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Application of Multicriteria Analysis in the Selection of the LNG Terminal Location 多准则分析在LNG终端选址中的应用
Q3 Engineering Pub Date : 2023-10-01 DOI: 10.17818/nm/2023/4.3
Ljudevit Krpan, Ivan Cvitković, Tanja Poletan Jugović, Ines Kolanović
Positioning of large energy facilities is, as a rule, accompanied by a strong rejection of local and regional communities, without which it is not possible to determine the location and construction conditions for the facility in spatial plans. However, a synergy of three components may enable a successful project realization. Firstly, the application of verified and objective scientific methods for the selection of the most appropriate LNG terminal location. Secondly, the consideration of the best world practices in project documentation preparation for such terminal construction. And lastly, the continuous involvement of the local community into the entire process. The paper presents an approach aimed at solving the problem of choice by applying the methodology of choosing the “best compromise location” based on system characteristics, available data, set criteria, and limitations. The key “dimension” of such a problem is “space”, i.e. the spatial aspects of location selection. The paper provides an overview of the activities, procedures, and methods used to define the optimal location of the receiving LNG terminal in the Republic of Croatia as part of the analysis and research carried out by EKONERG and in the function of creating the Spatial Plan of Primorje-Gorski Kotar County. Accordingly, the main objective of this paper was to highlight the specifics of LNG terminal site selection as well as the possibility of objectively defining the optimal location using the multi-criteria decision-making method that simultaneously takes into account all influential factors and criteria in defining it. The paper uses the methodology of multi-attribute decision process and multicriteria analysis of the selection of the optimal location of the LNG terminal on the territory of Primorje-Gorski Kotar County. It systematically and scientifically analyses, consistently formulates, and proposes elimination and comparative criteria necessary to determine the optimal location of the LNG terminal for the purpose of drafting regional level spatial planning documents. The presented methodology was carried out using the process of multicriteria ranking of variants. The method of weighted sum values was used. Weighting factors are determined partly in an exact way (where possible) and partly based on the application of Delphi group decision-making methods. The methodology was tested on a concrete example of variant analysis for the location of LNG terminals in the Republic of Croatia. By implementing the presented methodology, the location of the northern part of the island of Krk was determined as optimal for the location of the LNG terminal. The aforementioned was implemented in the Spatial Plan of Primorje-Gorski Kotar County, and the first phase of the receiving LNG terminal was built and put into full operation.
大型能源设施的定位通常伴随着当地和区域社区的强烈反对,没有这些反对,就不可能在空间规划中确定设施的位置和建设条件。然而,三个组成部分的协同作用可能会使项目成功实现。首先,应用经过验证的客观科学的方法选择最合适的LNG终端位置。其次,考虑国际上在此类码头建设项目文件编制中的最佳做法。最后,当地社区在整个过程中的持续参与。本文提出了一种基于系统特征、可用数据、设定标准和限制来选择“最佳妥协位置”的方法,旨在解决选择问题。这个问题的关键“维度”是“空间”,即区位选择的空间方面。本文概述了用于确定克罗地亚共和国LNG接收站最佳位置的活动、程序和方法,这是EKONERG进行的分析和研究的一部分,也是创建Primorje-Gorski Kotar县空间规划的功能。因此,本文的主要目的是强调LNG终端选址的特殊性,以及使用同时考虑所有影响因素和标准的多准则决策方法客观确定最优位置的可能性。本文采用多属性决策过程和多准则分析方法,对滨海戈尔斯基-科塔尔县境内LNG接收站的最佳选址进行了选择。系统、科学地分析、一致地制定并提出确定LNG终端最优位置所需的剔除和比较标准,以起草区域级空间规划文件。所提出的方法是使用多准则对变量进行排序的过程进行的。采用加权和值法。加权因子部分以精确的方式确定(在可能的情况下),部分基于德尔菲集团决策方法的应用。该方法在克罗地亚共和国液化天然气终端位置的变量分析的具体例子上进行了测试。通过实施所提出的方法,Krk岛北部的位置被确定为液化天然气终端的最佳位置。上述内容在滨海边疆区-戈尔斯基科塔尔县空间规划中得到落实,LNG接收站一期建成并全面投入运营。
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引用次数: 0
Green Perspective of General Container Service vs. Dedicated Container Service from Asia to Northern Adriatic 亚洲至北亚得里亚海集装箱综合服务与集装箱专用服务的绿色展望
Q3 Engineering Pub Date : 2023-10-01 DOI: 10.17818/nm/2023/4.2
Marko Golnar, Bojan Beškovnik
Intermodal transport is often touted as an environmentally sustainable mode of transport, especially when considering its share of the total supply chain. This article addresses the topical and sensitive issue of supply chain assessment in terms of the carbon footprint and energy efficiency of external transportation from the point of production to the customer. The long transportation distances overseas and the variety of operational sea container services result in significant variations in delivery times from Asian markets. In addition, disruptive events such as the Covid-19 pandemic and the Ukraine conflict have led to longer transportation times and lower reliability of various maritime services. The study examines the variety of existing direct container services from Asia to the Northern Adriatic. In addition to the two direct container services already established, another dedicated container service has been established primarily to serve a large retail chain in the European market. The “newly established” container service is characterised by its limited port coverage and the use of relatively small container ships with a maximum capacity of 5.500 TEU. The comparisons between the services highlight the differences in transport time and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, as well as the energy efficiency of container transport. The study empirically confirms the widespread assumption that larger and modern container ships offer environmental benefits, provided that cargo space is used efficiently and ship operators adopt slow steaming. However, the study also highlights the significant differences in GHG emissions between different services and emphasises the need for more comprehensive information and awareness among cargo owners to design sustainable supply chains.
多式联运经常被吹捧为一种环境可持续的运输方式,特别是考虑到它在整个供应链中的份额。本文从从生产点到客户的外部运输的碳足迹和能源效率方面解决了供应链评估的主题和敏感问题。由于海外运输距离较远,加上海上货柜服务种类繁多,导致亚洲市场的交货时间有很大差异。此外,新冠肺炎大流行和乌克兰冲突等破坏性事件导致运输时间延长,各种海运服务的可靠性降低。该研究调查了从亚洲到北亚得里亚海的各种现有直接集装箱服务。除了已经建立的两项直接集装箱服务外,还建立了另一项专门的集装箱服务,主要服务于欧洲市场的大型零售连锁店。“新建立的”集装箱服务的特点是港口覆盖范围有限,使用的集装箱船相对较小,最大容量为5500标准箱。两种服务之间的比较突出了运输时间和温室气体排放的差异,以及集装箱运输的能源效率。该研究从经验上证实了一个普遍的假设,即如果货舱空间得到有效利用,船舶运营商采用慢速航行,大型现代集装箱船会带来环境效益。然而,该研究也强调了不同服务之间温室气体排放的显著差异,并强调货主需要更全面的信息和意识来设计可持续的供应链。
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引用次数: 0
Numerical Research on the Influence of Interceptor Flaps on the Planing Hydrodynamic Performance 截流襟翼对平面水动力性能影响的数值研究
Q3 Engineering Pub Date : 2023-10-01 DOI: 10.17818/nm/2023/4.4
Samuel Samuel, Serliana Yulianti, Parlindungan Manik, Andi Trimulyono, Ahmad Firdhaus, Tuswan Tuswan, Dian Purnama Sari
The trim tab and interceptor have been utilized to optimize the running trim and motion control of planing boats at varying speeds in calm water. Increasing the height of the interceptor can create excessive drag and bow-down trim. The effectiveness of the interceptor can be increased by integrating it with a horizontal flap. This research focuses on the impact of the influence caused by interceptor flaps on the pressure distribution and fluid flows around the vessel. To simulate trim and sinkage measurement, the environment was modeled in the two-degree of freedom condition. Variation of integrated interceptor flaps has been analyzed with Finite Volume Method (FVM) based on RANS (Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes) equation using overset mesh. The turbulent K- ε and VOF (Volume of Fluid) models are used to model the water and air phases. The grid convergence study is performed to establish the parallel solver’s grid independence. To confirm the accuracy of the test in the bare hull condition, the numerical approach was tested experimentally. The result of drag, trim, and sinkage was calculated and it has been proved that the added flaps into interceptors are very useful in drag reduction and trim control. The percentage of interceptor height is directly proportional to the resulting lift force. Higher lift force can more effectively improve trim and reduce drag. Overall, this study shows an improvement in ship performance when using an interceptor and interceptor flap. One of the model configurations in the study has been shown to reduce drag by up to 33.3% at Froude number 1.45 when compared to ships without an interceptor.
在平静的水面上,利用纵倾卡和拦截器来优化平滑船在不同速度下的运行纵倾和运动控制。增加拦截器的高度会产生过大的阻力和俯身修剪。拦截器的有效性可以通过将其与水平襟翼集成来提高。本文研究的重点是截流襟翼对压力分布和容器周围流体流动的影响。为了模拟纵倾和下沉测量,在二自由度条件下对环境进行建模。采用基于reynolds - average Navier-Stokes方程的有限体积法(FVM),利用overset网格分析了集成截击机襟翼的变化。湍流K- ε和VOF(流体体积)模型被用来模拟水和空气的相。通过网格收敛性研究,建立了并行求解器的网格独立性。为了验证该数值方法在裸壳工况下的准确性,对该数值方法进行了实验验证。计算了阻力、纵倾和下沉的结果,证明了在截流器中增加襟翼对减阻和纵倾控制是非常有用的。拦截器高度的百分比与产生的升力成正比。更高的升力可以更有效地改善纵倾和减少阻力。总的来说,本研究表明,当使用拦截弹和拦截弹襟翼时,舰船性能有所改善。研究中的一种模型配置显示,与没有拦截器的船舶相比,在弗鲁德数1.45处阻力减少高达33.3%。
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引用次数: 0
An Experimental Investigation into the Effect of Bilge Keel Position on Landing Craft Utility Vessels 舱底龙骨位置对登陆艇影响的实验研究
Q3 Engineering Pub Date : 2023-10-01 DOI: 10.17818/nm/2023/4.1
Sumarsono Sumarsono, Beny Cahyono, Erwandi Erwandi, Achmad Baidowi, Baharuddin Ali
The issue of energy efficiency in using fossil fuels and reducing the effects of greenhouse gas emissions is an urgent problem. So fuel-saving measures, including in the marine transportation sector, are needed, even if only by a small percentage. Landing Craft Utility (LCU) is a type of sea transport for defense matters that requires the addition of a rolling motion stabilizer for the safety and comfort of the ship, cargo, and passengers. The use of roll-damping devices can affect the increase in the resistance value of the ship and cause an increase in fuel consumption. The bilge keel is a roll-damping device that is suitable for LCU vessels. The experimental study roll decay tests and resistance tests were carried out to determine the effect of the bilge keel placement on roll damping and additional ship resistance. The flow around the vessel’s surface was observed with a paint smear test to determine the placement position. The bilge keel installed in the transitional position between the bottom and side hull has the highest total roll damping coefficient, up to 28.57%, compared to the bare hull condition. However, this placement has increased the average resistance up to 8.84%. Alternately, placement close to the draft line has a fairly good roll-damping coefficient of up to 21.27%, increasing the resistance to only 3.66%.
使用化石燃料的能源效率问题和减少温室气体排放的影响是一个紧迫的问题。因此,包括海洋运输部门在内的节油措施是必要的,即使只是一小部分。登陆艇(LCU)是一种用于国防事务的海上运输,需要增加滚动运动稳定器,以确保船舶,货物和乘客的安全性和舒适性。减摇装置的使用会影响船舶阻力值的增加,造成燃油消耗的增加。舱底龙骨是一种适用于LCU船舶的减摇装置。通过横摇衰减试验和阻力试验,确定了舱底龙骨布置对横摇阻尼和附加船舶阻力的影响。通过涂漆测试来观察容器表面周围的流动,以确定放置位置。安装在船底与侧舷过渡位置的舱底龙骨与裸船体相比,总横摇阻尼系数最高,达28.57%。然而,这种安置已经增加了平均阻力高达8.84%。另外,靠近吃水线的位置有相当好的滚转阻尼系数,高达21.27%,增加阻力仅为3.66%。
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引用次数: 0
The Analysis of the Deficiencies Resulting from Paris MoU PSC Inspections 巴黎谅解备忘录PSC检查缺陷分析
Q3 Engineering Pub Date : 2023-10-01 DOI: 10.17818/nm/2023/4.5
Tonći Biočić, Vlado Frančić, Nermin Hasanspahić, Lovro Maglić
Substandard ships pose a significant threat to human life and the environment. Therefore, detecting deficiencies and removing such vessels from service is necessary, which is one of the port state control (PSC) inspection tasks. In addition, the role of PSC inspection is to improve safety at sea and in ports. To be up to the task, the States jointly created several memoranda to fight against substandard ships. The most frequent deficiencies detected on ships during Paris Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) PSC inspections are analyzed in this paper. The analysis was made according to factors such as type of vessel, flag and the category to which deficiency belongs. Results revealed that most frequent deficiencies detected on ships, regardless of type or flag, come from International Safety Management (ISM) and fire protection. Furthermore, it is found that among the ten most frequent deficiencies, three are from the navigation safety category. Therefore, corrective actions to improve safety at sea are needed and presented.
不合标准的船舶对人类生命和环境构成重大威胁。因此,发现缺陷并将这些船只从服务中移除是必要的,这是港口国监督(PSC)检查任务之一。此外,PSC检查的作用是提高海上和港口的安全。为了完成这项任务,美国联合制定了几项备忘录来打击不合标准的船只。本文分析了巴黎谅解备忘录(MoU) PSC检查中船舶最常见的缺陷。根据船型、船旗、缺陷所属类别等因素进行分析。结果显示,在船舶上发现的最常见的缺陷,无论类型或旗帜,都来自国际安全管理(ISM)和防火。此外,我们还发现,在10个最常见的缺陷中,有3个来自航行安全类别。因此,需要采取纠正措施来提高海上安全。
{"title":"The Analysis of the Deficiencies Resulting from Paris MoU PSC Inspections","authors":"Tonći Biočić, Vlado Frančić, Nermin Hasanspahić, Lovro Maglić","doi":"10.17818/nm/2023/4.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17818/nm/2023/4.5","url":null,"abstract":"Substandard ships pose a significant threat to human life and the environment. Therefore, detecting deficiencies and removing such vessels from service is necessary, which is one of the port state control (PSC) inspection tasks. In addition, the role of PSC inspection is to improve safety at sea and in ports. To be up to the task, the States jointly created several memoranda to fight against substandard ships. The most frequent deficiencies detected on ships during Paris Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) PSC inspections are analyzed in this paper. The analysis was made according to factors such as type of vessel, flag and the category to which deficiency belongs. Results revealed that most frequent deficiencies detected on ships, regardless of type or flag, come from International Safety Management (ISM) and fire protection. Furthermore, it is found that among the ten most frequent deficiencies, three are from the navigation safety category. Therefore, corrective actions to improve safety at sea are needed and presented.","PeriodicalId":45326,"journal":{"name":"Nase More","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135850251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Experimental Estimation of Material and Support Properties for Flexible Dolphin Structures 柔性海豚结构材料和支撑性能的实验估算
IF 0.9 Q3 Engineering Pub Date : 2017-06-01 DOI: 10.17818/NM/2017/2.2
M. Batista, A. Grm
Present work describes the inverse problem for identification of material and support type properties of flexible dolphin structure. Most liquid bulk terminals are equipped with a jetty as berthing facility. The ship mostly berths to dedicated breasting dolphin structures, which can be single-pile flexible/rigid dolphins or multi-pile flexible/rigid dolphins. This work considers dolphin motion as massspring damped system where cantilever approximation mimics dolphin pile. Few measurements have been made for the dolphin structure, which is approximately 30 m long, 15 m immersed in the bottom and placed about 2-3 m above the sea level. The elastic material properties and pile support were identified via inverse method combined with displacement measurements of dolphin head.
目前的工作描述了识别柔性海豚结构材料和支撑类型特性的反问题。大多数液体散装码头都配有码头作为停泊设施。该船主要停泊在专用的靠船墩结构上,可以是单桩柔性/刚性靠船墩,也可以是多桩柔性/刚度靠船墩。本文将海豚运动视为质量弹簧阻尼系统,悬臂近似模拟海豚桩。对海豚式结构进行的测量很少,该结构长约30米,沉入海底15米,位于海平面以上约2-3米处。通过反求法结合海豚头位移测量,确定了弹性材料特性和桩支撑。
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引用次数: 1
Analysis of Cruise Tourism on Croatian Rivers 克罗地亚河流上的邮轮旅游分析
IF 0.9 Q3 Engineering Pub Date : 2017-03-27 DOI: 10.17818/NM/2017/1.11
M. Kovačić, A. Zekić, A. Violic
Cruise trips have been rising in popularity since the 1970 sand are currently a trend in the tourism market. This is particularly true of river cruises, which record a constant growth in the number of ship calls. The general upward trend in the number of river cruise passengers and dockings is also present in Croatia. Prerequisites for the development of cruising on Croatian rivers include, in addition to other geographical features, also the length of navigable water ways, but a systematic approach to this issue is needed for further development. The authors investigate the level of development of infrastructure on Croatian rivers and analyze the passenger and ship traffic on them. Special attention is given to the importance of cruises for tourism on European rivers and world wide. In accordance with the Croatian Tourism Development Strategy until 2020, the authors explore geographical and other conditions necessary for the development of river cruise tourism. The aim of the paper is to point to the importance of building infrastructure for accommodation of vessels sailing on Croatian rivers, and in particular to the need to improve tourism offer in river destinations.
自20世纪70年代以来,游轮旅行越来越受欢迎,目前沙滩是旅游市场的一种趋势。内河游船尤其如此,它记录了船舶停靠数量的持续增长。在克罗地亚,内河游船乘客和靠岸人数也普遍呈上升趋势。发展克罗地亚河流游船的先决条件除了其他地理特征外,还包括通航水道的长度,但为了进一步发展,需要对这个问题采取系统的办法。作者调查了克罗地亚河流基础设施的发展水平,并分析了河流上的客船交通。特别注意到邮轮旅游的重要性在欧洲河流和世界范围内。根据克罗地亚到2020年的旅游发展战略,作者探讨了发展内河游船旅游所需的地理和其他条件。本文的目的是指出在克罗地亚河流上航行的船只的住宿建设基础设施的重要性,特别是需要改善河流目的地的旅游服务。
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引用次数: 3
The Motivation for Visiting Recreational Sports Event “Wild League” in Water Polo 水球休闲体育赛事“野外联赛”的观赛动机
IF 0.9 Q3 Engineering Pub Date : 2017-03-27 DOI: 10.17818/NM/2017/1.9
J. Sindik, Martina Gjurašić
The “Wild League” is a recreational sports event, which takes place in Dubrovnik and has an extremely long tradition. The sport that is played in this competition is water polo. A study was conducted in order to identify motivational factors related to this amateur sport. The study had two main goals: to determine basic psychometric properties (construct validity and reliability) of the adjusted Questionnaire on sports events (QSE), as well as to determine the differences in motivational factors, according to several independent variables. A sample of 125 participants were examined in this study, using the QSE. All participants were Croatian citizens, and the study did not include those who are born (and currently live) in Dubrovnik. The results revealed three-component principal components’ structure, with reliable principal components that represent pushing motives, pulling motives and the limitations. Moreover, previous visiting Dubrovnik and the level of education did not appear as important independent variables to differentiate any sport tourists’ motives. Pushing motives are highly emphasized in males, participants who were actively engaged in sports, or those with Dubrovnik’s heritage. This clearly define some profile of tourist who may be attracted to visit the destination, motivated with “Wild League” event.
“野生联赛”是一项休闲体育赛事,在杜布罗夫尼克举行,有着极其悠久的传统。这次比赛的项目是水球。为了确定与这项业余运动有关的动机因素,进行了一项研究。本研究有两个主要目的:确定调整后的体育赛事问卷(QSE)的基本心理测量特性(结构效度和信度),以及根据几个自变量确定动机因素的差异。本研究使用QSE对125名参与者进行了抽样检查。所有参与者都是克罗地亚公民,这项研究不包括那些出生(目前居住)在杜布罗夫尼克的人。结果显示主成分呈三分量结构,可靠主成分分别代表推动动机、拉动动机和限制。此外,以前访问杜布罗夫尼克和教育水平似乎不是区分任何体育游客动机的重要独立变量。在男性、积极参与体育运动的参与者或具有杜布罗夫尼克传统的参与者中,推动动机被高度强调。这清楚地定义了一些可能被吸引到目的地的游客,他们被“野生联盟”活动所吸引。
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引用次数: 2
Modeling the Qualitative Relationship among Risks Associated with Occupational and Workplace Hazards in Seaport Environments: the Case of Apapa Port, Nigeria 港口环境中与职业和工作场所危害相关的风险之间的定性关系建模:以尼日利亚阿帕帕港为例
IF 0.9 Q3 Engineering Pub Date : 2017-01-01 DOI: 10.17818/NM/2017/2.4
C. NwokediTheophilus, L. Okoroji, C. Ikeogu
{"title":"Modeling the Qualitative Relationship among Risks Associated with Occupational and Workplace Hazards in Seaport Environments: the Case of Apapa Port, Nigeria","authors":"C. NwokediTheophilus, L. Okoroji, C. Ikeogu","doi":"10.17818/NM/2017/2.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17818/NM/2017/2.4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45326,"journal":{"name":"Nase More","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67440540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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