Pub Date : 2024-03-02DOI: 10.1142/s2972426023710046
Ying Long, Enjia Zhang
The Fourth Industrial Revolution, marked by emerging/disruptive technologies like mobile internet, big data, robotics, artificial intelligence (AI), immersive media (VR/AR/MR), and the Internet of Things (IoT), is transforming cities and promoting urban development. This paper argues that these technologies foster urban studies and implementation in three pathways: methodology, epistemology, and practice. First, the new data environment offers a foundation for quantitative and objective urban studies, enabling researchers to treat cities as laboratories and conduct city experiments worldwide. Second, emerging technologies are reshaping contemporary urban life and space, promoting the update of urban theories. Third, these technologies are expected to be applied as new elements in the urban planning and design processes to create smart urban spatial forms that cater to contemporary needs. Overall, this paper highlights the potential significance of emerging technologies for urban research and development in terms of research methods and data support, theoretical updates and iterations, and practical urban planning and design.
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Pub Date : 2024-02-28DOI: 10.1142/s2972426023710034
Luís M A Bettencourt
Despite growing evidence of general patterns of urban development, urban planning and policy have remained largely normative, still lacking the conceptual frameworks and technical tools to learn cumulatively from work around the world and to extrapolate to entirely new situations, such as future sustainable cities. I argue here that a deeper understanding of urban processes using scientific methods appropriate to the study of cities and human development provides a host of new concepts and tools for this purpose. The present discussion gives a brief overview of the emerging conceptual and empirical basis for these findings. It illustrates the approach with the description of two conceptual tools, (i) the human-centric city, and (ii) the circularity diagram for material flows. These tools show how fundamental urban concepts can be articulated to analyze specific contextual situations and expand equity and sustainability in explicitly diverse, connected, and fast-changing cities.
尽管越来越多的证据表明了城市发展的一般模式，但城市规划和政策在很大程度上仍然是规范性的，仍然缺乏概念框架和技术工具，无法从世界各地的工作中积累经验，并推断出全新的情况，如未来的可持续城市。我在此认为，利用适合城市和人类发展研究的科学方法深入了解城市进程，可为此提供大量新概念和新工具。本讨论简要概述了这些发现的新兴概念和经验基础。它通过对两个概念工具的描述来说明这种方法：(i) 以人为本的城市和 (ii) 物质流循环图。这些工具展示了如何将基本的城市概念加以阐述，以分析具体的背景情况，并在明确多样、相互联系和快速变化的城市中扩大公平性和可持续性。
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