Pub Date : 2023-10-05DOI: 10.46610/jowrps.2023.v08i03.006
Md. Atik Fayshal, Tasnim Tarannum Jarin, Md Rahamat Ullah, S M Atikur Rahman, Anamika Ahmed Siddque, Iqtiar Md Siddique
The main issues with drain water in Khulna, Bangladesh, include contamination, a lack of infrastructure, and sensitivity to seasonal changes. This review paper discusses the different causes of drain water pollution, such as inadequate drainage systems and poor waste disposal procedures, as well as the effects of this pollution on the environment, such as waterlogging and ecosystem contamination. The length of the current drainage systems in Khulna is roughly 528.120 km, with primary drains covering 175.43 km (33.22%), secondary drains spanning 150.45 km (28.49%), and tertiary drains spanning 202.24 km (38.29%). 291.230 km (55.14%) of these are pucca, or well-constructed drains, 51.790 km (9.81%) are semi-pucca, and 185.10 km (35.05%) are kutcha, or earthen drains. However, research on drainage density in 31 wards revealed that wards 23 and 31 had the highest and lowest drainage densities, respectively, of 33.88 km/km2 and 3.06 km/km2, with a citywide average of 11.79 km/km2. 51 primary outflow sites make up the drainage system in Khulna City, which is drained by the Bhairab, Rupsha, Mayur, and Gallamari rivers. Additionally, according to recent research by the Khulna Development Authority (KDA), just 33% of city residents have access to some type of drainage facility close to their homes, leaving roughly 67% without designed drainage systems. The drainage systems at KCC have been discovered to need further upkeep and cleaning. This paper intends to offer useful insights for policymakers, researchers, and environmentalists working toward a sustainable and healthy urban environment in Khulna by illuminating the amount of drain water pollution and outlining numerous alternatives.
{"title":"A Comprehensive Review of Drain Water Pollution Potential and Environmental Control Strategies in Khulna, Bangladesh","authors":"Md. Atik Fayshal, Tasnim Tarannum Jarin, Md Rahamat Ullah, S M Atikur Rahman, Anamika Ahmed Siddque, Iqtiar Md Siddique","doi":"10.46610/jowrps.2023.v08i03.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46610/jowrps.2023.v08i03.006","url":null,"abstract":"The main issues with drain water in Khulna, Bangladesh, include contamination, a lack of infrastructure, and sensitivity to seasonal changes. This review paper discusses the different causes of drain water pollution, such as inadequate drainage systems and poor waste disposal procedures, as well as the effects of this pollution on the environment, such as waterlogging and ecosystem contamination. The length of the current drainage systems in Khulna is roughly 528.120 km, with primary drains covering 175.43 km (33.22%), secondary drains spanning 150.45 km (28.49%), and tertiary drains spanning 202.24 km (38.29%). 291.230 km (55.14%) of these are pucca, or well-constructed drains, 51.790 km (9.81%) are semi-pucca, and 185.10 km (35.05%) are kutcha, or earthen drains. However, research on drainage density in 31 wards revealed that wards 23 and 31 had the highest and lowest drainage densities, respectively, of 33.88 km/km2 and 3.06 km/km2, with a citywide average of 11.79 km/km2. 51 primary outflow sites make up the drainage system in Khulna City, which is drained by the Bhairab, Rupsha, Mayur, and Gallamari rivers. Additionally, according to recent research by the Khulna Development Authority (KDA), just 33% of city residents have access to some type of drainage facility close to their homes, leaving roughly 67% without designed drainage systems. The drainage systems at KCC have been discovered to need further upkeep and cleaning. This paper intends to offer useful insights for policymakers, researchers, and environmentalists working toward a sustainable and healthy urban environment in Khulna by illuminating the amount of drain water pollution and outlining numerous alternatives.","PeriodicalId":477133,"journal":{"name":"Journal of water resources and pollution studies","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134975359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-23DOI: 10.46610/jowrps.2023.v08i03.003
Priyankashri K N, Mahadeva M
The dairy industry generates wastewater with high levels of pollution, including Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD5), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), and Total Suspended Solids (TSS). This study aimed to assess the impact of various operational parameters, such as voltage, pH, and reaction time, on treating real dairy wastewater using the electro-coagulation process. Stainless Steel electrodes were employed with Sodium chloride as an electrolyte. The research focused on removing COD, BOD5, and TSS. Initially, experiments were conducted with different voltages (10V, 20V, and 30V) while keeping the electrode distance constant and using 0.5gms of NaCl. In the second stage, experiments varied the initial pH (4, 6, 8, and 10) under optimal contact time, maintaining 1.5cm electrode spacing. Initially, a 2mm electrode thickness was tested but resulted in high energy consumption, so subsequent experiments used a 0.5mm electrode thickness. The electrode dimensions remained consistent at 150mm X 250mm X 10mm. The highest removal efficiencies for COD, BOD5, and TSS were achieved with a 30V applied voltage and SS-SS electrode combination, reaching 96%, 93%, and 94%, respectively. This study concludes that the SS-SS electrode combination with a 0.5mm thickness was the most effective in reducing COD, BOD5, and TSS, while also generating comparatively less sludge.
乳制品行业产生的废水污染程度很高，包括生化需氧量(BOD5)、化学需氧量(COD)和总悬浮固体(TSS)。本研究旨在评估不同操作参数(如电压、pH值和反应时间)对电絮凝法处理实际乳制品废水的影响。不锈钢电极采用氯化钠作为电解液。研究重点是去除COD、BOD5和TSS。实验开始时，在保持电极距离不变的情况下，在不同电压(10V、20V、30V)下，使用0.5gms NaCl进行实验。在第二阶段，实验在最佳接触时间下改变初始pH(4、6、8和10)，保持1.5cm的电极间距。最初测试的电极厚度为2mm，但能耗高，因此后续实验使用了0.5mm的电极厚度。电极尺寸保持在150mm X 250mm X 10mm。在30V电压和SS-SS电极组合下，对COD、BOD5和TSS的去除率最高，分别达到96%、93%和94%。本研究得出0.5mm厚度的SS-SS电极组合在降低COD、BOD5和TSS方面效果最好，同时产生的污泥也相对较少。
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Pub Date : 2023-05-03DOI: 10.46610/jowrps.2023.v08i02.001
Fathima Henan E, Reena Abraham
Garbage enzyme solutions are prepared by fermentation of kitchen waste mainly vegetable and fruit peeled wastes by adding jaggery and water into it. In this paper solutions made in three different compositions are taken, one with only vegetable peels and one with only fruit peel and the last one with a mix of vegetable and fruit peeled waste and add it into domestic water which is collected from the kitchen of own house in three different percentages and find the best enzyme solution and its optimum percentage and analyzing its various applications. A comparative study of both the enzyme solution was done 60 days after filtration of the enzyme solutions. Garbage enzyme solution (10%) was found more effective in treating synthetic greywater. Hence it can be reused for irrigation purposes.
{"title":"Comparison of Garbage Enzyme Solutions in Treating Domestic Waste Water","authors":"Fathima Henan E, Reena Abraham","doi":"10.46610/jowrps.2023.v08i02.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46610/jowrps.2023.v08i02.001","url":null,"abstract":"Garbage enzyme solutions are prepared by fermentation of kitchen waste mainly vegetable and fruit peeled wastes by adding jaggery and water into it. In this paper solutions made in three different compositions are taken, one with only vegetable peels and one with only fruit peel and the last one with a mix of vegetable and fruit peeled waste and add it into domestic water which is collected from the kitchen of own house in three different percentages and find the best enzyme solution and its optimum percentage and analyzing its various applications. A comparative study of both the enzyme solution was done 60 days after filtration of the enzyme solutions. Garbage enzyme solution (10%) was found more effective in treating synthetic greywater. Hence it can be reused for irrigation purposes.","PeriodicalId":477133,"journal":{"name":"Journal of water resources and pollution studies","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135110932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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