The paper is dealing with a 3D printed robotic arm, which is capable to use in the education. The RRR type, 4 degrees of freedom robot is designed in the Autodesk Fusion 360 software, the body of each joint is manufactured by the use of Fused Deposition Modelling technology. The system uses micro servo units as actuators, the control unit is an ATmega2560 microcontroller. Inverse kinematics problem of the arm is solved by geometric approach, joint angles to be determined serve the basis of the control. The workspace of the robot can be analysed via a special purpose Excel spreadsheet. The control program is developed under VS Code software. The system has an OLED screen, which can give information about the reachability of the coordinates, and the state of the robotic arm. The points to be reached are contained by the uploaded control program. The system is capable to use as demonstrating purposes, especially for engineering students.
{"title":"Design and Control of a 3D Printed Robotic Arm","authors":"Tamás Bárány, László Rónai","doi":"10.21496/ams.2023.029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21496/ams.2023.029","url":null,"abstract":"The paper is dealing with a 3D printed robotic arm, which is capable to use in the education. The RRR type, 4 degrees of freedom robot is designed in the Autodesk Fusion 360 software, the body of each joint is manufactured by the use of Fused Deposition Modelling technology. The system uses micro servo units as actuators, the control unit is an ATmega2560 microcontroller. Inverse kinematics problem of the arm is solved by geometric approach, joint angles to be determined serve the basis of the control. The workspace of the robot can be analysed via a special purpose Excel spreadsheet. The control program is developed under VS Code software. The system has an OLED screen, which can give information about the reachability of the coordinates, and the state of the robotic arm. The points to be reached are contained by the uploaded control program. The system is capable to use as demonstrating purposes, especially for engineering students.","PeriodicalId":476179,"journal":{"name":"Acta Mechanica Slovaca","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135256690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study aimed to investigate the effects of welding sequences on residual stresses and distortions of welded components, using computational thermomechanical model-based finite element analysis (FEA). Residual stresses, a common outcome of welding, can cause material distortions and reduce product quality. We used FEA to simulate transient temperature fields generated during welding and evaluated their impact on the amplitude and distribution of residual stresses, the size of fusion and heat-affected zones, material microstructures, properties and fracture toughness. The study focused on an austenitic pipe butt junction, a commonly welded component in various industries. The identification of optimal welding sequences can minimize residual stresses and distortions, providing valuable insights for the development of efficient welding techniques, improved product quality, and reduced manufacturing costs.
{"title":"Effects of Welding Sequences on Residual Stresses in a Butt Joint of Austenitic Piping","authors":"Chouaib Zeghida, Abdelmoumene Guedri","doi":"10.21496/ams.2023.026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21496/ams.2023.026","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to investigate the effects of welding sequences on residual stresses and distortions of welded components, using computational thermomechanical model-based finite element analysis (FEA). Residual stresses, a common outcome of welding, can cause material distortions and reduce product quality. We used FEA to simulate transient temperature fields generated during welding and evaluated their impact on the amplitude and distribution of residual stresses, the size of fusion and heat-affected zones, material microstructures, properties and fracture toughness. The study focused on an austenitic pipe butt junction, a commonly welded component in various industries. The identification of optimal welding sequences can minimize residual stresses and distortions, providing valuable insights for the development of efficient welding techniques, improved product quality, and reduced manufacturing costs.","PeriodicalId":476179,"journal":{"name":"Acta Mechanica Slovaca","volume":"62 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135256692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Elena Lukac Jurgovska, Ervin Lumnitzer, Miriam Andrejiova
The electric field strength is a legally defined, directly measurable quantity for the evaluation, assessment, and objectivity of electromagnetic fields in the environment. This contribution is devoted to the analysis of the temporal dependency of changes in the intensity of electric fields generated by base stations of mobile operators. It focuses mainly on the time interval, the location of the measuring point, and the selected day during the week in which the electric field effort measurement was performed. Measurements were made at the selected industrial site and at the designated measurement sites. Measurements were made on selective days of the week and on selective hours from 8 AM to 8 PM. The contribution shall analyse in detail the specific days and times of measurement using the ANOVA and Scheffe's method. The lowest values measured were recorded over the weekend and in the evening. The evaluation of the measured data was aimed at demonstrating the reasonableness of the choice of measurement time to the values of the measured values. Dependencies are found for the selected function of the selected locality-industrial zone.
{"title":"Research into the methodology for measuring electromagnetic fields generated by base transceiver stations","authors":"Elena Lukac Jurgovska, Ervin Lumnitzer, Miriam Andrejiova","doi":"10.21496/ams.2023.027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21496/ams.2023.027","url":null,"abstract":"The electric field strength is a legally defined, directly measurable quantity for the evaluation, assessment, and objectivity of electromagnetic fields in the environment. This contribution is devoted to the analysis of the temporal dependency of changes in the intensity of electric fields generated by base stations of mobile operators. It focuses mainly on the time interval, the location of the measuring point, and the selected day during the week in which the electric field effort measurement was performed. Measurements were made at the selected industrial site and at the designated measurement sites. Measurements were made on selective days of the week and on selective hours from 8 AM to 8 PM. The contribution shall analyse in detail the specific days and times of measurement using the ANOVA and Scheffe's method. The lowest values measured were recorded over the weekend and in the evening. The evaluation of the measured data was aimed at demonstrating the reasonableness of the choice of measurement time to the values of the measured values. Dependencies are found for the selected function of the selected locality-industrial zone.","PeriodicalId":476179,"journal":{"name":"Acta Mechanica Slovaca","volume":"64 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135256689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bibiána Ondrejová, Branko Štefanovič, Monika Michalíková, Lucia Bednarčíková, Martin Juhás, Viktória Rajťuková, Jozef Živčák
The proposed work deals with the production of a thumb prosthesis from ASA (Acrylonitrile-styrene-acrylic) material using FDM (Fused deposition modeling) additive manufacturing technology. The prosthesis serves as a substitute for the deformity of the hand (absence of the thumb including the metacarpal bone) and as a support point for grasping objects to restore the lost opposition function of the thumb. The shape of the thumb and the socket of the prosthesis are designed individually based on a 3D scan of the subject's healthy hand. The design of the prosthesis was developed according to the anatomically correct condition and the user's requirements. The socket of the prosthesis sufficiently copies the relief of the subject's hand, which results in a sufficient attachment of the prosthesis to the hand segment and the comfort of the subject while wearing the prosthetic aid.
{"title":"Prosthetic Thumb Design and Development by Additive Manufacturing","authors":"Bibiána Ondrejová, Branko Štefanovič, Monika Michalíková, Lucia Bednarčíková, Martin Juhás, Viktória Rajťuková, Jozef Živčák","doi":"10.21496/ams.2023.028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21496/ams.2023.028","url":null,"abstract":"The proposed work deals with the production of a thumb prosthesis from ASA (Acrylonitrile-styrene-acrylic) material using FDM (Fused deposition modeling) additive manufacturing technology. The prosthesis serves as a substitute for the deformity of the hand (absence of the thumb including the metacarpal bone) and as a support point for grasping objects to restore the lost opposition function of the thumb. The shape of the thumb and the socket of the prosthesis are designed individually based on a 3D scan of the subject's healthy hand. The design of the prosthesis was developed according to the anatomically correct condition and the user's requirements. The socket of the prosthesis sufficiently copies the relief of the subject's hand, which results in a sufficient attachment of the prosthesis to the hand segment and the comfort of the subject while wearing the prosthetic aid.","PeriodicalId":476179,"journal":{"name":"Acta Mechanica Slovaca","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135256694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Miroslav Čička, Renáta Turisová, Ferdinand Kóča, Hana Pačaiová
In today's world, AISI stainless steel accounts for almost half of the world's production and consumption for industrial purposes. Stainless steel is the most popular alloy widely used in the production of parts due to its properties such as high strength, high corrosion resistance or high ductility, but they are hard materials to machine from the metallurgical aspect, such as low thermal conductivity, chip formation, cutting tool wear. The focus of the paper is on machining stainless steel - a review, where various machining problems are discussed by different researchers and their probable solution can provide help to reduce tool wear, increase corrosion resistance, high surface quality finish by reducing machining complexity. The article also provides a detailed specification of the most important factors that significantly affect the lifespan of tools used for machining austenitic stainless steel.
{"title":"Machining of Austenitic Stainless Steels - the Influence of Various Factors on the Machining Result","authors":"Miroslav Čička, Renáta Turisová, Ferdinand Kóča, Hana Pačaiová","doi":"10.21496/ams.2023.022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21496/ams.2023.022","url":null,"abstract":"In today's world, AISI stainless steel accounts for almost half of the world's production and consumption for industrial purposes. Stainless steel is the most popular alloy widely used in the production of parts due to its properties such as high strength, high corrosion resistance or high ductility, but they are hard materials to machine from the metallurgical aspect, such as low thermal conductivity, chip formation, cutting tool wear. The focus of the paper is on machining stainless steel - a review, where various machining problems are discussed by different researchers and their probable solution can provide help to reduce tool wear, increase corrosion resistance, high surface quality finish by reducing machining complexity. The article also provides a detailed specification of the most important factors that significantly affect the lifespan of tools used for machining austenitic stainless steel.","PeriodicalId":476179,"journal":{"name":"Acta Mechanica Slovaca","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135256693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Miroslav Tomáš, Juliy Martyn Kulya, Vladimír Kokarda
The article deals with the formability testing of dual-phase steel DP800 that is used for the production of parts used in the rear deformation zone of the car body. The thickness of the steel was 1.6mm, and the Limit Dome Height test was performed on an Erichsen 145-60 testing machine. Specimens of different widths were stretched up to the fracture, and the punch path and force were measured. Specimens were etched to create a deformation grid of dots in order to measure the strain distribution using the photogrammetric system Argus. Then, the simulation model of the LDH test was created, and the punch path was set to calculate the strain distribution when constitutive equations Hill 48 and the Hollomon model described the material. The results of strain distribution measured experimentally were compared to those numerically simulated using both explicit and implicit simulation software. Limit Dome Height (LDH=23.5±1.5mm) was reached for specimen 108 mm, and measurements of strain distribution confirmed the plain strain state. A better description of principal strain distribution was reached at numerical simulation by the implicit simulation software, where the relative error of both the maximum stretching force and principal strains was lower.
{"title":"Formability Evaluation and Strain Distribution at the Limit Dome Height Test of Dual-Phase Steel","authors":"Miroslav Tomáš, Juliy Martyn Kulya, Vladimír Kokarda","doi":"10.21496/ams.2023.031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21496/ams.2023.031","url":null,"abstract":"The article deals with the formability testing of dual-phase steel DP800 that is used for the production of parts used in the rear deformation zone of the car body. The thickness of the steel was 1.6mm, and the Limit Dome Height test was performed on an Erichsen 145-60 testing machine. Specimens of different widths were stretched up to the fracture, and the punch path and force were measured. Specimens were etched to create a deformation grid of dots in order to measure the strain distribution using the photogrammetric system Argus. Then, the simulation model of the LDH test was created, and the punch path was set to calculate the strain distribution when constitutive equations Hill 48 and the Hollomon model described the material. The results of strain distribution measured experimentally were compared to those numerically simulated using both explicit and implicit simulation software. Limit Dome Height (LDH=23.5±1.5mm) was reached for specimen 108 mm, and measurements of strain distribution confirmed the plain strain state. A better description of principal strain distribution was reached at numerical simulation by the implicit simulation software, where the relative error of both the maximum stretching force and principal strains was lower.","PeriodicalId":476179,"journal":{"name":"Acta Mechanica Slovaca","volume":"195 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135256695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Forecast of the Temperature Variation of an Elastohydrodynamic Contact by the Simple Exponential Smoothing Model (SES)","authors":"Hanene Louahem M'sabah, Azzedine Bouzaouit, Sabrina Mattallah","doi":"10.21496/ams.2023.030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21496/ams.2023.030","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":476179,"journal":{"name":"Acta Mechanica Slovaca","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135256691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article deals with a comparative study of the thermomechanical behavior of copper-steel and brass-steel tribological couples, as a function of functional parameters: contact mode, dynamic torsor, contact kinematics and the materials making up the tribosystem. For this purpose, friction and wear tests were carried out using a pin-disc tribometer, in an atmospheric environment. This consists of a copper or brass pin rubbing dry against a rotating steel disc. A Comsol Multiphysics numerical code was used to evaluate contact temperature, mechanical stresses and deformations at the interface of the pairs. The results obtained show that the above-mentioned parameters have a significant influence on the tribomechanical and thermal behavior of the two couples. Indeed, the dissipation of heat by sliding modifies the physicochemical and mechanical properties of the materials, and promotes the oxidation process. In addition to the formation of oxides, the mutual material transfer mechanism plays a key role in the friction and wear of the couples. The discussion of the results is based on macroscopic and microscopic observations of worn surfaces and the interfacial phenomena resulting from sliding.
{"title":"Analysis of the Tribothermal and Mechanical Behavior of Copper-Steel and Brass-Steel Sliding Couples","authors":"Boubechou Choubeila, Bouchoucha Ali, Bouzaouit Azeddine","doi":"10.21496/ams.2023.032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21496/ams.2023.032","url":null,"abstract":"This article deals with a comparative study of the thermomechanical behavior of copper-steel and brass-steel tribological couples, as a function of functional parameters: contact mode, dynamic torsor, contact kinematics and the materials making up the tribosystem. For this purpose, friction and wear tests were carried out using a pin-disc tribometer, in an atmospheric environment. This consists of a copper or brass pin rubbing dry against a rotating steel disc. A Comsol Multiphysics numerical code was used to evaluate contact temperature, mechanical stresses and deformations at the interface of the pairs. The results obtained show that the above-mentioned parameters have a significant influence on the tribomechanical and thermal behavior of the two couples. Indeed, the dissipation of heat by sliding modifies the physicochemical and mechanical properties of the materials, and promotes the oxidation process. In addition to the formation of oxides, the mutual material transfer mechanism plays a key role in the friction and wear of the couples. The discussion of the results is based on macroscopic and microscopic observations of worn surfaces and the interfacial phenomena resulting from sliding.","PeriodicalId":476179,"journal":{"name":"Acta Mechanica Slovaca","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135256696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Modern implementations of industrial robots require the use of extensive knowledge and novel concepts. To bring real benefits, robotized processes must be analysed in detail. This paper presents a preliminary study on the analysis of electric energy consumption of an industrial robot in the alternative palletization processes. Firstly, the robotization of manufacturing processes aspect was discussed and advantages of the robotic palletizing process were presented. Secondly, the utilized off-line robot programming environment and a model of the robotic workstation used during the study were described. Conducting analyses based on the alternative arrangement of elements in a pallet layer allowed discussion and the formulation of important conclusions. The research has confirmed the validity of detailed analysis of robotic production processes.
{"title":"Analysis of the Alternative Robotic Palletizing Processes in the Aspect of Electric Energy Consumption","authors":"Łukasz Sobaszek","doi":"10.21496/ams.2023.025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21496/ams.2023.025","url":null,"abstract":"Modern implementations of industrial robots require the use of extensive knowledge and novel concepts. To bring real benefits, robotized processes must be analysed in detail. This paper presents a preliminary study on the analysis of electric energy consumption of an industrial robot in the alternative palletization processes. Firstly, the robotization of manufacturing processes aspect was discussed and advantages of the robotic palletizing process were presented. Secondly, the utilized off-line robot programming environment and a model of the robotic workstation used during the study were described. Conducting analyses based on the alternative arrangement of elements in a pallet layer allowed discussion and the formulation of important conclusions. The research has confirmed the validity of detailed analysis of robotic production processes.","PeriodicalId":476179,"journal":{"name":"Acta Mechanica Slovaca","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134982208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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