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The national defense ecosystem: context, challenges and opportunities 国防生态系统:背景、挑战和机遇
Pub Date : 2020-05-19 DOI: 10.4337/9781789902105.00008
Bharat P. Rao, A. J. Harrison, B. Mulloth
The US Defense sector is a behemoth. It comprises a variety of stakeholders: from the large, publicly traded defense contractors and their suppliers, to numerous firms involved in providing business services, governmental committees and regulatory agencies engaged in guidance, supervision and oversight, and various entities in between. The Defense Acquisition Handbook classifies the entities involved in the acquisition process as follows: end users or operators, depots, acquisition commands, test communities, manpower, personnel and training communities, maintainers and suppliers. At the center of this intricate web is the US Department of Defense (henceforth referred to as DOD), which sets the agenda for defense spending and growth. The DOD conducts its business from over half a million facilities at approximately 4800 sites encompassing close to 25 million acres. It is the nation’s largest employer and largest healthcare provider, with over 1.4 million active duty personnel and 1.1 million reservists, and has a budget of over half a trillion dollars for fiscal 2018 (Amadeo, 2018). The scope and involvement of private sector companies in the defense sector is equally profound. In 2016, for example, the top 100 aerospace & defense (A&D) companies accounted for $709 billion in revenue, resulting in $69 billion in profits. In 2018, industry revenues reached $729 billion, with an operating profit of $81 billion, surpassing previous records set in 2014 and 2017 respectively (PriceWaterhouseCoopers, 2017, 2018). The United States spends more on its defense budget than China, Saudi Arabia, Russia, the United Kingdom, India, France and Japan combined (Peterson Foundation, 2017). Since 2013, the DOD has accounted for nearly 20 percent of total federal spending. For 2019, Congress allocated $693 billion to the DOD. This budget pays for the salaries, training and healthcare of uniformed and civilian personnel, development and procurement of material and facilities, operations and maintenance of the full spectrum of military activi-
美国国防部门是一个庞然大物。它包括各种利益相关者:从大型公开交易的国防承包商及其供应商,到提供商业服务的众多公司,从事指导、监督和监督的政府委员会和管理机构,以及介于两者之间的各种实体。《国防采办手册》将采办过程中涉及的实体分类如下:最终用户或运营商、仓库、采办指挥部、测试团体、人力、人员和培训团体、维护人员和供应商。这个错综复杂的网络的中心是美国国防部(以下简称DOD),它为国防开支和增长制定议程。国防部在大约4800个地点的50多万个设施中开展业务,占地近2500万英亩。它是美国最大的雇主和最大的医疗保健提供者,拥有140多万现役人员和110万预备役人员,2018财年的预算超过5000亿美元。(Amadeo, 2018)私营部门公司在国防部门的范围和参与程度同样深远。例如,2016年,排名前100的航空航天和国防(A&D)公司的收入为7090亿美元,利润为690亿美元。2018年,行业收入达到7290亿美元,营业利润达到810亿美元,分别超过了2014年和2017年创下的纪录(普华永道,2017年,2018年)。美国的国防预算比中国、沙特阿拉伯、俄罗斯、英国、印度、法国和日本的总和还要多(彼得森基金会,2017)。自2013年以来,国防部占联邦总支出的近20%。2019年,国会向国防部拨款6930亿美元。这笔预算用于支付军警人员和文职人员的薪金、培训和保健、材料和设施的开发和采购、各种军事活动的行动和维持
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引用次数: 0
Innovation and national security 创新与国家安全
Pub Date : 2020-05-19 DOI: 10.4337/9781789902105.00009
Bharat P. Rao, A. J. Harrison, B. Mulloth
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引用次数: 0
Appendix 1: list of interviewees 附录1:受访者名单
Pub Date : 2019-11-07 DOI: 10.7551/mitpress/7855.003.0010
Bharat P. Rao, A. J. Harrison, B. Mulloth
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引用次数: 0
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Defense Technological Innovation
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