Subjective wellness scores reflect athlete responses to training, fatigue, personal experiences, and recovery, and evidence suggests these scores may differ between athletes based on sex. This study aimed to evaluate the differences in daily wellness scores between sexes in collegiate soccer, swimming, and basketball athletes. Athletes (n = 294, 63% female) completed daily wellness surveys for energy, health status, mood, muscle readiness, sleep quality, sleep duration, stress, diet, and overall wellness. Variables were evaluated on a 5-point Likert scale, except sleep duration, quantified in hours. Repeated measures, mixed linear models, repeated measures, and ordinal logistic models were used to assess sex differences in wellness outcomes. In basketball, females have 0.30 times the odds (95% CI 0.19, 0.48) of males of a worse health status score. For soccer, females have 2.45 times the odds (95% CI 1.32, 4.44) of males with a worse stress wellness score. In swimming, females, on average, slept 0.40 more hours of sleep per night (95% CI 0.02, 0.79) as compared to males. These data suggest that differences in wellness subcomponents are nuanced by sport. This information can be used to provide targeted programming for athletes to improve wellness and reduce stress, which may subsequently enhance mental health, academic performance, and sports performance.
主观健康评分反映了运动员对训练、疲劳、个人经历和恢复的反应，有证据表明这些评分可能因性别而异。本研究旨在评估大学生足球、游泳和篮球运动员的日常健康评分在性别上的差异。运动员（n = 294，63% 为女性）完成了有关能量、健康状况、情绪、肌肉准备状态、睡眠质量、睡眠时间、压力、饮食和整体健康的日常健康调查。除睡眠时间（以小时为单位）外，其他变量均采用 5 点李克特量表进行评估。采用重复测量、混合线性模型、重复测量和序数逻辑模型来评估健康结果的性别差异。在篮球比赛中，女性健康状况较差的几率是男性的 0.30 倍（95% CI 0.19，0.48）。在足球运动中，女性压力健康状况得分较差的几率是男性的 2.45 倍（95% CI 1.32，4.44）。在游泳项目中，女性平均每晚睡眠时间比男性多 0.40 小时（95% CI 0.02，0.79）。这些数据表明，不同运动的健康子要素之间存在细微差别。这些信息可用于为运动员提供有针对性的计划，以改善健康状况和减轻压力，从而提高心理健康水平、学习成绩和运动表现。
{"title":"Sex Differences in Wellness Scores in Collegiate Athletes","authors":"Jennifer A Bunn, Michael R Jiroutek","doi":"10.58524/002024336800","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58524/002024336800","url":null,"abstract":"Subjective wellness scores reflect athlete responses to training, fatigue, personal experiences, and recovery, and evidence suggests these scores may differ between athletes based on sex. This study aimed to evaluate the differences in daily wellness scores between sexes in collegiate soccer, swimming, and basketball athletes. Athletes (n = 294, 63% female) completed daily wellness surveys for energy, health status, mood, muscle readiness, sleep quality, sleep duration, stress, diet, and overall wellness. Variables were evaluated on a 5-point Likert scale, except sleep duration, quantified in hours. Repeated measures, mixed linear models, repeated measures, and ordinal logistic models were used to assess sex differences in wellness outcomes. In basketball, females have 0.30 times the odds (95% CI 0.19, 0.48) of males of a worse health status score. For soccer, females have 2.45 times the odds (95% CI 1.32, 4.44) of males with a worse stress wellness score. In swimming, females, on average, slept 0.40 more hours of sleep per night (95% CI 0.02, 0.79) as compared to males. These data suggest that differences in wellness subcomponents are nuanced by sport. This information can be used to provide targeted programming for athletes to improve wellness and reduce stress, which may subsequently enhance mental health, academic performance, and sports performance.","PeriodicalId":476163,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Coaching and Sports Science","volume":"56 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140970136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Severiano Tiberi, Joseph I. Esformes, George Jennings, Steve Cooper, Jeremy Moody
To explore collegiate student-athletes? preferences of coaching leadership behaviours in strength and conditioning (SC) coaching and evaluate differences between the preferences of coaching leadership behaviours based on task dependence. Method a total of 145 National Collegiate Athletic Association student-athletes (independent sports athletes = 48, interdependent sports athletes = 97), aged 18-25 years, with a mean = 3 (SD = ±1) SC sessions per week, participated. Participants completed an electronic questionnaire involving the athletes? preference version of the Revised Leadership Scale for SC. Results summary statistics revealed that the most favoured behaviour was 'training and instruction', median = 4.5 (IQR = 1.0), while the least favoured was ?autocratic?, median = 2.0 (IQR = 0.5). Independent sports athletes preferred training and instruction more (median = 5.0, IQR = 0.6) than interdependent sports athletes (median = 4.5, IQR = 1.0). Interdependent sports athletes preferred social support more (median = 3.5, IQR = 1.0) than independent sports athletes (median = 3.0, IQR = 0.6). The observation of a marginal statistically significant difference for social support suggests task-dependence-based variations (p = 0.018). However, small effect sizes indicate that differences are not practically significant. Conclusion and recommendation: this study presents insights into the preferences of coaching leadership behaviours among student-athletes in SC coaching. It highlights key behaviours such as training and instruction, positive feedback, situational considerations, and social support. These findings inform coaching practice and provide a foundation for further research into coaching leadership behaviours in SC coaching.
{"title":"Exploring Coaching Leadership Behaviours in Strength and Conditioning Coaching: Preferences of NCAA Division I and II Collegiate Student-Athletes Based on Task Dependence","authors":"Severiano Tiberi, Joseph I. Esformes, George Jennings, Steve Cooper, Jeremy Moody","doi":"10.58524/002024336600","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58524/002024336600","url":null,"abstract":"To explore collegiate student-athletes? preferences of coaching leadership behaviours in strength and conditioning (SC) coaching and evaluate differences between the preferences of coaching leadership behaviours based on task dependence. Method a total of 145 National Collegiate Athletic Association student-athletes (independent sports athletes = 48, interdependent sports athletes = 97), aged 18-25 years, with a mean = 3 (SD = ±1) SC sessions per week, participated. Participants completed an electronic questionnaire involving the athletes? preference version of the Revised Leadership Scale for SC. Results summary statistics revealed that the most favoured behaviour was 'training and instruction', median = 4.5 (IQR = 1.0), while the least favoured was ?autocratic?, median = 2.0 (IQR = 0.5). Independent sports athletes preferred training and instruction more (median = 5.0, IQR = 0.6) than interdependent sports athletes (median = 4.5, IQR = 1.0). Interdependent sports athletes preferred social support more (median = 3.5, IQR = 1.0) than independent sports athletes (median = 3.0, IQR = 0.6). The observation of a marginal statistically significant difference for social support suggests task-dependence-based variations (p = 0.018). However, small effect sizes indicate that differences are not practically significant. Conclusion and recommendation: this study presents insights into the preferences of coaching leadership behaviours among student-athletes in SC coaching. It highlights key behaviours such as training and instruction, positive feedback, situational considerations, and social support. These findings inform coaching practice and provide a foundation for further research into coaching leadership behaviours in SC coaching.","PeriodicalId":476163,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Coaching and Sports Science","volume":"120 15","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140985214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zuzanna Malinowska, Iana-Maria Hadjieva, Julia Majsiak, Joanna Michalina Jurek
Elite sports environments can increase psychiatric conditions like stress and depression due to social pressure for specific body shapes, encouraging disordered eating behaviors, especially in endurance, aesthetic, and weight-dependent sports. This review aims to investigate eating habits among athletes suffering from poor mental health and identify dietary strategies or nutritional advice to mitigate these conditions in physically active individuals. The review focused on studies conducted after 2010 involving adults in any level of regular physical activity, showcasing psychiatric symptoms related to a disordered relationship with food, including depression and various eating disorders. The search on the literature databases was conducted on 20th October 2023 through multiple electronic databases (PubMed, SCOPUS, and Google Scholar) to capture as many relevant citations as possible. Exclusions were made for studies on children or psychiatric patients. The research was sourced from significant databases, emphasizing the correlation between dietary habits and mental health in athletes. Findings reveal that athletes, particularly in ultra-endurance and weight-dependent sports, are susceptible to psychiatric disorders such as depression, anxiety, and exercise addiction. Competitive bodybuilders also showed higher levels of depression and orthorexia nervosa symptoms. Tailored nutrition therapy, guided by healthcare professionals and adjusted to each athlete's specific needs and preferences, is crucial for addressing psychiatric symptoms and eating disorders in athletes. A holistic approach to recovery and well-being can significantly enhance both performance and overall quality of life, underscoring the importance of high-quality, balanced diets in supporting mental health and athletes' achievement.
{"title":"A Review: Exploring Nutrition Approaches to Improve Mental Health Among Athletes: Focus on Depression and Disordered Eating","authors":"Zuzanna Malinowska, Iana-Maria Hadjieva, Julia Majsiak, Joanna Michalina Jurek","doi":"10.58524/002024334800","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58524/002024334800","url":null,"abstract":"Elite sports environments can increase psychiatric conditions like stress and depression due to social pressure for specific body shapes, encouraging disordered eating behaviors, especially in endurance, aesthetic, and weight-dependent sports. This review aims to investigate eating habits among athletes suffering from poor mental health and identify dietary strategies or nutritional advice to mitigate these conditions in physically active individuals. The review focused on studies conducted after 2010 involving adults in any level of regular physical activity, showcasing psychiatric symptoms related to a disordered relationship with food, including depression and various eating disorders. The search on the literature databases was conducted on 20th October 2023 through multiple electronic databases (PubMed, SCOPUS, and Google Scholar) to capture as many relevant citations as possible. Exclusions were made for studies on children or psychiatric patients. The research was sourced from significant databases, emphasizing the correlation between dietary habits and mental health in athletes. Findings reveal that athletes, particularly in ultra-endurance and weight-dependent sports, are susceptible to psychiatric disorders such as depression, anxiety, and exercise addiction. Competitive bodybuilders also showed higher levels of depression and orthorexia nervosa symptoms. Tailored nutrition therapy, guided by healthcare professionals and adjusted to each athlete's specific needs and preferences, is crucial for addressing psychiatric symptoms and eating disorders in athletes. A holistic approach to recovery and well-being can significantly enhance both performance and overall quality of life, underscoring the importance of high-quality, balanced diets in supporting mental health and athletes' achievement.","PeriodicalId":476163,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Coaching and Sports Science","volume":"29 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140739875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rick Dann, Llion Roberts, Jonathon Headrick, Vincent Kelly, Alex Donaldson, A. McKenzie, S. Duhig
This study aimed to explore the perspectives of surfers and support staff on the relevance and practicality of various surfing training modalities to enhance surfing-specific maneuvers. Employing the Concept Systems groupwisdomTM platform, data were collected from 29 participants (18 support staff and 11 surfers) using concept mapping, a method known for capturing context-specific insights. The participants generated 101 statements regarding training modalities, then refined to 58 and categorised into four clusters through multidimensional scaling and hierarchical cluster analysis: education and mindset, physical preparation, in-water training, and dry-land training. The clusters were rated based on importance and feasibility on a 10-point scale. The findings revealed that the education and mindset cluster was considered the most crucial (mean = 7.5) and feasible (8.1), while dry-land training was viewed as the least important (mean = 5.9) and feasible (mean = 6.0). A notable discrepancy was observed in the perceived importance of dry-land training between surfers (mean = 6.48) and support staff (mean = 5.61), indicating differing viewpoints. The study concludes that training programs should prioritise education and mindset, physical preparation, in-water training, and dry-land training, in that order. It also suggests the need to consider diverse opinions on dry-land training and recommends a constraints-led approach to training design, acknowledging the unique challenges in surf training. This research provides novel insights into the design of effective training environments for skill-based surfing maneuvers.
{"title":"Athlete and Support Staff Perceptions of Training Modalities for the Development of Surfing-Specific Manoeuvres: A Concept Mapping Approach","authors":"Rick Dann, Llion Roberts, Jonathon Headrick, Vincent Kelly, Alex Donaldson, A. McKenzie, S. Duhig","doi":"10.58524/002024334200","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58524/002024334200","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to explore the perspectives of surfers and support staff on the relevance and practicality of various surfing training modalities to enhance surfing-specific maneuvers. Employing the Concept Systems groupwisdomTM platform, data were collected from 29 participants (18 support staff and 11 surfers) using concept mapping, a method known for capturing context-specific insights. The participants generated 101 statements regarding training modalities, then refined to 58 and categorised into four clusters through multidimensional scaling and hierarchical cluster analysis: education and mindset, physical preparation, in-water training, and dry-land training. The clusters were rated based on importance and feasibility on a 10-point scale. The findings revealed that the education and mindset cluster was considered the most crucial (mean = 7.5) and feasible (8.1), while dry-land training was viewed as the least important (mean = 5.9) and feasible (mean = 6.0). A notable discrepancy was observed in the perceived importance of dry-land training between surfers (mean = 6.48) and support staff (mean = 5.61), indicating differing viewpoints. The study concludes that training programs should prioritise education and mindset, physical preparation, in-water training, and dry-land training, in that order. It also suggests the need to consider diverse opinions on dry-land training and recommends a constraints-led approach to training design, acknowledging the unique challenges in surf training. This research provides novel insights into the design of effective training environments for skill-based surfing maneuvers.","PeriodicalId":476163,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Coaching and Sports Science","volume":"80 24","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140080177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Various kinds of research aimed at evaluating the field of sports using the countenance model have been carried out. This literature review uses a countenance evaluation model to examine the condition of the coaching program in sports in Indonesia. The method used is the Google Scholar database on sports evaluation of the countenance model. Sources of data used were primary data from 15 articles, with the type of evaluation research. The article selection stage was carried out by (1) Identification, (2) screening, (3) eligibility, and (4) being included in the criteria. From the results of the article study, the coaching program in each sport was poor. The most prominent thing is at the transaction stage. There were many shortcomings, from inadequate facilities, the consumption of athletes that did not meet nutritional standards, and the lack of athlete welfare.
{"title":"Evaluation of Sports Coaching Programs in Indonesian Using the Countenance Model","authors":"Triatmo Joko Purnomo, Wawan Eko Prasetyo, Mochammad Nasmay Lupita, Shokhan Abdulrahman","doi":"10.58524/002024324100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58524/002024324100","url":null,"abstract":"Various kinds of research aimed at evaluating the field of sports using the countenance model have been carried out. This literature review uses a countenance evaluation model to examine the condition of the coaching program in sports in Indonesia. The method used is the Google Scholar database on sports evaluation of the countenance model. Sources of data used were primary data from 15 articles, with the type of evaluation research. The article selection stage was carried out by (1) Identification, (2) screening, (3) eligibility, and (4) being included in the criteria. From the results of the article study, the coaching program in each sport was poor. The most prominent thing is at the transaction stage. There were many shortcomings, from inadequate facilities, the consumption of athletes that did not meet nutritional standards, and the lack of athlete welfare.","PeriodicalId":476163,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Coaching and Sports Science","volume":"68 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138997311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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