic.2023.0003","url":null,"abstract":"This study empirically investigates the structural and social variation of five negators, maa ‘not’, muu ‘not’, laʔ ‘no’, laa ‘no/imperative not’, and wa-laa ‘(and) no/not/imperative not’, in the naturally occurring Syrian Arabic speech of 72 speakers. It quantitatively analyzes the frequency of all possible grammatical/pragmatic functions and/or following structural contexts for each negator; whether certain negators favor certain functions/contexts; and whether generational, sex, and/or age differences exist. The findings show correlation between certain negators and certain functions/contexts. The most frequent negator, maa, occurs most frequently in four contexts, yet shows encroachment on muu’s contexts. The differences in laʔ’s, laa’s, and wa-laa’s functions/contexts, despite some similarities, and ability to operate independently support treating them separately. Sex, age, and/or generational differences emerged as statistically significant regarding the use of some negators. The generational differences of children using more laʔ and adults more laa reflect societal norms that disfavor children giving commands or sounding authoritative yet allow emphatic/assertive negation with the more forcefully sounding laaʔ. The findings have implications for teachers and learners of Arabic regarding implementing these negators in real-life interactions. They also show that negators may have unexpected meanings and functions and may occur favorably in contexts where they are unexpected.","PeriodicalId":441424,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Arabic Sociolinguistics","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114970852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-01DOI: 10.3366/arabic.2023.0004
C. Joukhadar
This article examines the sociolinguistic distribution of non-verbal negation in Zgharta Arabic, based on sociolinguistic interviews conducted in the Lebanese town of Zgharta. Quantitative data analysis shows that young, middle-class speakers are leading a change in progress towards an increased usage of the capital Beirut variant, while old, working-class members tend to favor the more local negators. The factor of gender was overall reported as statistically insignificant, but cross-tabulating gender with age reveals significant gender differences among the middle-aged and old groups. It is argued that Zghartawis design their language in order to project traits that match their social status and satisfy their communicative needs. This study is among the first to reveal a linguistic change in progress in Lebanon, an area whose sociolinguistic configurations remain underexplored. It also enhances our understanding of the role of dialect contact and urbanization in the Arabic-speaking world.
{"title":"The social distribution of non-verbal negation in the Lebanese Arabic of Zgharta","authors":"C. Joukhadar","doi":"10.3366/arabic.2023.0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3366/arabic.2023.0004","url":null,"abstract":"This article examines the sociolinguistic distribution of non-verbal negation in Zgharta Arabic, based on sociolinguistic interviews conducted in the Lebanese town of Zgharta. Quantitative data analysis shows that young, middle-class speakers are leading a change in progress towards an increased usage of the capital Beirut variant, while old, working-class members tend to favor the more local negators. The factor of gender was overall reported as statistically insignificant, but cross-tabulating gender with age reveals significant gender differences among the middle-aged and old groups. It is argued that Zghartawis design their language in order to project traits that match their social status and satisfy their communicative needs. This study is among the first to reveal a linguistic change in progress in Lebanon, an area whose sociolinguistic configurations remain underexplored. It also enhances our understanding of the role of dialect contact and urbanization in the Arabic-speaking world.","PeriodicalId":441424,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Arabic Sociolinguistics","volume":"207 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116352664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-01DOI: 10.3366/arabic.2023.0007
Y. Suleiman
Taking as its point of departure Michael Carter’s discussion of the problematic relationship between the Arabic grammatical tradition and modern linguistics (1987), this paper seeks to outline a set of pathways for dealing with this relationship from the perspective of language ideology in so far as it relates to the notion of social identity. The paper investigates this ideologically mediated link of language to society in the Arab(ic) context by problematizing the notions of language myths, the native speaker, mother tongue and native language, speech-community and native-language community, as well as the notion of universal and middle-range theory in ways that challenge some of the received “dogmas” in modern linguistics and privilege the native linguistic tradition. The paper does not deny that similarities do exist between these two approaches, but it eschews the debate that took place about the nature of these similarities in the 1990s in favor of a perspective that recognizes the embedding of knowledge about language in society and the importance of double hermeneutics in understanding this embedding.
{"title":"Arab linguistics, Arabic linguistics, and language ideology","authors":"Y. Suleiman","doi":"10.3366/arabic.2023.0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3366/arabic.2023.0007","url":null,"abstract":"Taking as its point of departure Michael Carter’s discussion of the problematic relationship between the Arabic grammatical tradition and modern linguistics (1987), this paper seeks to outline a set of pathways for dealing with this relationship from the perspective of language ideology in so far as it relates to the notion of social identity. The paper investigates this ideologically mediated link of language to society in the Arab(ic) context by problematizing the notions of language myths, the native speaker, mother tongue and native language, speech-community and native-language community, as well as the notion of universal and middle-range theory in ways that challenge some of the received “dogmas” in modern linguistics and privilege the native linguistic tradition. The paper does not deny that similarities do exist between these two approaches, but it eschews the debate that took place about the nature of these similarities in the 1990s in favor of a perspective that recognizes the embedding of knowledge about language in society and the importance of double hermeneutics in understanding this embedding.","PeriodicalId":441424,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Arabic Sociolinguistics","volume":"246 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123465126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-01DOI: 10.3366/arabic.2023.0005
Catherine Miller, D. Caubet, Karima Ziamari
In 2011, the political events of the “Arab Spring” that spread in almost all Arab countries shed light on what were perceived as new actors, new forms, and new voices of youth political expression. Among the new actors, groups of football fans, known as Ultras, came to the forefront. The sociolinguistic aspects of their cultural productions have so far attracted little academic attention apart from a few papers dealing with emblematic songs that recently became popular protest chants. This paper aims at investigating a few characteristic linguistic features present in numerous Moroccan Ultras songs, such as language mixing and affrication, and comparing them with more general youth language practices. Do Ultras’ performances contribute to the generalization of certain youth traits as well as to the diffusion of a more global aesthetic and masculine ethos? The emotional aspect of the Ultras’ culture makes them “natural” candidates for expressing the people’s discontent, thus pointing to similarities between political slogans and Ultras songs.
{"title":"From emotion to politics: A sociolinguistic analysis of the Moroccan Ultras’ chants","authors":"Catherine Miller, D. Caubet, Karima Ziamari","doi":"10.3366/arabic.2023.0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3366/arabic.2023.0005","url":null,"abstract":"In 2011, the political events of the “Arab Spring” that spread in almost all Arab countries shed light on what were perceived as new actors, new forms, and new voices of youth political expression. Among the new actors, groups of football fans, known as Ultras, came to the forefront. The sociolinguistic aspects of their cultural productions have so far attracted little academic attention apart from a few papers dealing with emblematic songs that recently became popular protest chants. This paper aims at investigating a few characteristic linguistic features present in numerous Moroccan Ultras songs, such as language mixing and affrication, and comparing them with more general youth language practices. Do Ultras’ performances contribute to the generalization of certain youth traits as well as to the diffusion of a more global aesthetic and masculine ethos? The emotional aspect of the Ultras’ culture makes them “natural” candidates for expressing the people’s discontent, thus pointing to similarities between political slogans and Ultras songs.","PeriodicalId":441424,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Arabic Sociolinguistics","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129516648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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