Pub Date : 2023-11-10DOI: 10.47414/be.1-2.2023.290613
M. V. Roik, V. I. Kravchuk
Purpose. To substantiate promising areas of innovative research on the utilization of Miscanthus × gigantheus as a feedstock with a high cellulose content in various industries in order to preserve forests and prevent the development of environmental disasters. Methods. The analysis of theoretical and experimental studies, existing practices regarding promising varieties of Miscanthus × giganteus, genetic studies, chemical composition, physical properties and use. Results. The botanical and chemical characteristics of miscanthus plants, chemical composition, technology of cultivation and processing into solid biofuels, the ability to clean the soil from chemical contaminants (pesticides) and radionuclides are shown, and the expediency of using miscanthus biomass as a source for bioethanol and cellulose production is proved, which contributes to its extremely wide use in various sectors of the Ukrainian economy. Conclusions. Miscanthus × gigantheus is a simple plant that can solve complex problems: in the technological process of cultivation, it contributes to the improvement of ecological processes of agriculture; it has a high calorific value as solid fuels and biogas; as a lignocellulose, biomass with a high cellulose content is a good feedstock for many applications and contributes to forest conservation and the prevention of environmental disasters.
{"title":"Miscanthus giganteus: horizons of innovative research and implementation","authors":"M. V. Roik, V. I. Kravchuk","doi":"10.47414/be.1-2.2023.290613","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47414/be.1-2.2023.290613","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose. To substantiate promising areas of innovative research on the utilization of Miscanthus × gigantheus as a feedstock with a high cellulose content in various industries in order to preserve forests and prevent the development of environmental disasters. Methods. The analysis of theoretical and experimental studies, existing practices regarding promising varieties of Miscanthus × giganteus, genetic studies, chemical composition, physical properties and use. Results. The botanical and chemical characteristics of miscanthus plants, chemical composition, technology of cultivation and processing into solid biofuels, the ability to clean the soil from chemical contaminants (pesticides) and radionuclides are shown, and the expediency of using miscanthus biomass as a source for bioethanol and cellulose production is proved, which contributes to its extremely wide use in various sectors of the Ukrainian economy. Conclusions. Miscanthus × gigantheus is a simple plant that can solve complex problems: in the technological process of cultivation, it contributes to the improvement of ecological processes of agriculture; it has a high calorific value as solid fuels and biogas; as a lignocellulose, biomass with a high cellulose content is a good feedstock for many applications and contributes to forest conservation and the prevention of environmental disasters.","PeriodicalId":486406,"journal":{"name":"Bìoenergetika","volume":"116 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135136376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-10DOI: 10.47414/be.1-2.2023.290624
V. V. Dryha, V. A. Doronin, Yu. A. Kravchenko, H. S. Honcharuk, V. V. Doronin
The purpose of the research was to find out the peculiarities of the formation of seed quality, specifically germination energy, germination and 100 kernel weight of switchgrass, depending on the period of its vegetation.
Methods. Laboratory, measuring and weighing, mathematical and statistical.
Results. It was found that the quality of the seeds did not depend on the year of sowing. On average over four years, germination energy and germination of seeds collected from switchgrass plants sown in 2009 (the 10th year of vegetation) were 64% and 65%, respectively. The same indicators of the plants sown in 2014 (8th year of vegetation) were significantly lower and accounted for 57 and 60%, respectively. In 2016, (3rd year of vegetation) they were significantly higher — 74 and 75%. Study of the factors that affect seed qualityrevealed, that the greatest influence of the ‘vegetation period’ factor was 52.2%, and the influence of the ‘vegetation conditions’ factor was much smaller and amounted to 16.6%. Studies of seed germination by years of vegetation of switchgrass of all sowing years did not reveal a natural decrease of this indicator depending on the year of sowing.
Conclusions. Germination energy and germination of switchgrass depended not so much on the year of sowing but on the period of vegetation; no regular decrease or increase of these indicators was found. Significantly higher indicators of germination energy and germination were obtained in all years of vegetation from plants sown in 2011 and 2012.
{"title":"The quality switchgrass depends on the year of vegetation of the culture","authors":"V. V. Dryha, V. A. Doronin, Yu. A. Kravchenko, H. S. Honcharuk, V. V. Doronin","doi":"10.47414/be.1-2.2023.290624","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47414/be.1-2.2023.290624","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the research was to find out the peculiarities of the formation of seed quality, specifically germination energy, germination and 100 kernel weight of switchgrass, depending on the period of its vegetation.
 Methods. Laboratory, measuring and weighing, mathematical and statistical.
 Results. It was found that the quality of the seeds did not depend on the year of sowing. On average over four years, germination energy and germination of seeds collected from switchgrass plants sown in 2009 (the 10th year of vegetation) were 64% and 65%, respectively. The same indicators of the plants sown in 2014 (8th year of vegetation) were significantly lower and accounted for 57 and 60%, respectively. In 2016, (3rd year of vegetation) they were significantly higher — 74 and 75%. Study of the factors that affect seed qualityrevealed, that the greatest influence of the ‘vegetation period’ factor was 52.2%, and the influence of the ‘vegetation conditions’ factor was much smaller and amounted to 16.6%. Studies of seed germination by years of vegetation of switchgrass of all sowing years did not reveal a natural decrease of this indicator depending on the year of sowing.
 Conclusions. Germination energy and germination of switchgrass depended not so much on the year of sowing but on the period of vegetation; no regular decrease or increase of these indicators was found. Significantly higher indicators of germination energy and germination were obtained in all years of vegetation from plants sown in 2011 and 2012.","PeriodicalId":486406,"journal":{"name":"Bìoenergetika","volume":"115 48","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135136379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-10DOI: 10.47414/be.1-2.2023.290637
Ya. O. Kyrylko, Ya. D. Fuchylo
Purpose. To determine the features of the cultivation of energy plantation of poplar variety ‘Robusta’ on leached chernozems in the Central Forest Steppe of Ukraine.
Methods. Field, laboratory, statistical.
Results. Climatic changes actualize the need for the transition of agrarian business of Ukraine to agroforestry systems not only in the Steppe, but also in more northern regions of the country. The purpose of the research was to study the features of establishing poplar (Populus × euramericana) field protection plantations in the Central Forest Steppe of Ukraine. It was established that an effective way to increase the survival rate of one-year cutting seedlings of poplar varieties ‘Dorskamp’, ‘Robusta’ and ‘I‑45/51’ is to plant them without trunks. In all studied varieties, during the first two years, the survival of seedlings was higher in the version without a trunk and ranged from 57.0 to 68.9%, while in seedlings with a trunk it ranged from 50.3% to 68.1%. In 2022, due to irrigation, the survival rate was from 74.4% to 88.9%. The average height was also higher in plants grown from seedlings without a trunk. It turned out to be the highest in plants of the ‘Dorskamp’ clone, ranging from 188.6 to 209.3 cm. In uncutted plants of this variety, it was from 174.0 to 197.2 cm. It is advisable to continue the research started with the aim of breeding new forms of poplar and improving the technologies of creating forest and field plantations with the use of the varieties which can be used in the Polissia and Forest Steppe zones.
{"title":"Influence of the type of planting material on the efficiency of establishment of poplar plantations in the Right Bank Forest Steppe","authors":"Ya. O. Kyrylko, Ya. D. Fuchylo","doi":"10.47414/be.1-2.2023.290637","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47414/be.1-2.2023.290637","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose. To determine the features of the cultivation of energy plantation of poplar variety ‘Robusta’ on leached chernozems in the Central Forest Steppe of Ukraine.
 Methods. Field, laboratory, statistical.
 Results. Climatic changes actualize the need for the transition of agrarian business of Ukraine to agroforestry systems not only in the Steppe, but also in more northern regions of the country. The purpose of the research was to study the features of establishing poplar (Populus × euramericana) field protection plantations in the Central Forest Steppe of Ukraine. It was established that an effective way to increase the survival rate of one-year cutting seedlings of poplar varieties ‘Dorskamp’, ‘Robusta’ and ‘I‑45/51’ is to plant them without trunks. In all studied varieties, during the first two years, the survival of seedlings was higher in the version without a trunk and ranged from 57.0 to 68.9%, while in seedlings with a trunk it ranged from 50.3% to 68.1%. In 2022, due to irrigation, the survival rate was from 74.4% to 88.9%. The average height was also higher in plants grown from seedlings without a trunk. It turned out to be the highest in plants of the ‘Dorskamp’ clone, ranging from 188.6 to 209.3 cm. In uncutted plants of this variety, it was from 174.0 to 197.2 cm. It is advisable to continue the research started with the aim of breeding new forms of poplar and improving the technologies of creating forest and field plantations with the use of the varieties which can be used in the Polissia and Forest Steppe zones.","PeriodicalId":486406,"journal":{"name":"Bìoenergetika","volume":"115 51","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135136377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-10DOI: 10.47414/be.1-2.2023.290633
M. O. Kornieieva, L. S. Andrieieva, P. I. Vakulenko
The article summarizes the experimental data of three-year research on the creation of new pollen-sterile forms for heterosis sugar beet hybrids. The breeding process of creating high-performance hybrids requires new components with improved characteristics. It was found out that the initial CMS forms of different genetic nature, when crossed with sterility maintainers of other ecological and genetic origin, differ significantly in terms of yield with fluctuating indicators in the range of 47.9–62.5 t/ha and sugar content ranging from 16.01 to 19.93%, combining the manifestation of these signs in different ways, which significantly expands the range of variability in terms of productivity componrnts. The average productivity indicators of monogerm CMS lines in the form of simple sterile hybrids, regardless of the origin of their sterility maintainers, had higher sugar yield performance compared to pollen-sterile linear-type forms obtained by backcrossing. Variation of the quantitative traits in simple sterile hybrids had a significantly greater amplitude of oscillations compared to CMS lines. The best simple sterile hybrids in terms of yield were 720/Ot4 and 730/Ot4 with the yield of 63.6 and 62.1 t/ha, respectively, and in terms of sugar content — 730/Ot4 (19.3%) and 730/Ot5 (19.5%). They will be introduced in the breeding process for hybridization with multigerm pollinators.
{"title":"Evaluation of the productivity of male sterile forms of sugar beet depending of different structure and genetic origin","authors":"M. O. Kornieieva, L. S. Andrieieva, P. I. Vakulenko","doi":"10.47414/be.1-2.2023.290633","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47414/be.1-2.2023.290633","url":null,"abstract":"The article summarizes the experimental data of three-year research on the creation of new pollen-sterile forms for heterosis sugar beet hybrids. The breeding process of creating high-performance hybrids requires new components with improved characteristics. It was found out that the initial CMS forms of different genetic nature, when crossed with sterility maintainers of other ecological and genetic origin, differ significantly in terms of yield with fluctuating indicators in the range of 47.9–62.5 t/ha and sugar content ranging from 16.01 to 19.93%, combining the manifestation of these signs in different ways, which significantly expands the range of variability in terms of productivity componrnts. The average productivity indicators of monogerm CMS lines in the form of simple sterile hybrids, regardless of the origin of their sterility maintainers, had higher sugar yield performance compared to pollen-sterile linear-type forms obtained by backcrossing. Variation of the quantitative traits in simple sterile hybrids had a significantly greater amplitude of oscillations compared to CMS lines. The best simple sterile hybrids in terms of yield were 720/Ot4 and 730/Ot4 with the yield of 63.6 and 62.1 t/ha, respectively, and in terms of sugar content — 730/Ot4 (19.3%) and 730/Ot5 (19.5%). They will be introduced in the breeding process for hybridization with multigerm pollinators.","PeriodicalId":486406,"journal":{"name":"Bìoenergetika","volume":"96 23","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135091424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-10DOI: 10.47414/be.1-2.2023.290638
V. V. Polishchuk, D. V. Konovalov
Problem statement. The article presents the results of research on the peculiarities of post-harvest and pre-sowing winter wheat seed treatment using a modern technological line.
Methods. Laboratory, measuring and weighing, mathematical and statistical.
Results. Pre-sowing seed treatment is carried out in three stages: primary cleaning of small and large impurities and small seeds of the main crop, pre-sowing preparation — calibration of seeds by size, aerodynamic properties and specific weight in order to improve seed quality and final treatment with insecticides, fungicides and other substances for protection seddlings from pests and diseases. The technological line for the preparation of seeds of agricultural crops, which was installed at the Research Agricultural Production Institute of the Institute of Plant Physiology and Genetics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, provided a yield of conditioned winter wheat seeds of 84–92.4%, depending on varietal characteristics. Seed yield differed by variety. The highest yield was obtained by pre-sowing seed treatment of the ‘Darynka Kyivska’ variety — 92.4%, and the lowest with Horodnytsia’ and ‘Novosmuhlianka’ varieties — 84.0%. Conclusions. Pre-sowing seed treatment on the technological line with a small waste, which was an average of 13.3% for varieties, ensured obtaining of five batches of seeds, which in terms of germination rate exceeded the requirements of the current standard by 4%, as well as an increase in the 1000 kernel weight to 44.0 grams.
{"title":"Winter wheat seed treatment","authors":"V. V. Polishchuk, D. V. Konovalov","doi":"10.47414/be.1-2.2023.290638","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47414/be.1-2.2023.290638","url":null,"abstract":"Problem statement. The article presents the results of research on the peculiarities of post-harvest and pre-sowing winter wheat seed treatment using a modern technological line.
 Methods. Laboratory, measuring and weighing, mathematical and statistical.
 Results. Pre-sowing seed treatment is carried out in three stages: primary cleaning of small and large impurities and small seeds of the main crop, pre-sowing preparation — calibration of seeds by size, aerodynamic properties and specific weight in order to improve seed quality and final treatment with insecticides, fungicides and other substances for protection seddlings from pests and diseases. The technological line for the preparation of seeds of agricultural crops, which was installed at the Research Agricultural Production Institute of the Institute of Plant Physiology and Genetics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, provided a yield of conditioned winter wheat seeds of 84–92.4%, depending on varietal characteristics. Seed yield differed by variety. The highest yield was obtained by pre-sowing seed treatment of the ‘Darynka Kyivska’ variety — 92.4%, and the lowest with Horodnytsia’ and ‘Novosmuhlianka’ varieties — 84.0%. Conclusions. Pre-sowing seed treatment on the technological line with a small waste, which was an average of 13.3% for varieties, ensured obtaining of five batches of seeds, which in terms of germination rate exceeded the requirements of the current standard by 4%, as well as an increase in the 1000 kernel weight to 44.0 grams.","PeriodicalId":486406,"journal":{"name":"Bìoenergetika","volume":"116 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135136375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-10DOI: 10.47414/be.1-2.2023.290617
S. D. Orlov, L. P. Nechyporenko, S. P. Vorozhko
Purpose. Selection of breeding genotypes by biological and economic traits (high productivity, resistance to lodging, drought, shedding, and damage by diseases), enriching collections of the species diversity of oat Avena sativa.
Methods. selective (hybridization, selection), measuring and weighting (determination of yield and biometrics), mathematical and statistical (assessment of the reliability of experimental data).
Results. Lines of oat with a manifestation of certain traits that expand genetic variability, reduce costs for the selection of appropriate parental components and accelerate the breeding process have been identified. In the hybrid nursery, the average percentage of setting seed was 13.9%, ranging from 11.0 to 18.1%. 53.3% of oat offsprings demonstrated resistance to lodging and damage by diseases, uniformity of plants and panicle shape; they were selected for the the use in further selection process. Against a provocative background, the number of oat lines that showed immunity to crown rust was 23 (score 9), high resistantce — 20 (score 8), stable — 26 (score 7), moderately receptive — 29 (score 6), weakly receptive — 20 (score 5), receptive — 42 (score 3–4). Oat lines L445–1791, L399–38, L77–5, L620–13, and L399–38 with distinguishing traits (high manifestation of economic and biological features) were transferred to the National Center of Genetic Resources of Ukraine to enrich trait collection. The average yield of oat seeds was 6.30 t/ha in angiosperm oat and 4.55 t/ha in bareseeded oat. The highest yield was 9.60 t/ha. ‘Dalech’ variety of angiosperm oat was developed and transferred into the Register of Plant Varieties of Ukraine Siutable for Distribution in the Polissia and Forest Steppe Zones.
Conclusion. Oat lines were selected by biological and economic traits and the collection of the species diversity of Avena sativa was enriched.
{"title":"Selection of oat (Avena sativa L.) lines with a determined level of manifestation of biological and economic traits","authors":"S. D. Orlov, L. P. Nechyporenko, S. P. Vorozhko","doi":"10.47414/be.1-2.2023.290617","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47414/be.1-2.2023.290617","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose. Selection of breeding genotypes by biological and economic traits (high productivity, resistance to lodging, drought, shedding, and damage by diseases), enriching collections of the species diversity of oat Avena sativa.
 Methods. selective (hybridization, selection), measuring and weighting (determination of yield and biometrics), mathematical and statistical (assessment of the reliability of experimental data).
 Results. Lines of oat with a manifestation of certain traits that expand genetic variability, reduce costs for the selection of appropriate parental components and accelerate the breeding process have been identified. In the hybrid nursery, the average percentage of setting seed was 13.9%, ranging from 11.0 to 18.1%. 53.3% of oat offsprings demonstrated resistance to lodging and damage by diseases, uniformity of plants and panicle shape; they were selected for the the use in further selection process. Against a provocative background, the number of oat lines that showed immunity to crown rust was 23 (score 9), high resistantce — 20 (score 8), stable — 26 (score 7), moderately receptive — 29 (score 6), weakly receptive — 20 (score 5), receptive — 42 (score 3–4). Oat lines L445–1791, L399–38, L77–5, L620–13, and L399–38 with distinguishing traits (high manifestation of economic and biological features) were transferred to the National Center of Genetic Resources of Ukraine to enrich trait collection. The average yield of oat seeds was 6.30 t/ha in angiosperm oat and 4.55 t/ha in bareseeded oat. The highest yield was 9.60 t/ha. ‘Dalech’ variety of angiosperm oat was developed and transferred into the Register of Plant Varieties of Ukraine Siutable for Distribution in the Polissia and Forest Steppe Zones.
 Conclusion. Oat lines were selected by biological and economic traits and the collection of the species diversity of Avena sativa was enriched.","PeriodicalId":486406,"journal":{"name":"Bìoenergetika","volume":"115 50","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135136378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-10DOI: 10.47414/be.1-2.2023.290635
M. H. Nosov
Purpose. Today, the search, research and implementation of new technologies for the production of solid fuel is important for the agro-industrial complex and renewable energy. Sorghum is considered as a strategic crop in the provision of feedstock for bioenergy and reclamation of degraded soils. The purpose of the study was to study and select the material for the creation of high-yielding hybrids of sugar and grain sorghum for the production of solid biofuel.
Materials and methods. The two-year results of the sorghum variety test at the Synelnykivska Experimental Station are highlighted. 68 samples were studied. They had a yield of green mass in the range of 23–79 t/ha.
Results. F1 hybrids (Nyzk.93s x Karlykove 45) formed the highest average yield of green mass — 65.2 t/ha; F1(Early776s x Karlykove 45) — 61.4 t/ha and F1(Dn71s x Karlykove 45) — 60.1 t/ha. The yield of hybrids Mammoth and F1(A158x Karlykove 45) was slightly lower, and amounted to 53.3 and 52.8 t/ha, respectively. F1 (Nyzkorosle 93s x Karlykove 45) stood out according to the average yield of dry matter of green mass — 17.6 t/ha; F1 (Dn17s x Karlykove 45) — 13.8 t/ha. According to the average indicators of the yield of solid fuel from 1 ha, the combinations F1 (Nyzk.93s x Karlykove 45) were the best — 12 t/ha; F1 (Dn17s x Karlykove 45) — 8.2 t/ha; F1 (Early 776s x Karlykov 45) — 7.9 t/ha. The best indicators in terms of energy output were the following combinations: F1(Low 93s x Karlykove 45) — 197.7 Gj/ha, F1(Dn71s x Karlykove 45) –135.5 Gj/ha, F1(Early 776s x Karlykove 45) — 129 Gj/ha.
Conclusions. High-yielding sorghum hybrids are the most economical and energetically expedient measures to provide feedstock for the bioenergy industry. A selected hybrid for the bioenergy application F1 (Nyzkorosle 93s x Karlykove 45) differs from the standard in terms of productivity and manufacturability. The value of the Karlykove 45 variety as a pollinator for the creation of hybrids for solid biofuel was also clarified. The agricultural sector of Ukraine has enough potential resources for biofuel production.
目的。今天，寻找、研究和实施生产固体燃料的新技术对农工综合体和可再生能源非常重要。高粱被认为是提供生物能源原料和退化土壤复垦的战略作物。这项研究的目的是研究和选择用于生产固体生物燃料的高产糖和谷物高粱杂交种的材料。材料和方法。重点介绍了在Synelnykivska试验站进行的两年高粱品种试验的结果。研究了68个样本。它们的绿质产量在23-79吨/公顷之间。结果。F1杂交种(Nyzk.93s × Karlykove 45)平均绿重产量最高，为65.2 t/ha;F1(Early776s x Karlykove 45) - 61.4 t/ha, F1(Dn71s x Karlykove 45) - 60.1 t/ha。杂交猛犸和F1(A158x Karlykove 45)的产量稍低，分别为53.3和52.8吨/公顷。F1 (Nyzkorosle 93s x Karlykove 45)绿质干物质平均产量最高，为17.6 t/ha;F1 (Dn17s x Karlykove 45) - 13.8吨/公顷。从每公顷固体燃料产量的平均指标来看，组合F1 (Nyzk.93s x Karlykove 45)最佳，为12 t/ha;F1 (Dn17s x Karlykove 45) - 8.2吨/公顷;F1(早期的776 x Karlykov 45) 7.9吨/公顷。以能量输出为指标的最佳组合为:F1(低93s × Karlykove 45) - 197.7 Gj/ha, F1(Dn71s × Karlykove 45) - 135.5 Gj/ha, F1(早期776 × Karlykove 45) - 129 Gj/ha。
结论。高产高粱杂交种是为生物能源产业提供原料的最经济和最有利的措施。为生物能源应用F1 (Nyzkorosle 93s x Karlykove 45)选择的混合动力车在生产率和可制造性方面与标准不同。还阐明了Karlykove 45品种作为创造固体生物燃料杂交种的传粉媒介的价值。乌克兰的农业部门有足够的潜在资源来生产生物燃料。
{"title":"Breeding of sorghum hybrids for solid biofuel","authors":"M. H. Nosov","doi":"10.47414/be.1-2.2023.290635","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47414/be.1-2.2023.290635","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose. Today, the search, research and implementation of new technologies for the production of solid fuel is important for the agro-industrial complex and renewable energy. Sorghum is considered as a strategic crop in the provision of feedstock for bioenergy and reclamation of degraded soils. The purpose of the study was to study and select the material for the creation of high-yielding hybrids of sugar and grain sorghum for the production of solid biofuel.
 Materials and methods. The two-year results of the sorghum variety test at the Synelnykivska Experimental Station are highlighted. 68 samples were studied. They had a yield of green mass in the range of 23–79 t/ha.
 Results. F1 hybrids (Nyzk.93s x Karlykove 45) formed the highest average yield of green mass — 65.2 t/ha; F1(Early776s x Karlykove 45) — 61.4 t/ha and F1(Dn71s x Karlykove 45) — 60.1 t/ha. The yield of hybrids Mammoth and F1(A158x Karlykove 45) was slightly lower, and amounted to 53.3 and 52.8 t/ha, respectively. F1 (Nyzkorosle 93s x Karlykove 45) stood out according to the average yield of dry matter of green mass — 17.6 t/ha; F1 (Dn17s x Karlykove 45) — 13.8 t/ha. According to the average indicators of the yield of solid fuel from 1 ha, the combinations F1 (Nyzk.93s x Karlykove 45) were the best — 12 t/ha; F1 (Dn17s x Karlykove 45) — 8.2 t/ha; F1 (Early 776s x Karlykov 45) — 7.9 t/ha. The best indicators in terms of energy output were the following combinations: F1(Low 93s x Karlykove 45) — 197.7 Gj/ha, F1(Dn71s x Karlykove 45) –135.5 Gj/ha, F1(Early 776s x Karlykove 45) — 129 Gj/ha.
 Conclusions. High-yielding sorghum hybrids are the most economical and energetically expedient measures to provide feedstock for the bioenergy industry. A selected hybrid for the bioenergy application F1 (Nyzkorosle 93s x Karlykove 45) differs from the standard in terms of productivity and manufacturability. The value of the Karlykove 45 variety as a pollinator for the creation of hybrids for solid biofuel was also clarified. The agricultural sector of Ukraine has enough potential resources for biofuel production.","PeriodicalId":486406,"journal":{"name":"Bìoenergetika","volume":"115 47","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135136380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-10DOI: 10.47414/be.1-2.2023.290621
Ya. P. Makuch, S. O. Remeniuk, V. M. Riznyk, S. O. Bondar, S. I. Vlasenko, K. M. Kopchuk
An analysis of the productive water reserves in the soil at the time of sowing and harvesting of winter wheat cultivated after different preceding crops was carried out. The worst conditions for the water accumulation in the 0–30 cm, 0–50 cm, and 0–100 cm soil layers were created after pea for grain — 5.3 mm, 8.7 mm, and 21.6 mm, respectively, in the soil layers; after soybean — 6.0 mm, 11.7 mm and 28.1 mm, respectively; corn for silage — 4.5 mm, 7.4 mm and 13.3 mm, respectively. Earthing the rye and oat mix and green manure made it possible to accumulate 32.9 mm and 29.9 mm of productive water reserve in the 0–100 cm layer, which can be explained by the earlier clearance of the field before the time of sowing winter wheat. In the link of crop rotation with bare fallow, the reserve of productive water in the 0–100 cm soil layer were the highest and amounted to 74.4 mm, which exceeded the link with corn for silage 5.6 times, with pea for grain and perennial grasses 2.6 and 3.4 times. In the link with soybean, the reserve of productive water in the 0–100 cm soil layer amounted to 28.1 mm, which can be explained by the low yield of this crop in this zone. It should also be taken into account that of all the studied preceding crops, soybean is harvested the latest; therefore, it is not always possible to prepare the soil well for sowing winter wheat. During the period of harvesting winter wheat, the reserve of productive water in the soil depended less on preceding crop. At the same time, in the 0–100 cm soil layer, the highest reserves of productive water were formed in the of crop rotation links with bare fallow — 41.1 mm, perennial grasses — 33.6 mm, vetch and oat mix for green manure and green fodder — 29.3 and 31.4 mm, respectively; the lowest — in the links with pea for grain, soybean and corn for silage: 26.5, 26.9, and 24.9 mm, respectively. The yield of winter wheat in the link with bare fallow was 6.52 t/ha, which by 0.80–0.99 t/ha exceeded the other links of crop rotation.
{"title":"Reserves of productive water in the soil for growing winter wheat","authors":"Ya. P. Makuch, S. O. Remeniuk, V. M. Riznyk, S. O. Bondar, S. I. Vlasenko, K. M. Kopchuk","doi":"10.47414/be.1-2.2023.290621","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47414/be.1-2.2023.290621","url":null,"abstract":"An analysis of the productive water reserves in the soil at the time of sowing and harvesting of winter wheat cultivated after different preceding crops was carried out. The worst conditions for the water accumulation in the 0–30 cm, 0–50 cm, and 0–100 cm soil layers were created after pea for grain — 5.3 mm, 8.7 mm, and 21.6 mm, respectively, in the soil layers; after soybean — 6.0 mm, 11.7 mm and 28.1 mm, respectively; corn for silage — 4.5 mm, 7.4 mm and 13.3 mm, respectively. Earthing the rye and oat mix and green manure made it possible to accumulate 32.9 mm and 29.9 mm of productive water reserve in the 0–100 cm layer, which can be explained by the earlier clearance of the field before the time of sowing winter wheat. In the link of crop rotation with bare fallow, the reserve of productive water in the 0–100 cm soil layer were the highest and amounted to 74.4 mm, which exceeded the link with corn for silage 5.6 times, with pea for grain and perennial grasses 2.6 and 3.4 times. In the link with soybean, the reserve of productive water in the 0–100 cm soil layer amounted to 28.1 mm, which can be explained by the low yield of this crop in this zone. It should also be taken into account that of all the studied preceding crops, soybean is harvested the latest; therefore, it is not always possible to prepare the soil well for sowing winter wheat. During the period of harvesting winter wheat, the reserve of productive water in the soil depended less on preceding crop. At the same time, in the 0–100 cm soil layer, the highest reserves of productive water were formed in the of crop rotation links with bare fallow — 41.1 mm, perennial grasses — 33.6 mm, vetch and oat mix for green manure and green fodder — 29.3 and 31.4 mm, respectively; the lowest — in the links with pea for grain, soybean and corn for silage: 26.5, 26.9, and 24.9 mm, respectively. The yield of winter wheat in the link with bare fallow was 6.52 t/ha, which by 0.80–0.99 t/ha exceeded the other links of crop rotation.","PeriodicalId":486406,"journal":{"name":"Bìoenergetika","volume":"115 46","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135136381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-10DOI: 10.47414/be.1-2.2023.290625
M. Ya. Humentyk, O. Yu. Bordus
Purpose. The purpose of the study was to improve the agrotechnical conditions for growing paulownia and its artificially bred variety Clone in vitro 112 in the Forest Steppe zone of Ukraine.
Methods. Field, laboratory, visual, measuring and weighing, mathematical and statistical.
Results. The article presents the results of research on the improvement of agrotechnical growing conditions and establishment of indicators of growth and development of paulownia plants in the Central Forest Steppe of Ukraine. The methods of planting, the optimal width between the rows, and the options for caring for the plantation of plants have been substantiated. It was established that in the first year of vegetation, the root system of paulownia plants is intensively formed. In order to obtain high-quality wood, after the first year of vegetation, it is necessary to make a technical cut at a height of 2–3 cm from the surface of the ground and remove young newly formed shoots (tillers). The highest trunk height of Clone in vitro 112 was formed in the first and second year of vegetation and reached 5–6 m. The optimal planting density is 625 plants per hectare. Conclusions. It was established that paulownia seedlings in vitro should undergo adaptation to the temperature conditions of the growing area for two to three weeks before planting in open ground.
{"title":"Improvement of agrotechnical conditions of growing paulownia in the Forest Steppe of Ukraine","authors":"M. Ya. Humentyk, O. Yu. Bordus","doi":"10.47414/be.1-2.2023.290625","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47414/be.1-2.2023.290625","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose. The purpose of the study was to improve the agrotechnical conditions for growing paulownia and its artificially bred variety Clone in vitro 112 in the Forest Steppe zone of Ukraine.
 Methods. Field, laboratory, visual, measuring and weighing, mathematical and statistical.
 Results. The article presents the results of research on the improvement of agrotechnical growing conditions and establishment of indicators of growth and development of paulownia plants in the Central Forest Steppe of Ukraine. The methods of planting, the optimal width between the rows, and the options for caring for the plantation of plants have been substantiated. It was established that in the first year of vegetation, the root system of paulownia plants is intensively formed. In order to obtain high-quality wood, after the first year of vegetation, it is necessary to make a technical cut at a height of 2–3 cm from the surface of the ground and remove young newly formed shoots (tillers). The highest trunk height of Clone in vitro 112 was formed in the first and second year of vegetation and reached 5–6 m. The optimal planting density is 625 plants per hectare. Conclusions. It was established that paulownia seedlings in vitro should undergo adaptation to the temperature conditions of the growing area for two to three weeks before planting in open ground.","PeriodicalId":486406,"journal":{"name":"Bìoenergetika","volume":"115 45","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135136382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-10DOI: 10.47414/be.1-2.2023.290630
O. M. Hanzhenko, H. S. Honcharuk, L. A. Pravdyva
Purpose. To determine the specifics of the productivity formation in sugar sorghum cultivated on the low fertility soils under the influence of mineral fertilizer doses and sowing dates
Methods. Biological, statistical and mathematical methods were used in the study. Biological methods included field research. The obtained experimental data were processed statistically using descriptive statistics and variance analysis. The yield of biofuel and energy was determined by the calculation method.
Results. On the low fertility soils in the zone of unstable moisture in the western part of the Forest Steppe, the highest yield of bioethanol (1.75 t/ha), biogas (8.6 thousand m3/ha) and solid biofuel (18.5 t/ha) was obtained when sowing seeds of ‘Medovyi F1’ hybrid in the middle of May. The application of fertilizerscontributed to a significant increase in the yield of biofuel and energy. When applying fertilizers at a dose of N80P80K80, the yield of bioethanol per 1 ha increased by 0.5 and 0.6 t/ha, biogas by 2.7 and 3.1 thousand m3/ha, solid biofuel by 4.2 and 4.8 t /ha, and energy yield by 80 and 92 GJ/ha in variety ‘Sylosne 42’ and hybrid ‘Medovyi F1’, respectively. When applying a dose of N160P160K160, the yield of bioethanol increased by 0.3 t/ha, biogas by 2.1 thousand m3/ha, solid biofuel by 3.3 t/ha, and energy yield by 61 GJ/ha. Weather conditions (51.4%), varietal characteristics (17.5%) and fertilizer doses (12.3%) had the greatest influence on energy yield per unit area of sugar sorghum crops.
Conclusions. On low-fertile soils in the zone of unstable moisture, the highest yield of bioethanol (1.75 t/ha), biogas (8.6 thousand m3/ha) and solid biofuel (18.5 t/ha) was obtained by sowing seeds of the hybrid ‘Medovyi F1 in the middle of May. When applying fertilizers at a dose of N80P80K80, the yield of bioethanol increased by 0.5 and 0.6 t/ha, biogas by 2.7 and 3.1 thousand m3/ha, and solid biofuel by 4.2 and 4.8 t /ha in variety ‘Sylosne 42’ and hybrid ‘Medovyi F1’, respectively.
{"title":"Productivity formation in sugar sorghum on the low fertility soils","authors":"O. M. Hanzhenko, H. S. Honcharuk, L. A. Pravdyva","doi":"10.47414/be.1-2.2023.290630","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47414/be.1-2.2023.290630","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose. To determine the specifics of the productivity formation in sugar sorghum cultivated on the low fertility soils under the influence of mineral fertilizer doses and sowing dates
 Methods. Biological, statistical and mathematical methods were used in the study. Biological methods included field research. The obtained experimental data were processed statistically using descriptive statistics and variance analysis. The yield of biofuel and energy was determined by the calculation method.
 Results. On the low fertility soils in the zone of unstable moisture in the western part of the Forest Steppe, the highest yield of bioethanol (1.75 t/ha), biogas (8.6 thousand m3/ha) and solid biofuel (18.5 t/ha) was obtained when sowing seeds of ‘Medovyi F1’ hybrid in the middle of May. The application of fertilizerscontributed to a significant increase in the yield of biofuel and energy. When applying fertilizers at a dose of N80P80K80, the yield of bioethanol per 1 ha increased by 0.5 and 0.6 t/ha, biogas by 2.7 and 3.1 thousand m3/ha, solid biofuel by 4.2 and 4.8 t /ha, and energy yield by 80 and 92 GJ/ha in variety ‘Sylosne 42’ and hybrid ‘Medovyi F1’, respectively. When applying a dose of N160P160K160, the yield of bioethanol increased by 0.3 t/ha, biogas by 2.1 thousand m3/ha, solid biofuel by 3.3 t/ha, and energy yield by 61 GJ/ha. Weather conditions (51.4%), varietal characteristics (17.5%) and fertilizer doses (12.3%) had the greatest influence on energy yield per unit area of sugar sorghum crops.
 Conclusions. On low-fertile soils in the zone of unstable moisture, the highest yield of bioethanol (1.75 t/ha), biogas (8.6 thousand m3/ha) and solid biofuel (18.5 t/ha) was obtained by sowing seeds of the hybrid ‘Medovyi F1 in the middle of May. When applying fertilizers at a dose of N80P80K80, the yield of bioethanol increased by 0.5 and 0.6 t/ha, biogas by 2.7 and 3.1 thousand m3/ha, and solid biofuel by 4.2 and 4.8 t /ha in variety ‘Sylosne 42’ and hybrid ‘Medovyi F1’, respectively.","PeriodicalId":486406,"journal":{"name":"Bìoenergetika","volume":"115 44","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135136383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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