Blood flow restriction exercise is a training method that partially restricts arterial flow and total venous flow in skeletal musculature during exercise. The study aims to demonstrate the physiological cardiovascular effects generated by exercise with blood flow restriction, as well as to point out evidence about the safety in the application of the method. Exercise with blood flow restriction is capable of causing beneficial physiological changes in the cardiovascular system and seems to be a safe method of application together with physical exercise, however standardization measures of the method need to be better studied with regard to individuals with cardiovascular changes. Check for updates catabolic signaling, and increased recruitment of fast-twitch fibers. However, blood flow restriction also demonstrates cardiovascular changes in physiology and consequently benefits in populations with cardiovascular pathologies [2]. The aim of this review is to demonstrate the physiological cardiovascular effects generated by exercise with blood flow restriction, as well as to point out evidence about the safety in the application of the method with regard to possible vascular damage. Theoretical Reference Cardiovascular responses Central and peripheral vascular responses are accompanied by increased oxygen demand in active skeletal muscles during exercise. At the systemic level, reductions in systolic and diastolic blood pressure were observed after using the technique. However, in the study by Jeffries, et al. no changes in blood pressure, resting heart rate or autonomic function were found [3]. There are divergences in the literature, with several studies reporting on change in pressure suggesting that more evidence is needed to understand the systemic Citation: Bonfim IS (2021) Cardiovascular Physiological Effects Generated by Exercise with Restriction of Blood Flow: A Mini Review. Arch Addict Rehabil 3(1):119-121 Bonfim. Arch Addict Rehabil 2021, 3(1):119-121 Open Access | Page 120 | and also did not find an increased risk for this complication [1,5]. An intriguing fact is that short periods of stasis can produce thrombus formation, although without adverse events. One mechanism to control the advancement of thrombus formation is through stimulation of the fibrinolytic system, and resistance training has demonstrated the ability to regulate the fibrinolytic pathway by stimulating the fibrinolytic system, increasing tissue plasminogen activator (tPA, a thrombus degrading protein in epithelial cell) [1]. Another point that deserves to be highlighted is the use of exercise with blood flow restriction in the population with hypertension. Effects on the hemodynamic system, such as increased systolic and diastolic blood pressure, were observed in patients with hypertension. It can be attributed to the accumulation of metabolites (lactate, protons, K+) and muscle metaboreflex, which results in increased sympathetic activity and increased blood pressure
血流量限制运动是在运动过程中部分限制骨骼肌动脉流量和总静脉流量的一种训练方法。本研究旨在论证在限制血流的情况下运动对心血管的生理影响，并指出该方法应用的安全性。限制血流的运动能够在心血管系统中引起有益的生理变化，并且似乎是与体育锻炼一起应用的一种安全方法，然而，对于有心血管变化的个体，需要更好地研究该方法的标准化措施。检查分解代谢信号的更新，以及快速抽搐纤维的增加。然而，血流限制也表明心血管生理变化，因此有益于心血管疾病人群[2]。这篇综述的目的是证明在限制血流的情况下运动对心血管的生理影响，并指出在可能的血管损伤方面应用该方法的安全性的证据。理论参考心血管反应中枢和外周血管反应伴随着运动中活跃骨骼肌需氧量的增加。在全身水平上，使用该技术后观察到收缩压和舒张压的降低。而Jeffries等的研究未发现血压、静息心率、自主神经功能发生变化[3]。文献中存在分歧，一些研究报告了压力的变化，这表明需要更多的证据来理解系统引用:bonfilm is(2021)限制血流运动产生的心血管生理效应:A Mini Review。戒毒所康复杂志3(1):119-121。Arch Addict rehabilitation, 2021, 3(1):119-121 Open Access | Page 120 |也没有发现这种并发症的风险增加[1,5]。一个有趣的事实是，短时间的停滞可以产生血栓形成，尽管没有不良事件。控制血栓形成的一种机制是通过刺激纤维蛋白溶解系统，而阻力训练已经证明了通过刺激纤维蛋白溶解系统，增加组织纤溶酶原激活物(tPA，上皮细胞中的一种血栓降解蛋白)来调节纤维蛋白溶解途径的能力[1]。值得强调的另一点是在高血压人群中使用限制血流的运动。在高血压患者中观察到对血液动力学系统的影响，如收缩压和舒张压升高。这可归因于代谢物(乳酸、质子、K+)和肌肉代谢反射的积累，导致交感神经活动增加，血压和心率升高[6]。与肌肉收缩相关的氧气供应减少也是提供高环境代谢率的一个因素，这增加了压力反射运动的传入活动，导致交感神经活动增加，从而导致血压升高。高血压患者即使在休息时也表现出增加的交感神经活动。这些个体还存在运动中调节心血管功能的主要机制——压力感受器和机械感受器功能障碍[4,6]。当这两种机制失调时，限制血流的运动可以加剧交感神经活动，从而导致血压升高，即使在运动期间使用低负荷也是如此。然而，如前文所述，一项系统综述显示，限制血流的运动可促进外周血管阻力的降低，并在运动后降低血压，支持在高血压个体中谨慎应用此类运动。方法处方必须考虑个体临床变量，也用于高血压患者不使用血流限制运动处方的决策过程[2,4,7]。
{"title":"Cardiovascular Physiological Effects Generated by Exercise with Restriction of Blood Flow: A Mini Review","authors":"Bonfim Igor S","doi":"10.36959/843/429","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36959/843/429","url":null,"abstract":"Blood flow restriction exercise is a training method that partially restricts arterial flow and total venous flow in skeletal musculature during exercise. The study aims to demonstrate the physiological cardiovascular effects generated by exercise with blood flow restriction, as well as to point out evidence about the safety in the application of the method. Exercise with blood flow restriction is capable of causing beneficial physiological changes in the cardiovascular system and seems to be a safe method of application together with physical exercise, however standardization measures of the method need to be better studied with regard to individuals with cardiovascular changes. Check for updates catabolic signaling, and increased recruitment of fast-twitch fibers. However, blood flow restriction also demonstrates cardiovascular changes in physiology and consequently benefits in populations with cardiovascular pathologies [2]. The aim of this review is to demonstrate the physiological cardiovascular effects generated by exercise with blood flow restriction, as well as to point out evidence about the safety in the application of the method with regard to possible vascular damage. Theoretical Reference Cardiovascular responses Central and peripheral vascular responses are accompanied by increased oxygen demand in active skeletal muscles during exercise. At the systemic level, reductions in systolic and diastolic blood pressure were observed after using the technique. However, in the study by Jeffries, et al. no changes in blood pressure, resting heart rate or autonomic function were found [3]. There are divergences in the literature, with several studies reporting on change in pressure suggesting that more evidence is needed to understand the systemic Citation: Bonfim IS (2021) Cardiovascular Physiological Effects Generated by Exercise with Restriction of Blood Flow: A Mini Review. Arch Addict Rehabil 3(1):119-121 Bonfim. Arch Addict Rehabil 2021, 3(1):119-121 Open Access | Page 120 | and also did not find an increased risk for this complication [1,5]. An intriguing fact is that short periods of stasis can produce thrombus formation, although without adverse events. One mechanism to control the advancement of thrombus formation is through stimulation of the fibrinolytic system, and resistance training has demonstrated the ability to regulate the fibrinolytic pathway by stimulating the fibrinolytic system, increasing tissue plasminogen activator (tPA, a thrombus degrading protein in epithelial cell) [1]. Another point that deserves to be highlighted is the use of exercise with blood flow restriction in the population with hypertension. Effects on the hemodynamic system, such as increased systolic and diastolic blood pressure, were observed in patients with hypertension. It can be attributed to the accumulation of metabolites (lactate, protons, K+) and muscle metaboreflex, which results in increased sympathetic activity and increased blood pressure ","PeriodicalId":445859,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Addiction and Rehabilitation","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121245515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The use of cannabis is very often associated with that of tobacco. The addictive power of cannabis is relatively low, that of tobacco is high. The regular co-use of tobacco and cannabis is at the origin of the reinforcement of the dependence on each substance and makes it often difficult to stop such consumption, at the same time as it favors the occurrence of somatic and psychological complications. Practitioners must identify this dual use, advice stopping; offer their help after taking stock of consumption and their bases.
{"title":"Chronic Co-Use of Tobacco and Cannabis: A State of Knowledge","authors":"Perriot Jean, Peiffer Gérard, Underner Michel","doi":"10.36959/843/428","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36959/843/428","url":null,"abstract":"The use of cannabis is very often associated with that of tobacco. The addictive power of cannabis is relatively low, that of tobacco is high. The regular co-use of tobacco and cannabis is at the origin of the reinforcement of the dependence on each substance and makes it often difficult to stop such consumption, at the same time as it favors the occurrence of somatic and psychological complications. Practitioners must identify this dual use, advice stopping; offer their help after taking stock of consumption and their bases.","PeriodicalId":445859,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Addiction and Rehabilitation","volume":"72 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132802177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The present account examines addictive disorders that are linked to internet technological advances and communicational, more-or-less, unrestricted access, namely gambling disorder, Internet gaming disorder, and most particularly, Internet addiction. Although problems may arise regarding the incidence of so-called 'false-positives' and 'false-negatives' Ferguson, 2018 together complexities pertaining to gender differences and neurogenetic and epigenetic realities that implicate the etioneurogenesis of addiction gaming and internet disorders, it is necessary to apply a perspective of psychobiological and temporary and long-term considerations in order to conceptualize these particular types of addictive behavior. Unsurprisingly it has been postulated that adolescents, generally the main users of novel technologies, apply these new expressions of themselves as vehicles for social interaction.
{"title":"Addictive Behaviour on the Internet: A Quagmire for the Young and Unsuspecting","authors":"A. Trevor","doi":"10.36959/843/427","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36959/843/427","url":null,"abstract":"The present account examines addictive disorders that are linked to internet technological advances and communicational, more-or-less, unrestricted access, namely gambling disorder, Internet gaming disorder, and most particularly, Internet addiction. Although problems may arise regarding the incidence of so-called 'false-positives' and 'false-negatives' Ferguson, 2018 together complexities pertaining to gender differences and neurogenetic and epigenetic realities that implicate the etioneurogenesis of addiction gaming and internet disorders, it is necessary to apply a perspective of psychobiological and temporary and long-term considerations in order to conceptualize these particular types of addictive behavior. Unsurprisingly it has been postulated that adolescents, generally the main users of novel technologies, apply these new expressions of themselves as vehicles for social interaction.","PeriodicalId":445859,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Addiction and Rehabilitation","volume":"69 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132396909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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