Today, digital creative tools are still largely designed without disabled people in mind and thus require retrofitting to achieve basic accessibility. As more creative tools begin to incorporate generative artificial intelligence, I propose a research agenda that centers the design of human-AI co-creation experiences on disabled creators and leverages such technology for accessibility from the start. Specifically, I focus on researching ways that AI-assisted creative tools could be designed to lift the expression ceiling and reduce effort for blind and low vision creators. Starting with a formative mixed-method study that uncovers the blind and low vision community's needs for visual content creation and editing support, this dissertation explores and designs accessible content creation support for three highly desired visual creative tasks: (1) private visual content obfuscation, (2) social media video editing, and (3) aesthetic visual content authoring. Together, I believe this dissertation will contribute actionable insights to lower the barriers to expressive and efficient digital content creation for blind and low vision creators.
{"title":"Designing Accessible Content Creation Support with Blind and Low Vision Creators","authors":"Lotus Zhang","doi":"10.1145/3654768.3654775","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3654768.3654775","url":null,"abstract":"Today, digital creative tools are still largely designed without disabled people in mind and thus require retrofitting to achieve basic accessibility. As more creative tools begin to incorporate generative artificial intelligence, I propose a research agenda that centers the design of human-AI co-creation experiences on disabled creators and leverages such technology for accessibility from the start. Specifically, I focus on researching ways that AI-assisted creative tools could be designed to lift the expression ceiling and reduce effort for blind and low vision creators. Starting with a formative mixed-method study that uncovers the blind and low vision community's needs for visual content creation and editing support, this dissertation explores and designs accessible content creation support for three highly desired visual creative tasks: (1) private visual content obfuscation, (2) social media video editing, and (3) aesthetic visual content authoring. Together, I believe this dissertation will contribute actionable insights to lower the barriers to expressive and efficient digital content creation for blind and low vision creators.","PeriodicalId":486789,"journal":{"name":"ACM Sigaccess Accessibility and Computing","volume":"32 5-6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140517296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The epidemic of inaccessible websites presents a major challenge to equitable information access and continues to threaten our vision of an inclusive digital society. Despite decades of research, education, legislation, and policy reform globally, little progress has been made to ensure the accessibility of websites. Today's web accessibility strategies and tools are predicated on the belief that web accessibility issues are introduced through code created by the website developer and therefore focus on that website's code in isolation. However, as demonstrated in modern web security research, vulnerabilities can be introduced via dependencies to external libraries and frameworks outside of their development control. This PhD research explores an epidemiology-inspired approach to web accessibility to accurately model internet health, with the objective of identifying the root causes of accessibility barriers, how they propagate in the web ecosystem, and how to help web developers prevent and mitigate the propagation of accessibility barriers.
{"title":"The Epidemiology of Web Accessibility: Improving Internet Health by Identifying and Tackling the Root Cause of Web Accessibility Issues","authors":"Luis P. Carvalho","doi":"10.1145/3654768.3654773","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3654768.3654773","url":null,"abstract":"The epidemic of inaccessible websites presents a major challenge to equitable information access and continues to threaten our vision of an inclusive digital society. Despite decades of research, education, legislation, and policy reform globally, little progress has been made to ensure the accessibility of websites. Today's web accessibility strategies and tools are predicated on the belief that web accessibility issues are introduced through code created by the website developer and therefore focus on that website's code in isolation. However, as demonstrated in modern web security research, vulnerabilities can be introduced via dependencies to external libraries and frameworks outside of their development control. This PhD research explores an epidemiology-inspired approach to web accessibility to accurately model internet health, with the objective of identifying the root causes of accessibility barriers, how they propagate in the web ecosystem, and how to help web developers prevent and mitigate the propagation of accessibility barriers.","PeriodicalId":486789,"journal":{"name":"ACM Sigaccess Accessibility and Computing","volume":"65 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140524963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Self-employment provides a unique opportunity for a customized work experience that can be specialized for an individual's skills and career goals. In particular, individuals with disabilities benefit from the flexible and accessible work environment of self-employment. The number of self-employed workers with disabilities is a small portion of the population and the number of initiatives and resources available is inadequate. The gap between the availability of resources and the benefits of the career can be attributed to a lack of support, inaccessible technology, and societal expectations. The research described in this paper, aims to examine the experiences of self-employed workers with visual impairments and better understand the technologies, training and resources currently used, with a goal of supporting operations and interactions. Two proposed studies are described. The research aims to culminate in the development of guidance for designers and researchers interested in developing solutions to support self-employed workers with visual impairments.
{"title":"Towards the Development of Guidance to Support Self-Employed Workers with Visual Impairments","authors":"Mei-Lian Vader","doi":"10.1145/3654768.3654770","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3654768.3654770","url":null,"abstract":"Self-employment provides a unique opportunity for a customized work experience that can be specialized for an individual's skills and career goals. In particular, individuals with disabilities benefit from the flexible and accessible work environment of self-employment. The number of self-employed workers with disabilities is a small portion of the population and the number of initiatives and resources available is inadequate. The gap between the availability of resources and the benefits of the career can be attributed to a lack of support, inaccessible technology, and societal expectations. The research described in this paper, aims to examine the experiences of self-employed workers with visual impairments and better understand the technologies, training and resources currently used, with a goal of supporting operations and interactions. Two proposed studies are described. The research aims to culminate in the development of guidance for designers and researchers interested in developing solutions to support self-employed workers with visual impairments.","PeriodicalId":486789,"journal":{"name":"ACM Sigaccess Accessibility and Computing","volume":"15 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140520620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
My name is Robin Angelini and I am a Deaf graduate student enrolled at TU Wien (Vienna University of Technology), where I am in the final semester of my master's program in Informatics with a major focus on Media and Human-Centered Computing. I had the privilege of receiving the SIGACCESS Travel Award scholarship, which allowed me to attend the 25th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility. In this report, I share my experiences and insights from the conference.
{"title":"SIGACCESS Travel Award Report","authors":"Robin Angelini","doi":"10.1145/3654768.3654776","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3654768.3654776","url":null,"abstract":"My name is Robin Angelini and I am a Deaf graduate student enrolled at TU Wien (Vienna University of Technology), where I am in the final semester of my master's program in Informatics with a major focus on Media and Human-Centered Computing. I had the privilege of receiving the SIGACCESS Travel Award scholarship, which allowed me to attend the 25th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility. In this report, I share my experiences and insights from the conference.","PeriodicalId":486789,"journal":{"name":"ACM Sigaccess Accessibility and Computing","volume":"14 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140522976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Creating high-quality resources that are easily accessible in American Sign Language (ASL) is important and valuable to the Deaf community. Simply adding videos to an English-centric user interface layout leads to unsatisfactory results because language conventions and differences in intuition create varying scanning patterns and expectations regarding the information's placement and presentation. Therefore, design choices regarding the videos and their surroundings must be made to overcome this challenge. In this work, we design interfaces that do not rely on English fluency. By promoting the widespread use and availability of well-designed ASL resources, we aim to support increased access and representation of ASL online materials for members of the Deaf community. We are developing an ASL-centric survey tool that would enable users to take surveys in ASL. Our objective is to study design elements that can help users navigate resources intuitively without relying on English. Lastly, we hope to contribute to cultivating access to collaborative human-centered methods and research by closely reflecting on HCI methods and moving towards creating a guideline to carry out research in ASL.
对于聋人社区来说，创建便于使用美国手语 (ASL) 的高质量资源非常重要，也非常有价值。简单地将视频添加到以英语为中心的用户界面布局中会导致不尽人意的结果，因为语言习惯和直觉差异会产生不同的扫描模式以及对信息位置和呈现方式的期望。因此，必须对视频及其周围环境做出设计选择，以克服这一挑战。在这项工作中，我们设计了不依赖英语流利程度的界面。通过促进设计良好的 ASL 资源的广泛使用和可用性，我们的目标是支持聋人社区成员更多地访问和使用 ASL 在线资料。我们正在开发一种以 ASL 为中心的调查工具，使用户能够用 ASL 进行调查。我们的目标是研究能够帮助用户不依赖英语直观地浏览资源的设计元素。最后，我们希望通过对人机交互方法的深入思考，为培养以人为本的合作方法和研究做出贡献，并逐步制定用 ASL 开展研究的指南。
{"title":"Towards Inclusive Research and Resources in American Signed Languages","authors":"Shruti Mahajan","doi":"10.1145/3654768.3654774","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3654768.3654774","url":null,"abstract":"Creating high-quality resources that are easily accessible in American Sign Language (ASL) is important and valuable to the Deaf community. Simply adding videos to an English-centric user interface layout leads to unsatisfactory results because language conventions and differences in intuition create varying scanning patterns and expectations regarding the information's placement and presentation. Therefore, design choices regarding the videos and their surroundings must be made to overcome this challenge. In this work, we design interfaces that do not rely on English fluency. By promoting the widespread use and availability of well-designed ASL resources, we aim to support increased access and representation of ASL online materials for members of the Deaf community. We are developing an ASL-centric survey tool that would enable users to take surveys in ASL. Our objective is to study design elements that can help users navigate resources intuitively without relying on English. Lastly, we hope to contribute to cultivating access to collaborative human-centered methods and research by closely reflecting on HCI methods and moving towards creating a guideline to carry out research in ASL.","PeriodicalId":486789,"journal":{"name":"ACM Sigaccess Accessibility and Computing","volume":"288 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140521185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Existing assistive technologies often fail to support the unique and personalized needs of blind and visually impaired (BVI) people. Thus, BVI people have become domain experts in customizing and 'hacking' assistive technology in order to creatively suit their needs. However, current assistive technologies are difficult to hack and alter at the individual level due to the skill and resources required. Due to these challenges, new approaches to supporting Do-It-Yourself (DIY) technology creation are needed to make applying the DIY concept to high-tech assistive technologies for BVI people more feasible. Through my dissertation, I aim to better support DIY assistive software design and development, so that BVI people can design, create, and customize assistive software for themselves and their communities. To accomplish this, I plan to address three primary research goals. First, through qualitative interviews, I present an understanding of why and how BVI people engage in assistive technology customization and adaptation, and the challenges and opportunities that arise from this practice. Second, I aim to investigate how end-user programming can be applied as an approach to DIY assistive technology creation, by designing, building, and evaluating a prototype end-user programming tool. Finally, I aim to understand and improve the real-world feasibility of end-user programming in this domain, by designing tools to improve the accessibility of debugging visual technologies. By addressing these primary research questions, my planned dissertation contributes to the HCI and accessibility community's understanding of DIY assistive software, accessible end-user programming, and accessible debugging techniques. By supporting BVI in creating and modifying their assistive software, this research aims to promote the democratization of technology creation and support BVI people in having greater control over AI-based technologies in their lives.
{"title":"DIY Assistive Software: End-User Programming for Personalized Assistive Technology","authors":"Jaylin Herskovitz","doi":"10.1145/3654768.3654772","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3654768.3654772","url":null,"abstract":"Existing assistive technologies often fail to support the unique and personalized needs of blind and visually impaired (BVI) people. Thus, BVI people have become domain experts in customizing and 'hacking' assistive technology in order to creatively suit their needs. However, current assistive technologies are difficult to hack and alter at the individual level due to the skill and resources required. Due to these challenges, new approaches to supporting Do-It-Yourself (DIY) technology creation are needed to make applying the DIY concept to high-tech assistive technologies for BVI people more feasible. Through my dissertation, I aim to better support DIY assistive software design and development, so that BVI people can design, create, and customize assistive software for themselves and their communities. To accomplish this, I plan to address three primary research goals. First, through qualitative interviews, I present an understanding of why and how BVI people engage in assistive technology customization and adaptation, and the challenges and opportunities that arise from this practice. Second, I aim to investigate how end-user programming can be applied as an approach to DIY assistive technology creation, by designing, building, and evaluating a prototype end-user programming tool. Finally, I aim to understand and improve the real-world feasibility of end-user programming in this domain, by designing tools to improve the accessibility of debugging visual technologies. By addressing these primary research questions, my planned dissertation contributes to the HCI and accessibility community's understanding of DIY assistive software, accessible end-user programming, and accessible debugging techniques. By supporting BVI in creating and modifying their assistive software, this research aims to promote the democratization of technology creation and support BVI people in having greater control over AI-based technologies in their lives.","PeriodicalId":486789,"journal":{"name":"ACM Sigaccess Accessibility and Computing","volume":"24 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140526899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Over the last decade, there has been significant research on how smart assistive devices with artificial intelligence (AI) built into them can assist people with severe vision impairments to comprehend their surroundings. These devices come in various forms such as smartphone applications, smart-glasses, and smart canes. Smart glasses have gained popularity lately due to recent technological advancements, as well as their natural position in front of the user's eyes. However, there has been limited research to understand how people with severe vision impairments would prefer to interact with them. The objective of this project is to investigate the use of AI-enabled smart-glasses to aid individuals with severe vision impairments. The research aims to comprehend the differences between the types of research conducted by researchers and the needs and desires of the community. The study will utilise a Design Thinking approach and involve vision-impaired users throughout the project by utilising co-design methods. The research will involve the development of smart-glass application prototypes through iterative case studies with individuals who are blind, have low-vision, and have cerebral vision impairment (CVI). The goal is to understand the users' preferred interaction model from their lived experiences. The outcome of the research will also be a software architecture that enables people with severe vision impairments to seamlessly access information about their surroundings.
{"title":"AI-Enabled Smart Glasses for People with Severe Vision Impairments","authors":"Bhanuka Gamage","doi":"10.1145/3654768.3654771","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3654768.3654771","url":null,"abstract":"Over the last decade, there has been significant research on how smart assistive devices with artificial intelligence (AI) built into them can assist people with severe vision impairments to comprehend their surroundings. These devices come in various forms such as smartphone applications, smart-glasses, and smart canes. Smart glasses have gained popularity lately due to recent technological advancements, as well as their natural position in front of the user's eyes. However, there has been limited research to understand how people with severe vision impairments would prefer to interact with them. The objective of this project is to investigate the use of AI-enabled smart-glasses to aid individuals with severe vision impairments. The research aims to comprehend the differences between the types of research conducted by researchers and the needs and desires of the community. The study will utilise a Design Thinking approach and involve vision-impaired users throughout the project by utilising co-design methods. The research will involve the development of smart-glass application prototypes through iterative case studies with individuals who are blind, have low-vision, and have cerebral vision impairment (CVI). The goal is to understand the users' preferred interaction model from their lived experiences. The outcome of the research will also be a software architecture that enables people with severe vision impairments to seamlessly access information about their surroundings.","PeriodicalId":486789,"journal":{"name":"ACM Sigaccess Accessibility and Computing","volume":"99 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140515666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This research aims to empower disabled makers and engineers to participate in collaborative engineering activities. First, this research identifies barriers to and benefits of applying makerspace culture precepts to the creation of DIY Assistive Technologies (DIY-AT). From this data, we will be developing a hybrid online and in-person community for supporting DIY-AT makers. Simultaneously, this research aims to identify the basic structure and vocabulary of human haptic communication. From that data, we will design an anthropomorphic human-robot interaction for assistive technologies, using the haptic channel to facilitate fluid assistive interactions. Together, these become a program of research that will support disabled makers and engineering students in collaborating with diverse teams of other creators with improved situational awareness and collaboration.
{"title":"Human-Robot Haptic Communication and Accessible Assistive Technology","authors":"Katherine H. Allen","doi":"10.1145/3654768.3654769","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3654768.3654769","url":null,"abstract":"This research aims to empower disabled makers and engineers to participate in collaborative engineering activities. First, this research identifies barriers to and benefits of applying makerspace culture precepts to the creation of DIY Assistive Technologies (DIY-AT). From this data, we will be developing a hybrid online and in-person community for supporting DIY-AT makers. Simultaneously, this research aims to identify the basic structure and vocabulary of human haptic communication. From that data, we will design an anthropomorphic human-robot interaction for assistive technologies, using the haptic channel to facilitate fluid assistive interactions. Together, these become a program of research that will support disabled makers and engineering students in collaborating with diverse teams of other creators with improved situational awareness and collaboration.","PeriodicalId":486789,"journal":{"name":"ACM Sigaccess Accessibility and Computing","volume":"15 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140520352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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