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Illusions in Motion: Media Archaeology of the Moving Panorama and Related Spectacles 运动中的幻觉:运动全景和相关景观的媒介考古学
IF 0.9 4区 艺术学 0 FILM, RADIO, TELEVISION Pub Date : 2016-04-01 DOI: 10.5860/choice.51-0659
Patrick Ellis
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引用次数: 6
Installation and the Moving Image 装置与动态影像
IF 0.9 4区 艺术学 0 FILM, RADIO, TELEVISION Pub Date : 2015-10-01 DOI: 10.5860/choice.192998
C. Kennedy
Installation and the Moving Image Catherine Elwes, Wallflower Press, 2015Since at least the Sixties, there has been a large divide between artists who made film and video for the gallery and those who made it for the cinema. This divide could be broadly characterised as indifference/ ignorance of the gallery artists towards the cinema artists and suspicion/jealousy flowing the opposite way, with side skirmishes between the materialists of film and the pluralists of video. A large frustration on the cinema side has been a sense of the ignorance or even duplication of history and a disregard for the dialogue that has developed over the course of that history on the part of the art market.Catherine Elwes' new book is a helpful corrective for some of these divisions. As a survey of the artist moving image, the most remarkable thing is that she writes a wide path into the history of the installation. Early on in the book, she claims that she is not describing a trajectory that brings everything together, "arriving triumphant at the high renaissance of today's digital gallery installations". Rather, anyone approaching this book as a primer on installation art will instead receive a high degree of insight beyond the gallery canon. Elwes first discusses the impact of architecture, painting, sculpture and performance on how artists deal with space, object and time-, which are logical but often underplayed antecedents to installation. This sets the stage for a remarkably extended tour of film history, complete with a thorough discussion of structural film and its connection with expanded cinema-both of which, through their polemics or ephemerality, were originally positioned quite opposite to the gallery project (ironically, expanded cinema- like performance-is often the history that the current art market seems most interested in reclaiming). Most of Elwes' focus is on disciplinary practices, but she devotes a strong chapter to the longstanding debate on spectatorship. She describes various theories of spectatorship, investigates the central gallery/cinema argument about whether the ambulant or sitting spectator has more power, and briefly suggests that cognitive theory may provide new answers to these ongoing questions.As mentioned, a large majority of the book does not describe much in the way of blue chip installation art (although Bill Viola and Douglas Gordon do get some play), instead focusing on an array of film and video sub-disciplines that exists outside the gallery context. Even contemporary gallery transplants like Anthony McCall are linked to the role his early work had to the cinematic context. …
Catherine Elwes,墙花出版社,2015至少从60年代开始,为画廊制作电影和视频的艺术家和为电影院制作电影和视频的艺术家之间就存在着很大的分歧。这种分歧可以大致地描述为画廊艺术家对电影艺术家的冷漠/无知,以及相反的怀疑/嫉妒,以及电影唯物主义者和录像多元主义者之间的小冲突。在电影方面,一个很大的挫折是对历史的无知,甚至是对历史的复制,以及对艺术市场在历史进程中发展起来的对话的漠视。凯瑟琳•埃尔维斯的新书对其中一些分歧进行了有益的纠正。作为对艺术家运动影像的考察,最值得注意的是她在装置的历史中写下了一条宽阔的路径。在书的开头,她声称,她并不是在描述一条将一切融合在一起的轨迹,“胜利地到达当今数字画廊装置的高度复兴”。相反,任何将本书视为装置艺术入门读物的人都会获得超越画廊经典的高度洞察力。Elwes首先讨论了建筑、绘画、雕塑和表演对艺术家如何处理空间、物体和时间的影响,这些都是合乎逻辑的,但在装置艺术之前往往被低估了。这为电影历史的延伸之旅奠定了基础,完成了对结构电影及其与扩展电影的联系的彻底讨论——这两者,通过它们的论战或短暂性,最初被定位为与画廊项目完全相反(具有讽刺意味的是,扩展电影-就像表演一样-通常是当前艺术市场似乎最感兴趣的历史)。埃尔维斯的大部分注意力都集中在纪律实践上,但她用了一个强有力的章节来讨论长期以来关于旁观的争论。她描述了各种各样的观众观影理论,调查了画廊/电影院关于走动的观众和坐着的观众谁更有力量的争论,并简要地提出认知理论可能为这些正在进行的问题提供新的答案。如前所述,这本书的大部分内容并没有以蓝筹装置艺术的方式描述太多(尽管比尔·维奥拉(Bill Viola)和道格拉斯·戈登(Douglas Gordon)确实得到了一些展示),而是专注于一系列存在于画廊环境之外的电影和视频子学科。即使像安东尼·麦考尔(Anthony McCall)这样的当代画廊移植者,也与他的早期作品对电影背景的影响有关。…
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引用次数: 19
MOTION(LESS) PICTURES: The Cinema of Stasis 动态(少)电影:停滞的电影
IF 0.9 4区 艺术学 0 FILM, RADIO, TELEVISION Pub Date : 2015-10-01 DOI: 10.5860/choice.191020
Grahame Weinbren
MOTION(LESS) PICTURES: The Cinema of Stasis Justin Remes Columbia University Press, 2015Justin Remes' Motion(less) Pictures: The Cinema of Stasis is built around close studies of four films, with numerous other examples drawn from cinema and related art forms throughout the book. The key films are: Empire (1964) by Andy Warhol, Disappearing Music for Face (1966) by George Maciunas and Mieko Shiomi, So Is This (1982) by Michael Snow, and Blue (1993) by Derek Jarman. One of the refreshing aspects of Remes' project is its inclusiveness. Each of the four films is usually understood to inhabit a distinct area of culture: Empire as part of Warhol's Art World oeuvre, Disappearing Music . . . as an example of the Fluxus art movement, Snow's work as emerging from the splendid ghetto of avant-garde film, and Blue as sheltered by the umbrella of European Art Film. These categorizations often determine how and where each work is exhibited. Placing the four together in one volume is a bold gesture, almost as radical as presenting them in a single exhibition.Throughout the book, Remes relies on some of the well-known ideas developed in Ludwig Wittgenstein's later writings, centered around the philosopher's recognition of the suppleness of everyday language. Cardinal concepts of Philosophical Investigations include the language game and family resemblance, descriptions of the workings of language that challenge strict definitions and fixed rules, which are invariably undermined by exceptions that must be accounted for. Thus Remes' description of static films as "motion pictures without motion" is by no means a definition, but rather a starting point, with family resemblances between the motion(less) pictures discussed emerging as the study unfolds. However, Remes delays an acknowledgement of his Wittgensteinian underpinnings until the chapter on Snow's So Is This, more than half way through the text. Had he introduced Wittgenstein's insights explicitly as a foundation of his approach, he could have bypassed his seemingly endless disposal of Noel Carroll's absurd definition of film, simply by pointing out that academic attempts at watertight definitions of terms that function perfectly well in daily discourse are unnecessary distractions yielding zero insight. A major weakness of the book is that Remes gets caught up several times throughout the text in battling, and easily demolishing, such straw men.The author's willingness to engage in these one-sided disputes undercuts his laudatory bottom-up approach, whereby his analyses proceed from a detailed description of a work and his own responses to it. Rejecting a causative, linear, or canonistic historical perspective, The Cinema of Stasis describes artists' moving image as an area of creative exploration by identifying the drives and intentions that animate the makers, as well as analyzing in some detail what a viewer might gain from the works-namely a spectrum of intellectual, expressive, entertaining and expan
Justin Remes的《MOTION(LESS) PICTURES: The Cinema of Stasis》是围绕四部电影的密切研究而建立的,书中还有许多来自电影和相关艺术形式的其他例子。主要电影有:安迪·沃霍尔的《帝国》(1964年)、乔治·马丘纳斯和盐美美子的《消失的音乐》(1966年)、迈克尔·斯诺的《So Is This》(1982年)、德里克·贾曼的《蓝色》(1993年)。Remes项目的一个令人耳目一新的方面是它的包容性。这四部电影中的每一部通常被理解为居住在一个独特的文化领域:帝国作为沃霍尔艺术世界作品的一部分,消失的音乐……作为激浪派艺术运动的一个例子,斯诺的作品从先锋电影的辉煌贫民窟中脱颖而出,而布鲁的作品则受到欧洲艺术电影的庇护。这些分类通常决定了每件作品的展出方式和地点。将四件作品放在一起是一个大胆的举动,几乎与在一个展览中展示它们一样激进。在整本书中,雷姆斯依赖于路德维希·维特根斯坦(Ludwig Wittgenstein)后期作品中发展起来的一些著名观点,这些观点围绕着这位哲学家对日常语言的柔韧性的认识。哲学研究的主要概念包括语言游戏和家族相似性,对语言运作的描述挑战了严格的定义和固定的规则,这些规则总是被必须解释的例外所破坏。因此,Remes将静态电影描述为“没有运动的电影”绝不是一个定义,而是一个起点,随着研究的展开,所讨论的运动(较少)电影之间的家族相似性逐渐显现。然而,雷姆斯推迟承认他的维特根斯坦的基础,直到斯诺的So Is This一章,在文本的一半以上。如果他明确地将维特根斯坦的见解作为他的研究方法的基础,他就可以绕过他对诺埃尔·卡罗尔(Noel Carroll)荒谬的电影定义的看似无休止的处理,只需指出,在日常话语中完美发挥作用的术语的学术定义是不必要的干扰,不会产生任何洞察力。这本书的一个主要弱点是,雷梅斯在整篇文章中多次卷入与这些稻草人的战斗,并轻松地摧毁了这些稻草人。作者愿意参与这些片面的争论,这削弱了他自下而上的赞美方法,即他的分析是从对一部作品的详细描述和他自己对它的反应开始的。《停滞的电影》拒绝因果、线性或经典的历史视角,将艺术家的运动图像描述为一个创造性探索的领域,通过识别驱动和意图使创作者充满活力,并详细分析观众可能从作品中获得的东西——即智力、表现力、娱乐性和扩张性的体验。这本书体现了我长期以来一直坚持的一个观点,即艺术家的电影既是思想的催化剂,也是思想的媒介。emes对Andy Warhol的《Empire》的理解,是对Satie的“家具音乐”概念的介绍和重新聚焦。他在沃霍尔的电影中发现了一种“思考电影接受的新方式,它邀请了一系列分散的目光,而不是专注而热情的目光。”正如雷米斯所指出的那样,这种接受模式预料到了目前无处不在的视频装置所带来的影响,这些装置在《帝国》之后至少十年才出现。但是考虑接收模式是接近《嘻哈帝国》的最佳方式吗?在讨论《帝国》之后的章节中,雷梅斯引用了约翰·凯奇的夸张说法:“作曲是一回事,表演是另一回事,倾听是第三件事。”它们之间有什么关系呢?”显然,这三种活动之间有多种关系,但这个问题不是禅宗公案。…
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引用次数: 0
The Territory of Images 影像的领地
IF 0.9 4区 艺术学 0 FILM, RADIO, TELEVISION Pub Date : 2012-04-01 DOI: 10.4135/9781446269572.n2
Rachel Stevens
THE TERRITORY OF IMAGES Harun Farocki, Images of War at a Distance Museum of Modern Art, New York, June 29, 2011 -January 2, 2012 My first encounter with the work of Harun Farocki was a mediated representation -Jill Godmilow's What Farocki Taught (1998). The film is a shot-byshot remake of Farocki's hard-hitting Inextinguishable Fire (1969). In Godmilow's film, Farocki's systematic unpacking of the making of napalm by unwitting workers at the Dow Chemical factory presented as a direct address was remade in color, in English and with vintage, rather than contemporary, outfits. What Farocki Taught demonstrates Godmilow's admiration for Farocki's work and invokes the original film's explicit politics but it also asks questions: how do Farocki's images operate and where does the experience of documentary truth lie? The show at MoMA is a cause for celebration -not only does it give access to much of Farocki's work in a video archive, and ample space to not one, but three different bodies of installation work, but signals the fact that the museum has undertaken to collect nearly all of his work. This unprecedented opportunity to watch so many pieces side by side presents an intimidating proposition if seeking to understand how his images operate, but a welcoming one for his many ardent fans in the media art and film worlds. An Image; Videograms of a Revolution; Images of the World and the Inscription of War, How to Live in the FRG; and In Comparison are among the many films available on monitors to play on demand. Much of the work involves serious research and the collection of archival material. Farocki is particularly fond of instructional scenarios (such as a demonstration of how to facilitate the birthing of a baby with a prosthetic pelvis and a resizable vaginal opening) and documenting pedagogical role-playing (play therapy, job interview practice sessions) in which social norms and ideologies are transmitted from one party to another. Despite the sometimes slow pace and stark structure that defies a more conventional narrative arc, Farocki's dispassionate and systematic look at everyday scenarios are not without humor or emotion. These scenarios often appear themselves to be performed quite dispassionately, but signs such as the sinking facial expression of the job interviewee, the Playboy model's stoic but perceptible discomfort as she gamely holds her pose through a series of tedious adjustments, and the halting enthusiasm of die Romanian citizen negotiating control of die television station as the dust of the revolution tries to settle, reveal an unruly humanity in the subjects, while also tending to implicate the voyeuristic impulses of the unsuspecting art viewer. Farocki's work seems to be always busy 'unmaking' representations, questioning documents and re-examining rote behaviors. In one work after another, he demonstrates that if you strip away the inessential and look at something with a fixed and steady gaze, it becomes strange. And i
影像的疆界哈伦·法罗基,《战争的影像》,远程现代艺术博物馆,纽约,2011年6月29日- 2012年1月2日我第一次接触哈伦·法罗基的作品是一种中介的表现——吉尔·戈德米洛的《法罗基教了什么》(1998)。这部电影是对法罗基的《不可熄灭的火》(1969)的逐字重拍。在戈德米洛的电影中,法罗基系统地揭露了陶氏化学工厂里不知情的工人制造凝固汽油弹的过程,并以直接地址的形式呈现出来,用彩色、英语和复古而非当代的服装进行了重拍。《法罗基的教导》展示了戈德米洛对法罗基作品的钦佩,并唤起了原电影中明确的政治色彩,但它也提出了一些问题:法罗基的图像是如何运作的,纪录片的真实经历在哪里?MoMA的这场展览是值得庆祝的——它不仅让人们可以在视频档案中看到法罗基的大部分作品,并为不止一件,而是三件不同的装置作品提供了足够的空间,而且标志着博物馆已经开始收集他几乎所有的作品。如果想要了解他的图像是如何运作的,那么这个前所未有的机会将会带来一个令人生畏的提议,但对于他在媒体艺术和电影界的许多热心粉丝来说,这是一个受欢迎的机会。一个图像;革命录像;世界意象与战争铭文——如何在二战中生存和《对比》是许多可以在监视器上点播的电影之一。大部分工作涉及严肃的研究和档案材料的收集。法罗基特别喜欢教学场景(比如示范如何用骨盆假体和可调整大小的阴道开口来促进婴儿的分娩)和记录教学角色扮演(游戏治疗,工作面试练习),在这些场景中,社会规范和意识形态从一方传递到另一方。尽管有时节奏缓慢,结构鲜明,与传统的叙事弧线不符,但法罗基对日常场景的冷静和系统的观察并非没有幽默和情感。这些场景往往表现得相当冷静,但是一些迹象,比如面试者下沉的面部表情,《花花公子》模特在一系列乏味的调整中勇敢地保持着姿势时表现出的坚忍但明显的不适,以及一个罗马尼亚公民在试图平息革命的尘埃时谈判控制一个电视台的犹豫不决的热情,揭示了这些主题中不守规矩的人性。同时也倾向于暗示不知情的艺术观众的偷窥冲动。法罗基的作品似乎总是忙于“拆解”表述、质疑文件和重新审视死记硬背的行为。在一件又一件作品中,他证明了如果你剥去无关紧要的东西,用一种固定而稳定的目光看东西,它就会变得奇怪。如果你继续观察,体制权力的系统性阴谋就会变得清晰可见。对描绘个体主体的图像的揭露让位于对更大主体的机构机器的挖掘——工厂、学校、公司工作环境、监狱、国家、媒体。法罗基的作品往往被解读为对其所揭露的主题的批判,对于他来说,他似乎拥有特殊的渠道。在现代艺术博物馆的演讲中,他透露了他获得许可观察和记录他令人印象深刻的一系列主题的方法。“我觉得你在做的事情很有趣,我想拍一部电影”这样简单的陈述,显然会让我们在观看每一次对特定情况的系统揭露时享受到“生产性误解”。几十年来,法罗基一直在制作大量典型的单频道散文电影和直接电影作品,在电视或电影院放映,最近,他转向了为博物馆和画廊制作的多频道装置作品。…
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引用次数: 0
Optic Antics: The Cinema of Ken Jacobs 光学滑稽动作:肯·雅各布斯的电影
IF 0.9 4区 艺术学 0 FILM, RADIO, TELEVISION Pub Date : 2012-04-01 DOI: 10.5860/choice.49-0171
Ken Eisenstein
ON TIC | TIC ON OPTIC ANTICS: THE CINEMA OF KEN JACOBS You've probably heard that you shouldn't judge a book by its cover. In the case of Optic Antics: The Cinema of Ken Jacobs (Edited by Michele Pierson, David E. James, and Paul Arthur, Oxford University Press, 20 1 1 ) feel free to do so. Donned by a portion of a wonderful 1967 photograph of Ken and Flo, taken by none other than Michael Snow, the front of this volume, edited by Michele Pierson, David E. James, and (posthumously) Paul Arthur, heralds intricate fascination, loudly! The image as it appears is nearly bisected by a post between a pair of windows. Ken, standing in front of them and on the right, with his head, shouldet, and chest in profile, holds out a mirror that stretches across to the other, better, half. Since that floating pane catches Flo's profil perdu (from her shoulder up), the left hand side belongs to her - doubly so, as a sliver of her arm anchors the bottom corner beside its reflection. Turn the book over, passing a spine of lintel and lace, and, thanks to designer Elsie Lyons' folding of Snow's original onto the back cover, find Flo's full visage alone, as if you stepped into Ken's mirror and circled round its feature. At Optic Antics' center (chapters 11 and 12 of 22) sits another Flo pair. In "Flo Talks! ", a 2008 interview conducted by Amy Taubin, "the producer of Ken Jacobs' cinema," as Taubin calls her, relates the struggles she had with her parents' attachment to the 'antiseptic'; the importance of Fred Astaire and Piet Mondrian to her life as person and painter; her experiences at RISD; meeting Ken in the summer of 1961; raising children and making art with him. This entry is preceded by "Some Jacobs Family Photos," a set often specimens curated and captioned by Flo. One of them is the Snow shot that in altered form (slightly cropped and majorly redistributed) adorns the book's exterior. This repetition and reiteration, this double movement from surface to deep middle, this churning of inside out, captures a major strategy of Jacobs' technique. The dissection in Tom, Tom, The Piper's Son (1969, revised 1971), the shuffling in The Doctor's Dream (1978), the vibrating 'eternalisms' of the digital videos (1999- ) and the flickering ones of the Nervous System (1975-2000) and Nervous Magic Lantern (1990- ) performances, and the further ephemerality of 'the Apparition Theater of New York (1967-1982), all testify to the game that Jacobs continuously initiates: "play is the confident abandonment and restoring of balance."1 Jacobs once referred to his stabilizer, the "triumvirate of persons that supports" him most crucially (mother Janice Rosenthal, who died at 27; painting teacher Hans Hofmann; "collaborator" Flo), as his "tripod."2 Indeed, he does seem to be a threelegged creature. Unique associations with Millennium Film Workshop, Binghamton University, and the Collective for Living Cinema, as well as a career that straddles film, digital and theater, exemplify two ot
你可能听说过“不能以貌取人”这句话。在《光学滑稽动作:肯·雅各布斯的电影》(米歇尔·皮尔森、大卫·e·詹姆斯和保罗·阿瑟主编,牛津大学出版社,2011年)一书中,你可以随意这样做。由迈克尔·斯诺(Michael Snow)于1967年拍摄的肯和弗洛(Ken and Flo)的一张精彩照片的一部分穿上,本卷的前部由米歇尔·皮尔森(Michele Pierson)、大卫·e·詹姆斯(David E. James)和(死后)保罗·亚瑟(Paul Arthur)编辑,大声地预示着复杂的魅力!这幅图像看起来几乎被一对窗户之间的柱子一分为二。肯恩,站在他们的前面,在右边,他的头,肩膀和胸部在侧面,伸出一面镜子,延伸到另一个,更好的,一半。因为那块浮动的玻璃捕捉到了弗洛的侧面(从她的肩膀以上),所以左手边是属于她的——加倍地,因为她的手臂的一小条固定在底部角落的倒影旁边。把书翻过来,经过门楣和蕾丝的书脊,多亏了设计师埃尔西·莱昂斯(Elsie Lyons)把斯诺的原作折叠在封底上,你会发现弗洛的全貌,就好像你走进了肯的镜子,绕着它的特征转了一圈。在光学滑稽的中心(22章中的第11章和第12章)坐着另一对Flo。在“Flo Talks!”2008年,艾米·陶宾(Amy Taubin)对她进行了一次采访,陶宾称她为“肯·雅各布斯(Ken Jacobs)电影的制片人”,她讲述了她与父母对“防腐剂”的依恋之间的斗争;弗雷德·阿斯泰尔和皮特·蒙德里安对她个人和画家生活的重要性;她在罗德岛设计学院的经历;在1961年夏天见到了肯;和他一起抚养孩子,一起创作艺术。这个条目的前面是“一些雅各布斯家庭照片”,这是一组由Flo策划和配文的标本。其中之一是雪的镜头,它以改变的形式(略有剪裁,主要是重新分发)装饰了这本书的外观。这种重复和重复,这种从表面到深层的双重运动,这种由内而外的搅动,抓住了雅各布斯技术的主要策略。《Tom, Tom, The Piper’s Son》(1969,修订于1971)中的解剖,《医生之梦》(1978)中的拖曳,数字视频(1999-)中振动的“永恒主义”,《神经系统》(1975-2000)和《神经魔灯》(1990-)表演中忽隐忽现的“永恒主义”,以及《纽约幻影剧场》(1967-1982)中进一步的短暂性,都证明了雅各布斯不断发起的游戏:“游戏是自信的放弃和恢复平衡。”雅各布斯曾提到他的稳定器,最重要的是支持他的“三人组”(母亲珍妮丝·罗森塔尔,27岁去世;绘画老师汉斯·霍夫曼;“合作者”弗洛),作为他的“三脚架”。的确,他看起来确实是一只三条腿的动物。与千禧电影工作室、宾厄姆顿大学和生活电影集体的独特联系,以及跨越电影、数字和戏剧的职业生涯,是另外两个重要的三重奏的例证。我们最初的Snow分布在三个表面(腹部,脊椎,背部)与这些事实一致,并引入了一个新的事实:Optic滑稽的三个编辑器(与后来丢失的那个特别相关)。米歇尔·皮尔森(Michele Pierson)在她的完整的三篇文章《导言:肯·雅各布斯——半个世纪的电影》(Introduction: Ken Jacobs - A half - century of Cinema)的最后一个注释(第90号)中提到,保罗·阿瑟(Paul Arthur)在向牛津大学提出这本书的六个月后去世了,因此,该书唯一未被修改的重印版是阿瑟1997年的电影评论文章《从糟心中创造奇迹:肯·雅各布斯的Chimeric Cinema》。除了通过暗示雅各布斯与“电影的秘密历史”的联系来唤起雅各布斯的幻想之外,亚瑟对艺术家的美学及其在电影和表演中的实施的概述使他得出结论,雅各布斯的电影,就像神话中的野兽一样,是“突变的”。最后看了一眼封面,斯诺也描绘了一个嵌合体,肯恩的头在三个方面被分成三部分:头发在窗户上;嘴唇和下巴对着镜子;额头、鼻子和中骨在框架木上。…
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引用次数: 3
Expanded Cinema in Los Angeles: The Single Wing Turquoise Bird 洛杉矶的扩展电影院:单翼绿松石鸟
IF 0.9 4区 艺术学 0 FILM, RADIO, TELEVISION Pub Date : 2005-07-01 DOI: 10.5749/minnesota/9780816677252.003.0009
D. E. James
During the last years of the 1960s and the first of the 1970s-the twilight of the psychedelic era-the premier light show in Los Angeles was the Single Wing Turquoise Bird.1 Long before this period, the city had seen several projects involving the projection of abstract light, "color organs" and similar apparatuses, versions of which date back at least to the 1720s when Louis-Bertrand Castel proposed that color transparencies could be linked to the keys of a harpsichord. In the early 1920s, Stanton MacDonald-Wright, a painter and self-styled "Color Motion Picturist," began to research abstract color projection and eventually made several kinetic light projectors, one of which was used in several theatrical productions in Santa Monica in 1927. Probably the most sophisticated of such light machines was Thomas Wilfred's Clavilux, built in the early 1920s; it consisted of a cabinet in which revolving discs and mirrors could be "played" so as to rear-project light onto a two-foot square screen. Wilfred wrote compositions for it that he called lumia and performed them publicly. seeing a performance when he was recovering from a syphilitic eye-infection, Los Angeles avant-garde filmmaker Dudley Murphy found it "one of the most ecstatic experiences of [his] life," and when artist Sara Kathryn Arledge saw Wilfred perform in Pasadena in 1928, she was inspired to become involved in time-based visual art and eventually to make important avant-garde films.2 Oskar Fischinger, who shared Wilfred's mystical bent, worked in a similar vein. In 1950 he built his "lumigraph," an upright wooden frame, about five feet high containing light sources that project inwards onto an open area three to four feet square holding an elastic white screen just behind the light sources. In a darkened room, the screen is invisible, but any area of it lightly pushed forward by the player catches the light, so that the player may spontaneously shape light in space. Inspired by both the technological and the socio-cultural possibilities of its own time, the Single Wing Turquoise Bird expanded and elaborated such intersections between avant-garde film and visual music. First formed in the spring of 1968 to accompany rock concerts at the Shrine Auditorium and Exposition Hall in Los Angeles, the light show several times reconfigured its membership and its performance modes, freeing itself from supplementarity to the rock concerts. Developing many different technologies and sources of both imagery and abstract light, it evolved into an autonomous multi-media unit that innovated the collectively improvised, real-time composition of projected light. The group was able to maintain itself for over five years, but eventually several of its members became involved with cinematic projects of a more traditional kind and, though they still did occasional performances for several years after, the Single Wing effectively dissolved into a theatrical film exhibition company in 1973. In fall 1967, John V
在20世纪60年代的最后几年和70年代的头几年——迷幻时代的暮年——洛杉矶最重要的灯光秀是“单翼绿松石鸟”。在此之前,这个城市已经看到了几个项目,涉及抽象光的投射,“颜色器官”和类似的设备,其版本至少可以追溯到18世纪20年代,当时路易斯-伯特兰·卡斯特提出,颜色的透明度可以与拨弦键键联系起来。在20世纪20年代早期,自封为“彩色运动摄影家”的画家斯坦顿·麦克唐纳-赖特开始研究抽象彩色投影,并最终制作了几台动态光投影机,其中一台于1927年在圣莫尼卡的几部戏剧作品中使用。这种轻型机器中最复杂的可能是托马斯·威尔弗雷德(Thomas Wilfred)在20世纪20年代初制造的Clavilux;它由一个柜子组成,里面的旋转圆盘和镜子可以“播放”,以便将光线投射到一个两英尺见方的屏幕上。威尔弗雷德为它写了一些他称之为lumia的曲子,并公开表演。当他从梅毒眼睛感染中恢复时,洛杉矶前卫电影制作人达德利·墨菲看到了他的表演,发现这是“他一生中最令人兴奋的经历之一”。1928年,当艺术家萨拉·凯瑟琳·阿利奇在帕萨迪纳看到威尔弗雷德的表演时,她受到了启发,开始参与基于时间的视觉艺术,并最终制作了重要的前卫电影奥斯卡·费辛格(Oskar Fischinger)与威尔弗雷德有着相同的神秘倾向,他的工作风格与威尔弗雷德相似。1950年,他建造了他的“lumigraph”,一个直立的木制框架,大约五英尺高,里面有光源,投射到一个三到四英尺见方的开放区域,光源后面有一个弹性的白色屏幕。在黑暗的房间里,屏幕是看不见的,但玩家轻轻向前推进的任何区域都会捕捉到光线,这样玩家就可以自发地在空间中塑造光线。受到当时技术和社会文化可能性的启发,《单翼绿松石鸟》扩展并阐述了前卫电影和视觉音乐之间的交集。灯光秀于1968年春天在洛杉矶的神殿礼堂(Shrine Auditorium)和博览会大厅(Exposition Hall)成立,最初是为了配合摇滚音乐会,后来多次调整其成员和表演模式,将自己从摇滚音乐会的补充中解放出来。它发展了许多不同的技术和图像和抽象光的来源,发展成为一个自主的多媒体单元,创新了集体即兴创作,实时组成投影光。这个组合维持了五年多的时间,但最终它的一些成员开始参与更传统的电影项目,尽管他们在几年后仍然偶尔演出,但在1973年,“单翼”有效地解散为一家戏剧电影放映公司。1967年秋,艺术家约翰·范·哈默斯维尔德(John Van Hamersveld)获得了一笔资助,组织了一场活动。他曾在乔纳德艺术学院(Chouinard Art Institute)接受培训,为布鲁斯·布朗(Bruce Brown)的冲浪史诗《无尽的夏天》(the Endless Summer, 1966)设计了标志性海报,最近还为披头士(Beatles)的《神奇神秘之旅》(Magical Mystery Tour, 1967)专辑设计了封面。他与一名来自南加州大学(USC)的商科和新闻系学生成立了Pinnacle Productions,并于11月10日和15日在Shrine举办了一场名为“Electric Wonder”的摇滚音乐会,由感恩而死乐队(Grateful Dead)、布法罗斯普林菲尔德乐队(Buffalo Springfield)和Blue Cheer乐队参演,并伴有各种灯光效果。这次活动非常成功,于是他们决定赞助更多的音乐会,为此他们聘请了当地的灯光表演公司托马斯·爱迪生照明公司(Thomas Edison Lighting Company),在神殿洞穴状的内部不同位置的几个屏幕上进行投影,这个空间足够容纳大约5000名观众。由于对灯光秀不满,Pinnacle邀请了几位年轻的电影人,他们中的大多数都是加州大学洛杉矶分校(UCLA)的在校生或刚从UCLA毕业,组建了一个新的灯光秀。…
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引用次数: 2
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MILLENNIUM FILM JOURNAL
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