Newly invented Iris recognition which is a part of biometric identification,offering and purposing an antique method for personal identification, authentication and security by analyzing the random pattern of the iris. By using iris recognition system recognizes the identification of a person from a captured image by comparing it to the human iris patterns stored in an iris template database. The iris template database has been carried out by using three steps the first step is segmentation. Hough transform is used to segment the iris region from the eye image of the CASIA database. The noise and blurring due to eyelid occlusions, reflections is eliminated in the segmentation stage. The third step is normalization. A technique based on Hough Transform was employed on the iris for creating a dimensionally steady and compatible representation of the iris region. The last step and fourth step is feature extraction. In this Local Binary Pattern and Gray level Cooccurrence Matrix are used to extract the features. At last template of the new eye image captured will be compared with the iris template database using Probabilistic Neural Network.
{"title":"Enhancing Atm Security System by Using Iris (Eye) Recognition","authors":"Irum Ashraf","doi":"10.54536/ajgt.v3i1.2967","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54536/ajgt.v3i1.2967","url":null,"abstract":"Newly invented Iris recognition which is a part of biometric identification,offering and purposing an antique method for personal identification, authentication and security by analyzing the random pattern of the iris. By using iris recognition system recognizes the identification of a person from a captured image by comparing it to the human iris patterns stored in an iris template database. The iris template database has been carried out by using three steps the first step is segmentation. Hough transform is used to segment the iris region from the eye image of the CASIA database. The noise and blurring due to eyelid occlusions, reflections is eliminated in the segmentation stage. The third step is normalization. A technique based on Hough Transform was employed on the iris for creating a dimensionally steady and compatible representation of the iris region. The last step and fourth step is feature extraction. In this Local Binary Pattern and Gray level Cooccurrence Matrix are used to extract the features. At last template of the new eye image captured will be compared with the iris template database using Probabilistic Neural Network.","PeriodicalId":470513,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Geospatial Technology","volume":"4 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141336606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Environmental degradation resulting from oil spills has emerged as a critical issue requiring immediate attention. This study uses geospatial techniques to investigate the impact of oil spills in Obio/Akpor Local Government Area of Rivers State. Landsat images, administrative map of the study area and historical oil spill data were data used in carrying out this study. The images were pre-processed through atmospheric and geometric corrections. Spatial analysis of four remote sensing indices-Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) for assessing vegetation health, Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI) for detecting water bodies, Land Surface Temperature (LST) for measuring surface temperature, and Normalized Difference Built-Up Index (NDBI) for identifying built-up areas-was conducted using the raster calculator in ArcGIS. The study employed the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) to assign weights to these indices based their relative significance regarding oil spill impact. Subsequently, reclassification and integration of this information were done to generate Oil Spill Index (OSI) maps for 2003, 2013, and 2023. Validation of the Oil Spill Index (OSI) of various points before and after an oil spill incident was performed, specifically contrasting 2003 with 2013 and 2023 OSI values. This was to affirm the accuracy and predictive capability of the OSI maps in identifying oil spill-prone areas. Findings revealed OSI values for 2003 and 2013, indicating a range of 1.04 to 3.48 for 2003, with a noticeable increase observed in 2013, expanding the range to 3.08 to 4.72. Similarly, a comparison of OSI values between 2003 and 2023 indicates OSI values, ranging from 1.64 to 3.92 in 2003, then in 2023 after the oil spill incidents, there were notable changes in the OSI values, with the range shifting to 3.2 to 4.84. This suggests a significant increase in the impact of oil spill on the affected areas over the two-decade. This comprehensive index map serves as a tool for monitoring and assessing the effects of oil spills on the study area, thereby achieving the research objectives effectively.
{"title":"Geospatial Assessment of Oil Spill’s Impact in Obio/Akpor Local Government Area Rivers State, Nigeria","authors":"V. A. Ijaware, Kanu Ifeyinwa Florence Mary","doi":"10.54536/ajgt.v3i1.2906","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54536/ajgt.v3i1.2906","url":null,"abstract":"Environmental degradation resulting from oil spills has emerged as a critical issue requiring immediate attention. This study uses geospatial techniques to investigate the impact of oil spills in Obio/Akpor Local Government Area of Rivers State. Landsat images, administrative map of the study area and historical oil spill data were data used in carrying out this study. The images were pre-processed through atmospheric and geometric corrections. Spatial analysis of four remote sensing indices-Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) for assessing vegetation health, Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI) for detecting water bodies, Land Surface Temperature (LST) for measuring surface temperature, and Normalized Difference Built-Up Index (NDBI) for identifying built-up areas-was conducted using the raster calculator in ArcGIS. The study employed the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) to assign weights to these indices based their relative significance regarding oil spill impact. Subsequently, reclassification and integration of this information were done to generate Oil Spill Index (OSI) maps for 2003, 2013, and 2023. Validation of the Oil Spill Index (OSI) of various points before and after an oil spill incident was performed, specifically contrasting 2003 with 2013 and 2023 OSI values. This was to affirm the accuracy and predictive capability of the OSI maps in identifying oil spill-prone areas. Findings revealed OSI values for 2003 and 2013, indicating a range of 1.04 to 3.48 for 2003, with a noticeable increase observed in 2013, expanding the range to 3.08 to 4.72. Similarly, a comparison of OSI values between 2003 and 2023 indicates OSI values, ranging from 1.64 to 3.92 in 2003, then in 2023 after the oil spill incidents, there were notable changes in the OSI values, with the range shifting to 3.2 to 4.84. This suggests a significant increase in the impact of oil spill on the affected areas over the two-decade. This comprehensive index map serves as a tool for monitoring and assessing the effects of oil spills on the study area, thereby achieving the research objectives effectively.","PeriodicalId":470513,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Geospatial Technology","volume":"111 14","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141361164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nafi’u Umar Garba Nafiu Garba Umar, Sawa Bulus Ajiya, Tasi’u Yalwa Rilwanu, Usman Dalhat
The study attempted to identify the groundwater potential zones in Birnin Kudu Local Government Area of Jigawa State, Nigeria using Remote Sensing and Geographic Information System techniques. Groundwater is an important source for water supply, considering its availability, quality, cost and time effective to develop, and simple accessibility. The study used thematic maps like Rainfall, Lineament, Geology, Soil, DEM Soil, Drainage and Land Use Land Cover map as GIS layers in geo-database. The rankings/weights of factor contributing to groundwater prospects in the study area were evaluated by pair wise comparison using Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). Weightages of the factors influencing groundwater prospects zones in the study area shows that rainfall is one of the major contributor, and was weighed as the highest contributor with (34%) followed by lineament (24%) and geology was weighed (14%). The least groundwater contributor in the study area is the land use land cover with (2%). The study showed that the very high groundwater potential areas occupy 59.92 km2 (2.89%) of the area, the high potential zones constitute about 527.52km2 (25.45%) of the study area and the moderate potential area has the highest area of 602.69km2 (29.07%). The low and very low potentials occupy an area of about 528.13 km2 (25.48%) and 354.75 km2 (17.11%) respectively. The study concluded that the study area has an abundance.
{"title":"Geo-Spatial Assessment of Groundwater Potential Zones in Birnin-Kudu Local Government Area Jigawa State, Nigeria","authors":"Nafi’u Umar Garba Nafiu Garba Umar, Sawa Bulus Ajiya, Tasi’u Yalwa Rilwanu, Usman Dalhat","doi":"10.54536/ajgt.v2i1.2063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54536/ajgt.v2i1.2063","url":null,"abstract":"The study attempted to identify the groundwater potential zones in Birnin Kudu Local Government Area of Jigawa State, Nigeria using Remote Sensing and Geographic Information System techniques. Groundwater is an important source for water supply, considering its availability, quality, cost and time effective to develop, and simple accessibility. The study used thematic maps like Rainfall, Lineament, Geology, Soil, DEM Soil, Drainage and Land Use Land Cover map as GIS layers in geo-database. The rankings/weights of factor contributing to groundwater prospects in the study area were evaluated by pair wise comparison using Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). Weightages of the factors influencing groundwater prospects zones in the study area shows that rainfall is one of the major contributor, and was weighed as the highest contributor with (34%) followed by lineament (24%) and geology was weighed (14%). The least groundwater contributor in the study area is the land use land cover with (2%). The study showed that the very high groundwater potential areas occupy 59.92 km2 (2.89%) of the area, the high potential zones constitute about 527.52km2 (25.45%) of the study area and the moderate potential area has the highest area of 602.69km2 (29.07%). The low and very low potentials occupy an area of about 528.13 km2 (25.48%) and 354.75 km2 (17.11%) respectively. The study concluded that the study area has an abundance.","PeriodicalId":470513,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Geospatial Technology","volume":"122 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135830215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
William A Olosunde, Abasiama J Akpan, Orua O Antia
The quest to predict more precisely energy that is just enough to achieve closely any desired final particle size of food material subjected to comminution is necessary. This is to avoid energy wastage, obtain finer product size(s) that are uniform and can encourage easy mixing, dehydration/drying, etc. In this regard, some selected legumes (soybeans and beans), cereals (sorghum, millet, corn and wheat), sea food (crayfish) and tubers (cassava and yam) were subjected to comminution through the application of some major energy equations (models); as they find various applications in food industries. Four energy equations (models) namely the Kick’s, Rittinger’s and Bond’s for size reduction and the OruaAntia’s minimum energy equation for mass-size reduction were employed. The constant in each equation (model) to be applied in grinding of selected food materials was determined and used in obtaining the required specific energy of comminution needed to accomplish desired final product size(s). The corresponding grinding time expected to achieve the desired final product were computed and used in operating the grinding machine. Results revealed that the OruaAntia’s minimum energy equation for mass-size reduction operation may be applied on the selected food materials to achieve very closely any desired final average particle diameter with a percentage deviation of 1.66% followed with Rittinger’s equation having average percentage deviation of 6.88%. Technical analysis re-affirm that Kick’s equation could only achieve coarse particles as the final particle size showed average percentage deviation of 38.40%, while Bond’s equation may be limited to prediction of coarse and intermediate particles; since the final particle size average percentage deviation was 16.19%. Besides using Rittinger’s energy equation to obtain fine particles, the use of Orua Antia minimum energy equation may possibly further achieve desired finer particle size(s).
{"title":"Comparative Assessment of Comminution Energy Equations (Models) Using Some Selected Legumes, Tubers, Cereals and Sea Food","authors":"William A Olosunde, Abasiama J Akpan, Orua O Antia","doi":"10.54536/ajgt.v2i1.1969","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54536/ajgt.v2i1.1969","url":null,"abstract":"The quest to predict more precisely energy that is just enough to achieve closely any desired final particle size of food material subjected to comminution is necessary. This is to avoid energy wastage, obtain finer product size(s) that are uniform and can encourage easy mixing, dehydration/drying, etc. In this regard, some selected legumes (soybeans and beans), cereals (sorghum, millet, corn and wheat), sea food (crayfish) and tubers (cassava and yam) were subjected to comminution through the application of some major energy equations (models); as they find various applications in food industries. Four energy equations (models) namely the Kick’s, Rittinger’s and Bond’s for size reduction and the OruaAntia’s minimum energy equation for mass-size reduction were employed. The constant in each equation (model) to be applied in grinding of selected food materials was determined and used in obtaining the required specific energy of comminution needed to accomplish desired final product size(s). The corresponding grinding time expected to achieve the desired final product were computed and used in operating the grinding machine. Results revealed that the OruaAntia’s minimum energy equation for mass-size reduction operation may be applied on the selected food materials to achieve very closely any desired final average particle diameter with a percentage deviation of 1.66% followed with Rittinger’s equation having average percentage deviation of 6.88%. Technical analysis re-affirm that Kick’s equation could only achieve coarse particles as the final particle size showed average percentage deviation of 38.40%, while Bond’s equation may be limited to prediction of coarse and intermediate particles; since the final particle size average percentage deviation was 16.19%. Besides using Rittinger’s energy equation to obtain fine particles, the use of Orua Antia minimum energy equation may possibly further achieve desired finer particle size(s).","PeriodicalId":470513,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Geospatial Technology","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136342064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Victor Fredrick, Mohammed Aliyu Modibbo, Kamorudeen Folorunso Aleem
The dynamics of crime and its nature expose the State to the security threat. The types of criminal activities perpetrated within the communities, including armed robbery, kidnapping, and car and motorcycle snatching, are rapidly increasing. These crimes have” threatened security in Bauchi Local Government and hence the need to check by providing relevant information using modern technology. The geospatial technique combined with the Key Informant Interview approach was adopted to evaluate the intensity of insecurity in Bauchi LGA; from the data collected and analysed, it was established that criminal activities are increasing in various areas leading to the rapid increase in crime hotspots. As a result, the security agency needs to improve the nature of its functionality in combating crimes. Despite the fact that 70.35% of the security agency outpost are functional while 29.62% of the Outpost are non-functional, the security agency recorded 1081 crimes in 2020, which increased to 1142 crimes in 2021 and 1640 in 2022. Also, looking at the 645,000-population density of Bauchi LGA and the ratio of security personnel to individuals of 1:3581, which need to meet the United Nations standard of a ratio of 1:450. Given this, it was recommended that the State create job opportunities and skill acquisition training for unemployed youth roaming the streets. The security agency needs to develop a new strategy for combatting the security threat using geospatial technology and frequent production of security threat maps and their mitigation.
{"title":"Combating the Threat of Crime in the Security of the Bauchi Local Government Area Using Geospatial Technology","authors":"Victor Fredrick, Mohammed Aliyu Modibbo, Kamorudeen Folorunso Aleem","doi":"10.54536/ajgt.v1i2.1438","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54536/ajgt.v1i2.1438","url":null,"abstract":"The dynamics of crime and its nature expose the State to the security threat. The types of criminal activities perpetrated within the communities, including armed robbery, kidnapping, and car and motorcycle snatching, are rapidly increasing. These crimes have” threatened security in Bauchi Local Government and hence the need to check by providing relevant information using modern technology. The geospatial technique combined with the Key Informant Interview approach was adopted to evaluate the intensity of insecurity in Bauchi LGA; from the data collected and analysed, it was established that criminal activities are increasing in various areas leading to the rapid increase in crime hotspots. As a result, the security agency needs to improve the nature of its functionality in combating crimes. Despite the fact that 70.35% of the security agency outpost are functional while 29.62% of the Outpost are non-functional, the security agency recorded 1081 crimes in 2020, which increased to 1142 crimes in 2021 and 1640 in 2022. Also, looking at the 645,000-population density of Bauchi LGA and the ratio of security personnel to individuals of 1:3581, which need to meet the United Nations standard of a ratio of 1:450. Given this, it was recommended that the State create job opportunities and skill acquisition training for unemployed youth roaming the streets. The security agency needs to develop a new strategy for combatting the security threat using geospatial technology and frequent production of security threat maps and their mitigation.","PeriodicalId":470513,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Geospatial Technology","volume":"110 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135792783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Naomi A Bajao, Gennylou P Nuñez, Shaina Mae M Bontia, Kevin Vincent C Montecillo
As the world kicks back from the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic, educational institutions have thus embraced the significant contribution of digitization in their day-to-day operations. As a university, Cebu Technological University Tuburan Campus had also implemented hybrid transactions, providing digital measures to most of its processes including delivery of instructions, students information systems as well as biometric daily time record. This project was developed to provide a database for faculty profile which is responsive to the professional growth of faculty members in order to provide ready reference where needed like organizational changes, among others. The system was built using PHP, HTML, CSS, Bootstrap, JavaScript, and MySQL. Upon testing, the web-based faculty development management system was able to accept faculty registration, handle profile enhancement by individual faculty users as well as output reports according to pre-specified keyword such as subjects handled, designations, academic rank and educational background. Further improvements of the system were also noted like research expertise matching for the purposes of peer reviews and references for consultancy and expert opinions.
{"title":"Web-based Faculty Development Management System","authors":"Naomi A Bajao, Gennylou P Nuñez, Shaina Mae M Bontia, Kevin Vincent C Montecillo","doi":"10.54536/ajgt.v1i2.1425","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54536/ajgt.v1i2.1425","url":null,"abstract":"As the world kicks back from the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic, educational institutions have thus embraced the significant contribution of digitization in their day-to-day operations. As a university, Cebu Technological University Tuburan Campus had also implemented hybrid transactions, providing digital measures to most of its processes including delivery of instructions, students information systems as well as biometric daily time record. This project was developed to provide a database for faculty profile which is responsive to the professional growth of faculty members in order to provide ready reference where needed like organizational changes, among others. The system was built using PHP, HTML, CSS, Bootstrap, JavaScript, and MySQL. Upon testing, the web-based faculty development management system was able to accept faculty registration, handle profile enhancement by individual faculty users as well as output reports according to pre-specified keyword such as subjects handled, designations, academic rank and educational background. Further improvements of the system were also noted like research expertise matching for the purposes of peer reviews and references for consultancy and expert opinions.","PeriodicalId":470513,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Geospatial Technology","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135905809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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