Farid Fani Temarwut, Suprapto Prayitno, Saenal Edi Kamal, Skolastika Biana Sari, Evi Ayu Hartanti
The pancreas is an endocrine gland that produces the peptide hormones insulin, glucagon, and somatostatin, and also an exocrine gland that produces digestive enzymes. These hormones play an important role in regulating the body's metabolic activities, especially blood glucose homeostasis. The aim of this study was to investigate the ethanolic extract of butterfly pea flower (Clitoria ternatea L) against white rats (Rattus novergicus) induced by alloxan and to I the level of its damage. Fifteen male wistar rats (150-200 g) body weight (BW) were divided into 5 groups. The control healthy group, the placebo group and the extract treated group that received 150 mg/kg BW (group I), 300 mg/kg BW (group II) and 450 mg/kg BW (group III) orally. Placebo (Na-CMC) and extract were given for 5 consecutive days before alloxan administration (150 mg/kg BW) on days 6 and 7. Blood samples were taken to determine the glucose and albumin levels on day 0 (before treatment), on day 5 (after treatment of the extract but before the administration of alloxan), and on 6 and 7 after 24 h administration of alloxan. Alloxan induced gives a significant increase in glucose and albumin levels. The average of glucose level was 236.6±37.6 mg/dl in the health control, 252±28.1 mg/dl in the placebo group, 137±35.5 mg/dl in the extract of group I, 115.9±19.1 mg/dl in the extract of 300 mg of group II and 145.2±58.6 mg/dl of group III. Meanwhile the average of albumin level in the healthy group was 3.39±0.8 g/dl, the placebo group was 2.7±0.2 g/dl, the group I was 1.9±0.04 g/dl, the group II was 1.77±0.16 g/dl, and the group III was 1.85±0.19 g/dl. This study showed that at highest dose of C. ternatea was able to significantly prevent the elevation pancreatic damage biomarkers and this finding was associated with the result of histopathological analysis of the pancreas. These results suggest that the ethanol extract of C. ternatea at a dose of 450 mg/kg BW (group III) has a good protective effect on the function and structure of pancreatic tissue.
{"title":"Pancreatic Protection Effects of Butterfly Pea (Clitoria Ternatea) Flower Extract Against White Rattus Novergicus Induced By Alloxan","authors":"Farid Fani Temarwut, Suprapto Prayitno, Saenal Edi Kamal, Skolastika Biana Sari, Evi Ayu Hartanti","doi":"10.33751/jf.v13i1.6346","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33751/jf.v13i1.6346","url":null,"abstract":"The pancreas is an endocrine gland that produces the peptide hormones insulin, glucagon, and somatostatin, and also an exocrine gland that produces digestive enzymes. These hormones play an important role in regulating the body's metabolic activities, especially blood glucose homeostasis. The aim of this study was to investigate the ethanolic extract of butterfly pea flower (Clitoria ternatea L) against white rats (Rattus novergicus) induced by alloxan and to I the level of its damage. Fifteen male wistar rats (150-200 g) body weight (BW) were divided into 5 groups. The control healthy group, the placebo group and the extract treated group that received 150 mg/kg BW (group I), 300 mg/kg BW (group II) and 450 mg/kg BW (group III) orally. Placebo (Na-CMC) and extract were given for 5 consecutive days before alloxan administration (150 mg/kg BW) on days 6 and 7. Blood samples were taken to determine the glucose and albumin levels on day 0 (before treatment), on day 5 (after treatment of the extract but before the administration of alloxan), and on 6 and 7 after 24 h administration of alloxan. Alloxan induced gives a significant increase in glucose and albumin levels. The average of glucose level was 236.6±37.6 mg/dl in the health control, 252±28.1 mg/dl in the placebo group, 137±35.5 mg/dl in the extract of group I, 115.9±19.1 mg/dl in the extract of 300 mg of group II and 145.2±58.6 mg/dl of group III. Meanwhile the average of albumin level in the healthy group was 3.39±0.8 g/dl, the placebo group was 2.7±0.2 g/dl, the group I was 1.9±0.04 g/dl, the group II was 1.77±0.16 g/dl, and the group III was 1.85±0.19 g/dl. This study showed that at highest dose of C. ternatea was able to significantly prevent the elevation pancreatic damage biomarkers and this finding was associated with the result of histopathological analysis of the pancreas. These results suggest that the ethanol extract of C. ternatea at a dose of 450 mg/kg BW (group III) has a good protective effect on the function and structure of pancreatic tissue.","PeriodicalId":479806,"journal":{"name":"Fitofarmaka","volume":"87 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135503749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Semanggi (Marsilea crenata C. Presl.) is a unique plant that grows in East Java, Indonesia. Its leaves are widely used as ingredients for traditional food. Semanggi leaves contain phytoestrogen compounds that can be used for their antineuroinflammatory, antiosteoporosis, and antioxidant properties. This effect is believed to be caused by kaempferol as an active marker. This study aims to determine the specific and non-specific parameters of semanggi leaves from Benowo District of Surabaya. The standardization results for specific parameters revealed the macroscopic characteristics of the leaves in radius ± 2 cm, pale green to yellowish-green color, smooth surface, obdeltoid shape, and four leaves. The microscopic features are stomata on the epidermis, crystal sand calcium oxalate, bone leaves with vascular bundle, and no space between the epidermis. The organoleptic characteristics are yellowish-green color, tasteless, astringent smell. The physicochemical of water-soluble content result was 7.4566 ± 0.1173% and soluble ethanol was 7.7466 ± 0.4083%. The phytochemical positive test results for the identification of alkaloids, flavonoids, and terpenoids. Based on UHPLC-HRMS analysis, semanggi leaves contain 0,41% kaempferol with a retention time of 6.88 ± 0.2 minute. The results for non-specific parameters indicated that the content of total ash, acid-insoluble ash, moisture, and drying shrinkage content was 0.8136 ± 0.0171%; 7.9700 ± 0.1044%; 6.2547 ± 0.2864%; and 9.0936 ± 0.1305% respectively. The results indicate that the semanggi leaves sample have been assessed and found to meet the established standards.
山葵(Marsilea crenata C. Presl.)是一种生长在印度尼西亚东爪哇的独特植物。它的叶子被广泛用作传统食品的原料。山葵叶含有植物雌激素化合物，可用于抗神经炎症，抗骨质疏松症和抗氧化特性。这种效应被认为是山奈酚作为一种活性标记物引起的。本研究旨在确定泗水贝诺沃地区三叶的特异性和非特异性参数。具体参数标准化结果显示，叶片的宏观特征为:叶片半径±2 cm，颜色为淡绿色至黄绿色，表面光滑，呈扁圆形，呈四叶状。显微特征为表皮有气孔，草酸钙结晶，骨叶带维管束，表皮间无间隙。感官特征为黄绿色，无味，涩味。理化分析结果表明，其水溶性含量为7.4566±0.1173%，可溶性乙醇含量为7.7466±0.4083%。生物碱、黄酮类化合物和萜类化合物的植物化学鉴定阳性。UHPLC-HRMS分析表明，山奈酚含量为0.41%，保留时间为6.88±0.2 min。非特异性参数分析结果表明:总灰分、酸不溶性灰分、水分和干收缩率分别为0.8136±0.0171%;7.9700±0.1044%;6.2547±0.2864%;分别为9.0936±0.1305%。结果表明，该药材样品经鉴定符合标准。
{"title":"Standardization of Semanggi (Marsilea crenata C. Presl.) Leaves from Benowo District, Surabaya for Standardized Herbal Raw Material","authors":"Burhan Ma'arif, Almay Abidzar Elpasha, Arief Suryadinata, Tanaya Jati Dharma Dewi, Novia Maulina, Mangestuti Agil","doi":"10.33751/jf.v13i1.7459","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33751/jf.v13i1.7459","url":null,"abstract":"Semanggi (Marsilea crenata C. Presl.) is a unique plant that grows in East Java, Indonesia. Its leaves are widely used as ingredients for traditional food. Semanggi leaves contain phytoestrogen compounds that can be used for their antineuroinflammatory, antiosteoporosis, and antioxidant properties. This effect is believed to be caused by kaempferol as an active marker. This study aims to determine the specific and non-specific parameters of semanggi leaves from Benowo District of Surabaya. The standardization results for specific parameters revealed the macroscopic characteristics of the leaves in radius ± 2 cm, pale green to yellowish-green color, smooth surface, obdeltoid shape, and four leaves. The microscopic features are stomata on the epidermis, crystal sand calcium oxalate, bone leaves with vascular bundle, and no space between the epidermis. The organoleptic characteristics are yellowish-green color, tasteless, astringent smell. The physicochemical of water-soluble content result was 7.4566 ± 0.1173% and soluble ethanol was 7.7466 ± 0.4083%. The phytochemical positive test results for the identification of alkaloids, flavonoids, and terpenoids. Based on UHPLC-HRMS analysis, semanggi leaves contain 0,41% kaempferol with a retention time of 6.88 ± 0.2 minute. The results for non-specific parameters indicated that the content of total ash, acid-insoluble ash, moisture, and drying shrinkage content was 0.8136 ± 0.0171%; 7.9700 ± 0.1044%; 6.2547 ± 0.2864%; and 9.0936 ± 0.1305% respectively. The results indicate that the semanggi leaves sample have been assessed and found to meet the established standards.","PeriodicalId":479806,"journal":{"name":"Fitofarmaka","volume":"178 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135503538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mangosteen pericarp (Garcinia mangostana L.) has been used as an active ingredient in numerous traditional medicine formulations. However, their function as an anti-inflammatory agent has yet to be fully understood. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is a mediator that is essential for the development of pro-inflammatory reactions. Hence, MIF activity is often associated with inflammatory diseases and its inhibition could therefore be used as an approach to assess the potential of a material as anti-inflammatory agent. In this study, MIF was exposed with mangosteen pericarp extracts in order to assess the possible anti-inflammatory effect of the extract. The type of mangosteen pericarp extract that possesses the greatest potential as MIF inhibitor and its IC50 value were determined. Based on the results, n-hexane extract of mangosteen pericarp possesses the activity as MIF inhibitor with an IC50 of 4.24 mg/L, and therefore could potentially be used as an anti-inflammatory agent.
{"title":"Anti-inflammatory Potential of Mangosteen Pericarp Extract (Garcinia mangostana L.)","authors":"Auw Natasha Felicia Karnadi, Tjie Kok","doi":"10.33751/jf.v13i1.7360","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33751/jf.v13i1.7360","url":null,"abstract":"Mangosteen pericarp (Garcinia mangostana L.) has been used as an active ingredient in numerous traditional medicine formulations. However, their function as an anti-inflammatory agent has yet to be fully understood. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is a mediator that is essential for the development of pro-inflammatory reactions. Hence, MIF activity is often associated with inflammatory diseases and its inhibition could therefore be used as an approach to assess the potential of a material as anti-inflammatory agent. In this study, MIF was exposed with mangosteen pericarp extracts in order to assess the possible anti-inflammatory effect of the extract. The type of mangosteen pericarp extract that possesses the greatest potential as MIF inhibitor and its IC50 value were determined. Based on the results, n-hexane extract of mangosteen pericarp possesses the activity as MIF inhibitor with an IC50 of 4.24 mg/L, and therefore could potentially be used as an anti-inflammatory agent.","PeriodicalId":479806,"journal":{"name":"Fitofarmaka","volume":"284 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135503756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dysentry is a disease caused by infection of Shigella dysenteriae (S. dysenteriae). This type of acute diarrhea characterized by the liquid stool mixed with blood and mucus caused by these bacteria. Ocimum citriodorum (O. citriodorum) leaves contain various chemical compounds that can inhibit the growth of diarrhea-causing bacteria. This study aims to determine the antibacterial activity of O. citriodorum leaves extracts obtained from graded extraction method against S. dysenteriae. The O. citriodorum leaves were extracted using ethanol, ethyl acetate, and n-hexane solvents sequentially. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) test was carried out using dilution method. The positive control used was 10 ppm ciprofloxacin (0.002%). The results showed that the extract of n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and ethanol of O. citriodorum leaves all three have antibacterial activity against S. dysenteriae with the same MIC value of 15%. The most effective MIC of n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and ethanol extract of O. citriodorum leaves was found at a concentration of 15% zone inhinbition with ethanol extract of O. citriodorum leaves
{"title":"Antibacterial Activity of Ocimum citriodorum Leave Extracts Against Shigella dysenteriae","authors":"Oom Komala, Novi Fajar Utami, Saraswati Darmawan","doi":"10.33751/jf.v13i1.5643","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33751/jf.v13i1.5643","url":null,"abstract":"Dysentry is a disease caused by infection of Shigella dysenteriae (S. dysenteriae). This type of acute diarrhea characterized by the liquid stool mixed with blood and mucus caused by these bacteria. Ocimum citriodorum (O. citriodorum) leaves contain various chemical compounds that can inhibit the growth of diarrhea-causing bacteria. This study aims to determine the antibacterial activity of O. citriodorum leaves extracts obtained from graded extraction method against S. dysenteriae. The O. citriodorum leaves were extracted using ethanol, ethyl acetate, and n-hexane solvents sequentially. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) test was carried out using dilution method. The positive control used was 10 ppm ciprofloxacin (0.002%). The results showed that the extract of n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and ethanol of O. citriodorum leaves all three have antibacterial activity against S. dysenteriae with the same MIC value of 15%. The most effective MIC of n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and ethanol extract of O. citriodorum leaves was found at a concentration of 15% zone inhinbition with ethanol extract of O. citriodorum leaves","PeriodicalId":479806,"journal":{"name":"Fitofarmaka","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135503760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cream preparation is cosmetic preparation consisting of aqueous and oil phases that immiscible. Thus, a surfactant with hydrophilic and lipophilic groups is needed to reduce the interfacial tension between the two phases. Petroleum-based surfactants such as Triethanolamine (TEA) are often used in the cosmetic industry. In this study, however, alkyletanolamide surfactant synthesized from vegetable oil was used. Nyamplung, Callophylum inophylum L. (C. inophylum) oil is one of non-commercial vegetable oil that can be used as a substitute to produce surfactants. The aims of this study was to apply surfactant synthesized from C. inophylum oil on the cream preparation and to characterize the alkylethanolamide surfactant by determining the value of hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB). Four different surfactant concentration, 1.5%, 2.0%, 2.5% and 0% were tested as base for the cream preparation. The best surfactant concentration for the cream-based formulation obtained in this study was 2.5% and the surfactant HLB value obtained was 14.40 indicating that alkyletanolamide surfactants can be applied to the oil-in-water (O/W) type of cream base formula.
乳霜制剂是由水相和油相组成的化妆品制剂。因此，需要一种具有亲水性和亲脂性基团的表面活性剂来降低两相之间的界面张力。以石油为基础的表面活性剂，如三乙醇胺(TEA)，经常用于化妆品工业。本研究采用植物油为原料合成烷基醇酰胺表面活性剂。花椒(Callophylum inophylum L.， C. inophylum)油是一种可以作为替代品生产表面活性剂的非商业植物油。本研究的目的是将茶树油合成的表面活性剂应用于奶油制剂，并通过测定其亲水亲脂平衡值来表征烷基乙醇酰胺表面活性剂。以表面活性剂浓度1.5%、2.0%、2.5%、0%为基础，进行了乳霜制备试验。本研究得到的乳膏基配方的最佳表面活性剂浓度为2.5%，表面活性剂HLB值为14.40，表明烷基烯醇酰胺表面活性剂可应用于水包油(O/W)型乳膏基配方。
{"title":"Application of Alkyletanolamide Surfactants Based on Nyamplung (Callophylum Inophylum L.) Seed Oil in Cream Base","authors":"Dita Auliya Nurfalah, Erin Ryantin Gunawan, Dedy Suhendra, Wahidah Fajrin","doi":"10.33751/jf.v13i1.6196","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33751/jf.v13i1.6196","url":null,"abstract":"Cream preparation is cosmetic preparation consisting of aqueous and oil phases that immiscible. Thus, a surfactant with hydrophilic and lipophilic groups is needed to reduce the interfacial tension between the two phases. Petroleum-based surfactants such as Triethanolamine (TEA) are often used in the cosmetic industry. In this study, however, alkyletanolamide surfactant synthesized from vegetable oil was used. Nyamplung, Callophylum inophylum L. (C. inophylum) oil is one of non-commercial vegetable oil that can be used as a substitute to produce surfactants. The aims of this study was to apply surfactant synthesized from C. inophylum oil on the cream preparation and to characterize the alkylethanolamide surfactant by determining the value of hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB). Four different surfactant concentration, 1.5%, 2.0%, 2.5% and 0% were tested as base for the cream preparation. The best surfactant concentration for the cream-based formulation obtained in this study was 2.5% and the surfactant HLB value obtained was 14.40 indicating that alkyletanolamide surfactants can be applied to the oil-in-water (O/W) type of cream base formula.","PeriodicalId":479806,"journal":{"name":"Fitofarmaka","volume":"87 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135503536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Muh Anshar J, Liong Boy Kurniawan, Nurahmi Nurahmi, Andi Alfian Zainuddin, Husaini Umar, Mansyur Arif
Diabetic nephropathy is a microvascular complication associated with high glucose levels in individuals with diabetes mellitus (DM). Fibronectin, an early marker of diabetic nephropathy, can indicate the occurrence and progression of renal damage. This cross-sectional study aimed to compare urinary fibronectin levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and non-diabetes mellitus. A sample of 50 DM patients was divided into two groups: the DM group and the non-DM group. Urinary fibronectin levels were measured using the ELISA method, while albuminuria levels were determined by the albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR). Statistical analysis was performed to assess the relationship between urinary fibronectin levels and urine albumin. Results: The average urinary fibronectin level in DM patients was 2.07 ± 3.04 ng/mL, which was slightly higher than the level observed in non-DM patients (1.09 ± 0.56 ng/mL). However, this difference was not statistically significant (p 0.05). Additionally, there was no significant relationship found between urinary fibronectin levels and urine albumin (p = 0.001). Conclusion: The findings of this study indicate that urinary fibronectin levels in individuals with DM were slightly higher than those without DM. However, this difference did not reach statistical significance. The lack of a significant relationship between urinary fibronectin levels and urine albumin suggests that fibronectin may provide additional information about renal damage in DM patients, independent of albuminuria. Further research is necessary to explore the clinical significance of urinary fibronectin as a potential biomarker for diabetic nephropathy.
{"title":"Analysis of Urinary Fibronectin Levels in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Non-Diabetes Mellitus","authors":"Muh Anshar J, Liong Boy Kurniawan, Nurahmi Nurahmi, Andi Alfian Zainuddin, Husaini Umar, Mansyur Arif","doi":"10.33751/jf.v13i1.7752","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33751/jf.v13i1.7752","url":null,"abstract":"Diabetic nephropathy is a microvascular complication associated with high glucose levels in individuals with diabetes mellitus (DM). Fibronectin, an early marker of diabetic nephropathy, can indicate the occurrence and progression of renal damage. This cross-sectional study aimed to compare urinary fibronectin levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and non-diabetes mellitus. A sample of 50 DM patients was divided into two groups: the DM group and the non-DM group. Urinary fibronectin levels were measured using the ELISA method, while albuminuria levels were determined by the albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR). Statistical analysis was performed to assess the relationship between urinary fibronectin levels and urine albumin. Results: The average urinary fibronectin level in DM patients was 2.07 ± 3.04 ng/mL, which was slightly higher than the level observed in non-DM patients (1.09 ± 0.56 ng/mL). However, this difference was not statistically significant (p 0.05). Additionally, there was no significant relationship found between urinary fibronectin levels and urine albumin (p = 0.001). Conclusion: The findings of this study indicate that urinary fibronectin levels in individuals with DM were slightly higher than those without DM. However, this difference did not reach statistical significance. The lack of a significant relationship between urinary fibronectin levels and urine albumin suggests that fibronectin may provide additional information about renal damage in DM patients, independent of albuminuria. Further research is necessary to explore the clinical significance of urinary fibronectin as a potential biomarker for diabetic nephropathy.","PeriodicalId":479806,"journal":{"name":"Fitofarmaka","volume":"273 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135503748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ira Rahmiyani, Aneu Nia Rolita Pasa, Saeful Amin, Anna Yuliana
Dental and oral health is an important part of physical health that requires our attention. Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) is known as a cariogenic microorganism because it breaks down sugar and forms tooth substances for energy production. One of the preventive measures against the occurrence of chemical dental plaque is the use of mouthwash. Therefore, a mouthwash formulation from natural ingredients was developed. The potential plant for natural mouthwash is the honje laka flower (Etlingera hemisphaerica (Blume) R.M.Sm.) which contains flavonoids, polyphenols, quinones, monoterpenoids, and sesquiterpenoids as antibacterial. This study aims to determine the potential of honje laka flower extract in inhibiting the growth of S. mutans and as an ingredient in mouthwash. The procedure of this research started from the extraction of honje laka flower using 96% ethanol solvent followed by phytochemical screening test and antimicrobial test with a well diffusion method. The concentration of honje laka flower extract used for MIC test were 5%, 10%, and 15%. Evaluation of honje laka extract mouthwash preparations were organoleptic test, pH test, centrifugation test, cycling test, and bacterial inhibition zone test. The results showed the ethanol extract of honje laka flowers has activity against S. mutans with a MIC at a concentration of 5% and inhibition zone at 9.22±0.115 mm, while the mouthwash formula at a concentration of 15% has an inhibitory zone at 9.35±0.02 mm. As a conclusion, ethanol extract from honje laka flower can be used as a mouthwash and can inhibit the activity of S. mutans.
{"title":"Formulation of Mouthwash Honje Laka (Etlingera Hemisphaerica (Blume) R.M.Sm.) Flower Extract Against Streptococcus Mutans","authors":"Ira Rahmiyani, Aneu Nia Rolita Pasa, Saeful Amin, Anna Yuliana","doi":"10.33751/jf.v13i1.6830","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33751/jf.v13i1.6830","url":null,"abstract":"Dental and oral health is an important part of physical health that requires our attention. Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) is known as a cariogenic microorganism because it breaks down sugar and forms tooth substances for energy production. One of the preventive measures against the occurrence of chemical dental plaque is the use of mouthwash. Therefore, a mouthwash formulation from natural ingredients was developed. The potential plant for natural mouthwash is the honje laka flower (Etlingera hemisphaerica (Blume) R.M.Sm.) which contains flavonoids, polyphenols, quinones, monoterpenoids, and sesquiterpenoids as antibacterial. This study aims to determine the potential of honje laka flower extract in inhibiting the growth of S. mutans and as an ingredient in mouthwash. The procedure of this research started from the extraction of honje laka flower using 96% ethanol solvent followed by phytochemical screening test and antimicrobial test with a well diffusion method. The concentration of honje laka flower extract used for MIC test were 5%, 10%, and 15%. Evaluation of honje laka extract mouthwash preparations were organoleptic test, pH test, centrifugation test, cycling test, and bacterial inhibition zone test. The results showed the ethanol extract of honje laka flowers has activity against S. mutans with a MIC at a concentration of 5% and inhibition zone at 9.22±0.115 mm, while the mouthwash formula at a concentration of 15% has an inhibitory zone at 9.35±0.02 mm. As a conclusion, ethanol extract from honje laka flower can be used as a mouthwash and can inhibit the activity of S. mutans.","PeriodicalId":479806,"journal":{"name":"Fitofarmaka","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135503755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Passion (Passiflora edulis) fruit belongs to the Passifloraceae family and has high-value economics. The extraction efficiency is affected by the phytochemical’s properties of plant, the solvent and extraction method used to extract the desired compounds. The seeds of passion fruit exhibit an oil content, the valuable bioactive compound as antioxidant activity. The passion fruit seed were the waste obtained from the passion fruit syrup company in Makassar City. This study aims to determine the effect of different extraction methods on antioxidant activity of passion fruit seed extracts. The seed was macerated with methanol at room temperature for 5 days, and the ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE) process was performed for 30 minutes. The antioxidant capacity was measured using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). The results showed that the percentage yield of extract from UAE was 6.45% and the extract yield from maceration method was 5.458%. The result of antioxidant activity (IC50 value) revealed that the methanol extract obtained from UAE and maceration were 71.672 ug/mL and 144.901 ug/mL, respectively. These results indicate that the UAE method is a suitable extraction method to produce strong antioxidant activity from Passiflora seed extract.
{"title":"Antioxidant Activity of Passiflora edulis (Passion fruit) Seed Extracts Obtained from Maceration and Ultrasonic Assisted Extraction Method","authors":"Aktsar Roskiana Ahmad, Abd. Malik","doi":"10.33751/jf.v13i1.7303","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33751/jf.v13i1.7303","url":null,"abstract":"Passion (Passiflora edulis) fruit belongs to the Passifloraceae family and has high-value economics. The extraction efficiency is affected by the phytochemical’s properties of plant, the solvent and extraction method used to extract the desired compounds. The seeds of passion fruit exhibit an oil content, the valuable bioactive compound as antioxidant activity. The passion fruit seed were the waste obtained from the passion fruit syrup company in Makassar City. This study aims to determine the effect of different extraction methods on antioxidant activity of passion fruit seed extracts. The seed was macerated with methanol at room temperature for 5 days, and the ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE) process was performed for 30 minutes. The antioxidant capacity was measured using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). The results showed that the percentage yield of extract from UAE was 6.45% and the extract yield from maceration method was 5.458%. The result of antioxidant activity (IC50 value) revealed that the methanol extract obtained from UAE and maceration were 71.672 ug/mL and 144.901 ug/mL, respectively. These results indicate that the UAE method is a suitable extraction method to produce strong antioxidant activity from Passiflora seed extract.","PeriodicalId":479806,"journal":{"name":"Fitofarmaka","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135503750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Traditional medicine is still widely used as an alternative medication in society especially in the form of plant material. Malaria is one of a communicable disease with the high number of its incidence in Papua. Traditional plants commonly used by people in Jayapura Regency for malaria treatment are papaya, Carica papaya L. (C. papaya), sambiloto, Andrographis paniculata, (A. paniculata) leaves, milk wood and turmeric. Each was prepared with different processing method including boiled, mashed and grated. However, the literature on the description of malaria treatment using traditional medicine is very limited. This research was carried out with the aim of carrying out an inventory of medicinal plants for the treatment and prevention of malaria in the East Sentani area, Jayapura Regency. This research was a descriptive study performed in 7 villages of East Sentani Timur District, with total sample were 210 respondent data. Respondent was given a questionary to collect data of plants used as prevention and medication for malaria. The results revealed the plants used by the community in East Sentani District in treating and preventing malaria were mostly C. papaya leaves (47.1%), A. paniculata leaves (44.3%) and other plants (under 5%) such as bitter melon (3.3%), and African leaves (1.9%). The plant parts used for the treatment and prevention of malaria were mainly the leaves (98.5%). The method of processing plants was mostly by boiling the plant (88.1%), brewing with hot water (4.8%) and squeezing (4.3%). The way to use of plants for the treatment of malaria was by drinking (97.6%). The dose used by most respondents was mostly by 1 cup (62.9%). The sources of antimalarial medicinal plants from the yard of the house were 108 respondents (51.4%). From this research, plants which widely used in the treatment and prevention of malaria by the people of the East Sentani district were C. papaya and A. paniculata.
{"title":"Inventory of Medicinal Plants The Treatment and Prevention of Malaria in The East Sentani District, Jayapura Regency","authors":"Brechkerts Lieske Angruni Tukayo, Rahayu Samalo","doi":"10.33751/jf.v13i1.6396","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33751/jf.v13i1.6396","url":null,"abstract":"Traditional medicine is still widely used as an alternative medication in society especially in the form of plant material. Malaria is one of a communicable disease with the high number of its incidence in Papua. Traditional plants commonly used by people in Jayapura Regency for malaria treatment are papaya, Carica papaya L. (C. papaya), sambiloto, Andrographis paniculata, (A. paniculata) leaves, milk wood and turmeric. Each was prepared with different processing method including boiled, mashed and grated. However, the literature on the description of malaria treatment using traditional medicine is very limited. This research was carried out with the aim of carrying out an inventory of medicinal plants for the treatment and prevention of malaria in the East Sentani area, Jayapura Regency. This research was a descriptive study performed in 7 villages of East Sentani Timur District, with total sample were 210 respondent data. Respondent was given a questionary to collect data of plants used as prevention and medication for malaria. The results revealed the plants used by the community in East Sentani District in treating and preventing malaria were mostly C. papaya leaves (47.1%), A. paniculata leaves (44.3%) and other plants (under 5%) such as bitter melon (3.3%), and African leaves (1.9%). The plant parts used for the treatment and prevention of malaria were mainly the leaves (98.5%). The method of processing plants was mostly by boiling the plant (88.1%), brewing with hot water (4.8%) and squeezing (4.3%). The way to use of plants for the treatment of malaria was by drinking (97.6%). The dose used by most respondents was mostly by 1 cup (62.9%). The sources of antimalarial medicinal plants from the yard of the house were 108 respondents (51.4%). From this research, plants which widely used in the treatment and prevention of malaria by the people of the East Sentani district were C. papaya and A. paniculata.","PeriodicalId":479806,"journal":{"name":"Fitofarmaka","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135503757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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