With a view to devising a strategy for protecting groundnut seeds against Caryedon serratus, we tested the biological impact of a product called BioArt made from the leaves of certain plants indigenous to Senegal (Crataeva religiosa, Calotropis procera and Azadirachta indica) and aqueous extracts of Crataeva religiosa on the external forms of C. serratus. The BioArt product caused the greatest mortality in adults. It induced maximum elimination (100%) of adults with the highest dose C1. Extracts of C. religiosa were less effective than BioArt on adults. They induced a maximum effect of 53.33% mortality with the highest dose C1. Females treated with BioArt laid fewer eggs than those treated with aqueous extracts of C. religiosa. With regard to the sex ratio of survivors, a comparative study of the different solutions showed that the BioArt product favoured females, while the C. religiosa extracts were equally distributed between males and females. The ovicidal activity showed almost equal embryonic and larval mortality and a slight difference in pupal mortality (32.41% with BioArt and 47.18% with C. religiosa). Monitoring of surviving eggs showed a lengthening or shortening of the various development times, with larval development, total development and life span being shorter with the BioArt product. The sex ratio was in favour of females for both products.
{"title":"Comparative biocidal effect of BioArt and Crataeva religiosa extracts against the groundnut seed pest Caryedon serratus (OL.) in Senegal","authors":"Khady Fall, Ablaye Faye, Toffène Diome, Mbacké Sembène","doi":"10.53346/wjapls.2024.6.1.0022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53346/wjapls.2024.6.1.0022","url":null,"abstract":"With a view to devising a strategy for protecting groundnut seeds against Caryedon serratus, we tested the biological impact of a product called BioArt made from the leaves of certain plants indigenous to Senegal (Crataeva religiosa, Calotropis procera and Azadirachta indica) and aqueous extracts of Crataeva religiosa on the external forms of C. serratus. The BioArt product caused the greatest mortality in adults. It induced maximum elimination (100%) of adults with the highest dose C1. Extracts of C. religiosa were less effective than BioArt on adults. They induced a maximum effect of 53.33% mortality with the highest dose C1. Females treated with BioArt laid fewer eggs than those treated with aqueous extracts of C. religiosa. With regard to the sex ratio of survivors, a comparative study of the different solutions showed that the BioArt product favoured females, while the C. religiosa extracts were equally distributed between males and females. The ovicidal activity showed almost equal embryonic and larval mortality and a slight difference in pupal mortality (32.41% with BioArt and 47.18% with C. religiosa). Monitoring of surviving eggs showed a lengthening or shortening of the various development times, with larval development, total development and life span being shorter with the BioArt product. The sex ratio was in favour of females for both products.","PeriodicalId":477336,"journal":{"name":"World journal of advanced pharmaceutical and life sciences","volume":"60 16","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140362598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Medicinal plants are increasingly used by sub-Saharan populations for their health security. The chemical composition of Phyllanthus amarus organs can enhance the use of this broad-spectrum plant species against pathogens. P. amarus stems contain moisture ranging from 67.8% to 75.2%, chlorides, phosphates, nitrites and nitrates. The same aerial organs contain no sulfate or calcium. The ash content of P. amarus stems varies between 43 and 45%, an important proportion for exploring the mineral elements contained in organic matter and likely to serve as intermediary compounds in the synthesis of secondary metabolites.
{"title":"Exploration of the mineral compounds contained in the aerial organs of Phyllanthus amarus schumach and Thonn","authors":"Aristarque Mulonda Bulambo, Idrissa Assumani Zabo, Barouck Mafuta Basakuau","doi":"10.53346/wjapls.2024.6.1.0021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53346/wjapls.2024.6.1.0021","url":null,"abstract":"Medicinal plants are increasingly used by sub-Saharan populations for their health security. The chemical composition of Phyllanthus amarus organs can enhance the use of this broad-spectrum plant species against pathogens. P. amarus stems contain moisture ranging from 67.8% to 75.2%, chlorides, phosphates, nitrites and nitrates. The same aerial organs contain no sulfate or calcium. The ash content of P. amarus stems varies between 43 and 45%, an important proportion for exploring the mineral elements contained in organic matter and likely to serve as intermediary compounds in the synthesis of secondary metabolites.","PeriodicalId":477336,"journal":{"name":"World journal of advanced pharmaceutical and life sciences","volume":"49 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140363222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cannabis is a known illicit substance that is often used by pregnant women, however its potential impact on the developing embryo is unknown. Thus, this experiment used a zebrafish model to investigate how chronic exposure to cannabis tea affected zebrafish development and behaviour. Zebrafish embryos were exposed to cannabis tea prepared at concentrations of 5, 10 and 15 mg/L for 96 hours. The resulting mortality, hatching duration, morphological abnormalities, startle response, light-dark preference and optokinetic response were then assessed. The cannabis tea had a significant impact on the mortality, hatching duration, startle response and optokinetic response. The tea had a LC50 of 11.20 mg/L with mortality increasing with the tea concentration. The hatching duration increased with cannabis exposure (p = 0.046). For the startle response, the effect of the cannabis tea was concentration dependent, with higher concentrations reducing the startle response (p < 0.001). The optokinetic response initially increased at the lowest cannabis dose, but subsequent increase caused reductions in the response (p < 0.001). As for the morphological abnormalities, deformities were only observed in larvae exposed to cannabis. The cannabis tea also showed both anxiolytic and anxiogenic effects on the larvae in the light-dark preference assay. These results were comparable to studies investigating THC and CBD separately. Although more comprehensive research is required to offer a better understanding, these findings aid in our knowledge of how a cannabis whole extract influences development.
{"title":"Effects of cannabis tea on the development of zebrafish embryo and larval behaviour","authors":"Sanchia Pratt, Shelby-Kyra-Kerr, Stacey-Dana-Harris, Mohammad-Kutub-Ali","doi":"10.53346/wjapls.2024.6.1.0025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53346/wjapls.2024.6.1.0025","url":null,"abstract":"Cannabis is a known illicit substance that is often used by pregnant women, however its potential impact on the developing embryo is unknown. Thus, this experiment used a zebrafish model to investigate how chronic exposure to cannabis tea affected zebrafish development and behaviour. Zebrafish embryos were exposed to cannabis tea prepared at concentrations of 5, 10 and 15 mg/L for 96 hours. The resulting mortality, hatching duration, morphological abnormalities, startle response, light-dark preference and optokinetic response were then assessed. The cannabis tea had a significant impact on the mortality, hatching duration, startle response and optokinetic response. The tea had a LC50 of 11.20 mg/L with mortality increasing with the tea concentration. The hatching duration increased with cannabis exposure (p = 0.046). For the startle response, the effect of the cannabis tea was concentration dependent, with higher concentrations reducing the startle response (p < 0.001). The optokinetic response initially increased at the lowest cannabis dose, but subsequent increase caused reductions in the response (p < 0.001). As for the morphological abnormalities, deformities were only observed in larvae exposed to cannabis. The cannabis tea also showed both anxiolytic and anxiogenic effects on the larvae in the light-dark preference assay. These results were comparable to studies investigating THC and CBD separately. Although more comprehensive research is required to offer a better understanding, these findings aid in our knowledge of how a cannabis whole extract influences development.","PeriodicalId":477336,"journal":{"name":"World journal of advanced pharmaceutical and life sciences","volume":"44 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140363143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This research work was carried out by collecting 50 Pandinus imperator Scorpions and ascetically extracting venom locally from them and testing the venom on some selected bacteria. The extracted venom used was both in the lyophilized and crude (non-lyophilized) state to determine their different efficacy and was passed through a membrane filter to ensure sterility. Bacterial (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, and Acetinibacter baumannii) were isolated from drinking water sources of the University of Abuja after which it was preserved in slant for further use. Serotyped bacteria were also obtained and used in this study. Appropriate differential and selective agar were used to culture and sub-culture the isolates and serotyped while Analytical Profile Index (API) kits were used to confirm the isolated bacteria. A sensitivity test was carried out on each bacterium with the venom at concentrations of 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% for crude venom while 10, 20, 30, and 40 mg/ml for the lyophilized venom, minimum inhibitory concentration, and minimum bactericidal concentration were also determined. The result shows lowest zone for crude venom against isolated bacteria was 3mm at 25% against Acinetobacter baumanni while the highest was 11.5 mm at 100% against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, the lowest for crude venom against serotyped was 4 mm at 25% against Acinetobacter baumanni and highest was 12.2 mm at 100% against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, lowest zone for lyophilized venom against isolated bacteria was 2.8 mm at 10 mg/ml against Acinetobacter baumanni while highest was 10.8 mm at 40 mg/ml against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, also the lowest for lyophilized venom serotyped was 3.8 mm at 10 mg/ml against Acinetobacter baumanni and highest was 11.5 mm at 40 mg/ml against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The lowest MIC was 25% and 20 mg/ml while the highest was 50% and 30 mg/ml, the lowest MBC was 50% and 30 mg/ml while the lowest was 75% and 40 mg/ml. The toxicity of the venom was carried out by testing the venom on mice which shows no harmful effect on them. ANOVA statistical analysis carried out showed no significant difference in the activities of both venom states.
{"title":"Assessment of antibacterial efficacy and toxicological implications of emperor scorpion (Pandinus imperator) venom using animal model","authors":"Ayodeji Adams DAHUNSI, Bukola Catherine AKIN-OSANAIYE","doi":"10.53346/wjapls.2024.6.1.0082","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53346/wjapls.2024.6.1.0082","url":null,"abstract":"This research work was carried out by collecting 50 Pandinus imperator Scorpions and ascetically extracting venom locally from them and testing the venom on some selected bacteria. The extracted venom used was both in the lyophilized and crude (non-lyophilized) state to determine their different efficacy and was passed through a membrane filter to ensure sterility. Bacterial (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, and Acetinibacter baumannii) were isolated from drinking water sources of the University of Abuja after which it was preserved in slant for further use. Serotyped bacteria were also obtained and used in this study. Appropriate differential and selective agar were used to culture and sub-culture the isolates and serotyped while Analytical Profile Index (API) kits were used to confirm the isolated bacteria. A sensitivity test was carried out on each bacterium with the venom at concentrations of 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% for crude venom while 10, 20, 30, and 40 mg/ml for the lyophilized venom, minimum inhibitory concentration, and minimum bactericidal concentration were also determined. The result shows lowest zone for crude venom against isolated bacteria was 3mm at 25% against Acinetobacter baumanni while the highest was 11.5 mm at 100% against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, the lowest for crude venom against serotyped was 4 mm at 25% against Acinetobacter baumanni and highest was 12.2 mm at 100% against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, lowest zone for lyophilized venom against isolated bacteria was 2.8 mm at 10 mg/ml against Acinetobacter baumanni while highest was 10.8 mm at 40 mg/ml against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, also the lowest for lyophilized venom serotyped was 3.8 mm at 10 mg/ml against Acinetobacter baumanni and highest was 11.5 mm at 40 mg/ml against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The lowest MIC was 25% and 20 mg/ml while the highest was 50% and 30 mg/ml, the lowest MBC was 50% and 30 mg/ml while the lowest was 75% and 40 mg/ml. The toxicity of the venom was carried out by testing the venom on mice which shows no harmful effect on them. ANOVA statistical analysis carried out showed no significant difference in the activities of both venom states.","PeriodicalId":477336,"journal":{"name":"World journal of advanced pharmaceutical and life sciences","volume":"5 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139591210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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