Crested Geckos (Correlophus ciliatus) are common in the United States pet trade despite limited information on their specific physiology and nutrition. Suboptimal husbandry may be detrimental to animal growth, quality of life, and lifespan. Commercial diets are available; however, many hobbyists prefer feeding calcium-dusted fruit and insect alternatives. There is a general lack of published literature evaluating the effect of either option on gecko development. A food trial was conducted for 5 weeks on juvenile Crested Geckos fed a diet of calcium-dusted Dubia Roaches and fresh papaya (n = 30) or a commercial diet (Pangea Crested Gecko Diet; n = 30). Body length and weight were measured weekly on their fourth feeding day. Animals on both diets grew in length and weight over the 5-week feeding trial (p < 0.05) however the roach/papaya-fed geckos experienced almost twice the weight gain 0.81 g (24.35%) than the commercially fed geckos (0.42 g) and (13.07 %; p = 0.002). No differences in behavior of activity were noted between either diet. These results suggest that a calcium-dusted Dubia Roach and papaya diet may be more advantageous than a commercial diet during Crested Gecko juvenile development.
{"title":"Juvenile Crested Gecko (Correlophus ciliates) Growth Rate on a Calcium-dusted Dubia Roach and Papaya Diet Versus a Commercial Diet","authors":"Brundage Cord M, Atamian Seza, Vasquez Jessica","doi":"10.17352/ijvsr.000147","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17352/ijvsr.000147","url":null,"abstract":"Crested Geckos (Correlophus ciliatus) are common in the United States pet trade despite limited information on their specific physiology and nutrition. Suboptimal husbandry may be detrimental to animal growth, quality of life, and lifespan. Commercial diets are available; however, many hobbyists prefer feeding calcium-dusted fruit and insect alternatives. There is a general lack of published literature evaluating the effect of either option on gecko development. A food trial was conducted for 5 weeks on juvenile Crested Geckos fed a diet of calcium-dusted Dubia Roaches and fresh papaya (n = 30) or a commercial diet (Pangea Crested Gecko Diet; n = 30). Body length and weight were measured weekly on their fourth feeding day. Animals on both diets grew in length and weight over the 5-week feeding trial (p < 0.05) however the roach/papaya-fed geckos experienced almost twice the weight gain 0.81 g (24.35%) than the commercially fed geckos (0.42 g) and (13.07 %; p = 0.002). No differences in behavior of activity were noted between either diet. These results suggest that a calcium-dusted Dubia Roach and papaya diet may be more advantageous than a commercial diet during Crested Gecko juvenile development.","PeriodicalId":488937,"journal":{"name":"International journal of veterinary science and research","volume":"2 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141834285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Oral Calcium Gel (OCG) is a promising prophylactic and supportive supplement for milk fever and Downer syndrome in postcalved dairy cows. This study evaluated the efficacy of OCG supplementing in improving rumen motility, feed intake, parturition/calving, Retention of Placenta (ROP), and product performance and safety. A total of 30 postcalved dairy cows were randomly divided into three groups: G1, cows selected immediately after calving (n = 7); G2, cows with milk fever (n = 14); and G3, cows with milk fever and Downer syndrome (n = 9). The cows in G1 and G2 were supplemented with OCG 300 g; 8 – 12 h apart; repeat 2 – 4 supplementation for 1 – 2 days only. Conversely, the cows in G3 were supplemented with 300 g of OCG + IV calcium injection; + 8 – 12 h apart; repeat 1 – 3 supplementation of OCG (300 g). OCG supplementation improved rumen motility, feed intake, parturition/calving, and ROP in all three groups. The mean product performance and safety scores were also good. Notably, OCG supplementation was effective in preventing ROP, which is a common postpartum complication in dairy cows. Overall, the findings of this study suggest that OCG supplementation is a promising prophylactic and supportive agent for milk fever and Downer syndrome in postcalved dairy cows.
{"title":"Evaluation of the prophylactic efficacy of oral calcium gel in preventing milk fever relapse and hypocalcemia in post-calved dairy cows","authors":"D Nagarjuna, VG Bhagwat, V Santhosh Kumar","doi":"10.17352/ijvsr.000142","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17352/ijvsr.000142","url":null,"abstract":"Oral Calcium Gel (OCG) is a promising prophylactic and supportive supplement for milk fever and Downer syndrome in postcalved dairy cows. This study evaluated the efficacy of OCG supplementing in improving rumen motility, feed intake, parturition/calving, Retention of Placenta (ROP), and product performance and safety. A total of 30 postcalved dairy cows were randomly divided into three groups: G1, cows selected immediately after calving (n = 7); G2, cows with milk fever (n = 14); and G3, cows with milk fever and Downer syndrome (n = 9). The cows in G1 and G2 were supplemented with OCG 300 g; 8 – 12 h apart; repeat 2 – 4 supplementation for 1 – 2 days only. Conversely, the cows in G3 were supplemented with 300 g of OCG + IV calcium injection; + 8 – 12 h apart; repeat 1 – 3 supplementation of OCG (300 g). OCG supplementation improved rumen motility, feed intake, parturition/calving, and ROP in all three groups. The mean product performance and safety scores were also good. Notably, OCG supplementation was effective in preventing ROP, which is a common postpartum complication in dairy cows. Overall, the findings of this study suggest that OCG supplementation is a promising prophylactic and supportive agent for milk fever and Downer syndrome in postcalved dairy cows.","PeriodicalId":488937,"journal":{"name":"International journal of veterinary science and research","volume":"267 ","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135976463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Bacterial diseases transmitted through food pose a serious threat to human and animal health. Salmonella, E. coli, and S. aureus are among the major foodborne pathogens. It is becoming a worldwide problem to date. In this regard, there is a lack of information among farms in western Ethiopia. Therefore, the study was conducted to isolate, identify, and assess the antimicrobial susceptibility profile of Salmonella, E. coli, and S. aureus from selected dairy farms in the study area. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was done from December 2018 to June 2019 on small-scale dairy farms from Bedele and Nekemte town, Western Ethiopia with the objective of isolating and identifying Salmonella, E. coli, and S. aureus from lactating cows, milkers’ and milking equipment at farms and to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility of the isolates. A total of 383 samples consisting of cow milk, feces, cow nasal swabs, milkers’ hand swabs, milkers nasal swabs, bucket swabs, and floor swabs were collected from 20 dairy farms. The samples were examined for the presence of Salmonella, E. coli, and S. aureus following standard techniques and procedures. The agar disc diffusion method was used for the antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Results: The overall occurrence of Salmonella, E. coli, and S. aureus was 2.35%, 11.75%, and 2.35% respectively. Out of the 9 Salmonella isolates, 5(4.95%), 3(2.97%), and 1(5%) were isolated from udder milk, rectal feces, and floor swab respectively. S. aureus isolate was highest in udder milk 3(2.97%), followed by cow nasal swab 2(1.98%), feces 1(0.99%), bucket swab 1(5%), floor swab 1(5%) and milker’s nasal swab 1(5%). E. coli was highest in milk sample 19(18.81%), followed by fecal samples 16(15.84%), bucket swab 5(25%), floor Swab 4(20%) and 1(0.99%) in cow nasal swab. All Salmonella isolates were 100% sensitive to nalidixic acid, however 55.55%, 22.22%, and 11.11, respectively, were resistant to cefoxitin, tetracycline, and gentamycin. Tetracycline, cefoxitin, and streptomycin resistance were observed in 33.33%, 9.52%, and 19.05% of E. coli isolates, respectively. On the other hand, all isolates were 100% sensitive to nitrofurantoin, ceftriaxone, nalidixic acid, and ciprofloxacin. The antibiotic susceptibility profiles of S. aureus showed that 55.55% and 11.11% were resistant to Penicillin G and Erythromycin, respectively and all isolates were 100% sensitive to cefoxitin, nitrofurantoin, and gentamicin. Conclusion: The current study shows lower prevalence, lower antimicrobial resistance, and higher susceptibility for most antimicrobials. Recommendation: Stringent control measures, such as treatment of positive cases with effective medications and preventative measures including strict hygiene standards, such as cleaning of the floor, pens, and milking equipment, as well as adequate hand washing throughout the milking process, should be adopted.
{"title":"Isolation, identification and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of Salmonella, E. coli, and S. aureus from selected dairy farms in Bedele and Nekemte Districts, Western Ethiopia","authors":"Gezahegn Eshetu, Guyassa Chala, Beyene Takele, Olani Abebe, Isa Mohamedamin, Merdasa Desalegn, Jaleta Dinkinesh","doi":"10.17352/ijvsr.000141","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17352/ijvsr.000141","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Bacterial diseases transmitted through food pose a serious threat to human and animal health. Salmonella, E. coli, and S. aureus are among the major foodborne pathogens. It is becoming a worldwide problem to date. In this regard, there is a lack of information among farms in western Ethiopia. Therefore, the study was conducted to isolate, identify, and assess the antimicrobial susceptibility profile of Salmonella, E. coli, and S. aureus from selected dairy farms in the study area. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was done from December 2018 to June 2019 on small-scale dairy farms from Bedele and Nekemte town, Western Ethiopia with the objective of isolating and identifying Salmonella, E. coli, and S. aureus from lactating cows, milkers’ and milking equipment at farms and to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility of the isolates. A total of 383 samples consisting of cow milk, feces, cow nasal swabs, milkers’ hand swabs, milkers nasal swabs, bucket swabs, and floor swabs were collected from 20 dairy farms. The samples were examined for the presence of Salmonella, E. coli, and S. aureus following standard techniques and procedures. The agar disc diffusion method was used for the antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Results: The overall occurrence of Salmonella, E. coli, and S. aureus was 2.35%, 11.75%, and 2.35% respectively. Out of the 9 Salmonella isolates, 5(4.95%), 3(2.97%), and 1(5%) were isolated from udder milk, rectal feces, and floor swab respectively. S. aureus isolate was highest in udder milk 3(2.97%), followed by cow nasal swab 2(1.98%), feces 1(0.99%), bucket swab 1(5%), floor swab 1(5%) and milker’s nasal swab 1(5%). E. coli was highest in milk sample 19(18.81%), followed by fecal samples 16(15.84%), bucket swab 5(25%), floor Swab 4(20%) and 1(0.99%) in cow nasal swab. All Salmonella isolates were 100% sensitive to nalidixic acid, however 55.55%, 22.22%, and 11.11, respectively, were resistant to cefoxitin, tetracycline, and gentamycin. Tetracycline, cefoxitin, and streptomycin resistance were observed in 33.33%, 9.52%, and 19.05% of E. coli isolates, respectively. On the other hand, all isolates were 100% sensitive to nitrofurantoin, ceftriaxone, nalidixic acid, and ciprofloxacin. The antibiotic susceptibility profiles of S. aureus showed that 55.55% and 11.11% were resistant to Penicillin G and Erythromycin, respectively and all isolates were 100% sensitive to cefoxitin, nitrofurantoin, and gentamicin. Conclusion: The current study shows lower prevalence, lower antimicrobial resistance, and higher susceptibility for most antimicrobials. Recommendation: Stringent control measures, such as treatment of positive cases with effective medications and preventative measures including strict hygiene standards, such as cleaning of the floor, pens, and milking equipment, as well as adequate hand washing throughout the milking process, should be adopted.","PeriodicalId":488937,"journal":{"name":"International journal of veterinary science and research","volume":"86 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136360535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Brucellosis is a contagious zoonotic disease transferred from sick animals to humans and endemic in Eastern Africa and other countries. The objective of this study was to assess the extent of the knowledge and attitudes relating to brucellosis at the human-animal interface and identify practice at the farm and household level that poses a risk for human infection at the study site. By cross-sectional study design, a total of 120 participants were involved in assessing Knowledge, Attitude, and practice (KAP) toward the disease. From the study, about 20% of respondents knew the disease, out of which 75% heard about it from a veterinary service. Nearly, 79% and 75% understood that the disease can be transmitted between cattle and from cattle to humans respectively. About 54.2% handle placental membranes and aborted fetuses with bare hands. Of the total respondents, 5.8% and 38.3% have had good knowledge and good practice scores respectively. Educational level, with illiterate less, knew, highly influences both knowledge (p = 0.01) and practice (p = 0.018) of the respondents. Males (p = 0.006) had a good practice, which was statistically significant. This indicates that an awareness creation campaign is important so as to equip the farmers in the study areas with knowledge of the disease and to change their malpractice in order to protect themselves from brucellosis.
{"title":"Assessment of farmers’ knowledge, attitudes and practices toward brucellosis in Sibu Sire District, East Wallaga Zone of Western Oromiya, Ethiopia","authors":"Bulcha Begna, Etefa Monenus","doi":"10.17352/ijvsr.000140","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17352/ijvsr.000140","url":null,"abstract":"Brucellosis is a contagious zoonotic disease transferred from sick animals to humans and endemic in Eastern Africa and other countries. The objective of this study was to assess the extent of the knowledge and attitudes relating to brucellosis at the human-animal interface and identify practice at the farm and household level that poses a risk for human infection at the study site. By cross-sectional study design, a total of 120 participants were involved in assessing Knowledge, Attitude, and practice (KAP) toward the disease. From the study, about 20% of respondents knew the disease, out of which 75% heard about it from a veterinary service. Nearly, 79% and 75% understood that the disease can be transmitted between cattle and from cattle to humans respectively. About 54.2% handle placental membranes and aborted fetuses with bare hands. Of the total respondents, 5.8% and 38.3% have had good knowledge and good practice scores respectively. Educational level, with illiterate less, knew, highly influences both knowledge (p = 0.01) and practice (p = 0.018) of the respondents. Males (p = 0.006) had a good practice, which was statistically significant. This indicates that an awareness creation campaign is important so as to equip the farmers in the study areas with knowledge of the disease and to change their malpractice in order to protect themselves from brucellosis.","PeriodicalId":488937,"journal":{"name":"International journal of veterinary science and research","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135466040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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