Noura Mamane Salé, R. Labbo, I. Laminou, Ibrahima Issa Arzika, Ali Djibo Souley, Wilfried Zoulkifouly Hounkarin, Halima Zamanka Naroua, Amadou Soumana, A. Maiga, R. Jambou, Ali Doumma
Malaria vector control in Niger is currently based on the distribution of insecticide treated nets. However, vectors resistance to insecticides represents a major threat to the current national strategy against malaria. This study aims to characterize the impact of agroecosystems on insecticide resistance in Anopheles gambiae s.l. at Niamey. Larvae collected were reared until emergence. Adults aged 2-5 days were used to assess susceptibility to insecticides (pyrethroids, DDT and bendiocarb) after pre-exposure to piperonyl butoxide (PBO) synergist according to WHO protocols. PCRs were performed to identify the sibling species of An. gambiae complex and characterization resistance mutations (Kdr and ace-1). Overall, An. gambiae s.l. was resistance to pyrethroids and DDT (mortality rates from 1% to 55%) and susceptible to bendiocarb at most sites. Pre-exposure to the PBO synergist resulted in partial restoration of pyrethroid susceptibility. Two species of An. gambiae complex were found: An. arabiensis and An. coluzzii. The presence of An. coluzzii was strongly correlated with agricultural practices (99% in rice cultivation sites). Kdr mutations were found at all sites with kdr-w ranging from 45% to 70% in mosquitoes collected in unirrigated and rice field, respectively, and kdr-e found at 37% to 47% at each type of site, respectively. The ace-1 mutation was detected at low frequency (1%) and only from two rice cultivation sites. The high levels of pyrethroid and DDT resistance detected in Niamey had a strong link with rice cultivation, shown that agriculture is a driver of resistance that can compromise control malaria efforts. Keywords: Anopheles gambiae sensu lato, insecticide, resistance, agroecosystem, vector control, Niamey, Niger..
{"title":"Insecticide resistance in Anopheles gambiae sensu lato (Diptera: Culicidae) across different agroecosystems in Niamey, Niger","authors":"Noura Mamane Salé, R. Labbo, I. Laminou, Ibrahima Issa Arzika, Ali Djibo Souley, Wilfried Zoulkifouly Hounkarin, Halima Zamanka Naroua, Amadou Soumana, A. Maiga, R. Jambou, Ali Doumma","doi":"10.58697/ajter030105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58697/ajter030105","url":null,"abstract":"Malaria vector control in Niger is currently based on the distribution of insecticide treated nets. However, vectors resistance to insecticides represents a major threat to the current national strategy against malaria. This study aims to characterize the impact of agroecosystems on insecticide resistance in Anopheles gambiae s.l. at Niamey. Larvae collected were reared until emergence. Adults aged 2-5 days were used to assess susceptibility to insecticides (pyrethroids, DDT and bendiocarb) after pre-exposure to piperonyl butoxide (PBO) synergist according to WHO protocols. PCRs were performed to identify the sibling species of An. gambiae complex and characterization resistance mutations (Kdr and ace-1). Overall, An. gambiae s.l. was resistance to pyrethroids and DDT (mortality rates from 1% to 55%) and susceptible to bendiocarb at most sites. Pre-exposure to the PBO synergist resulted in partial restoration of pyrethroid susceptibility. Two species of An. gambiae complex were found: An. arabiensis and An. coluzzii. The presence of An. coluzzii was strongly correlated with agricultural practices (99% in rice cultivation sites). Kdr mutations were found at all sites with kdr-w ranging from 45% to 70% in mosquitoes collected in unirrigated and rice field, respectively, and kdr-e found at 37% to 47% at each type of site, respectively. The ace-1 mutation was detected at low frequency (1%) and only from two rice cultivation sites. The high levels of pyrethroid and DDT resistance detected in Niamey had a strong link with rice cultivation, shown that agriculture is a driver of resistance that can compromise control malaria efforts. Keywords: Anopheles gambiae sensu lato, insecticide, resistance, agroecosystem, vector control, Niamey, Niger..","PeriodicalId":489858,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Tropical Entomology Research","volume":"1 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141023094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Black bean aphid (BBA) is a serious insect pest that severely significantly impacts French bean production. Over-reliance on synthetic chemicals to reduce economic losses caused by aphids poses serious environmental and human health threats. Biopesticides containing entomopathogenic fungi (EPF) have potential as viable alternatives that can be incorporated into integrated to manage such insect pests. The efficacy of Metarhizium anisopliae against BBA was assessed in the laboratory under a complete randomized design (CRD) design with five replicates. Data was analysed using SAS 9.4 (2021). In part one, Metarhizium anisopliae products caused bean aphid mortality etween 60.1% and 95.5%. Mazao supreme (4×108 spores/ml) and Metarril (4×108 spores/ml) caused the highest mortality (95.5%) and the lowest concentration of irrespective product caused the lowest mortality (60.1%) after treatment application. In part two, alpha-cypermethrin caused the highest aphid mortality (99.3%), followed by Metarril (84.2%), Mazao (80.7%) and biomagic had the lowest (68.4%) mortality after treatment application. Alpha-cypermethrin had the lowest lethatl time (LT50), causing 50% aphid mortality, followed by Metarril, Mazao supreme, and biomagic. Differents treatments had varying effects on nymph numbers. Alpha-cypermethrin caused 50% aphid mortality, followed by Metarril, Mazao supreme, and biomagic, with varying effects on nymph numbers. The study recommends incorporating Metarhizium anisopliae-based biopesticides, particularly Metarril by small holder farmers to offer a cost-effective integrated pest management approach for managing BBA (adults and nymphs) in French bean production while reducing reliance on synthetic chemicals. Keywords: Black bean aphid, biopesticides, French beans
{"title":"Efficacy of the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae (Clavicipitaceae: Hypocreales) against the black bean aphid (Aphis fabae Scopoli, 1763) under laboratory conditions","authors":"Anthony Emaru, Jane Nyaanga, M. Saidi","doi":"10.58697/ajter030106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58697/ajter030106","url":null,"abstract":"Black bean aphid (BBA) is a serious insect pest that severely significantly impacts French bean production. Over-reliance on synthetic chemicals to reduce economic losses caused by aphids poses serious environmental and human health threats. Biopesticides containing entomopathogenic fungi (EPF) have potential as viable alternatives that can be incorporated into integrated to manage such insect pests. The efficacy of Metarhizium anisopliae against BBA was assessed in the laboratory under a complete randomized design (CRD) design with five replicates. Data was analysed using SAS 9.4 (2021). In part one, Metarhizium anisopliae products caused bean aphid mortality etween 60.1% and 95.5%. Mazao supreme (4×108 spores/ml) and Metarril (4×108 spores/ml) caused the highest mortality (95.5%) and the lowest concentration of irrespective product caused the lowest mortality (60.1%) after treatment application. In part two, alpha-cypermethrin caused the highest aphid mortality (99.3%), followed by Metarril (84.2%), Mazao (80.7%) and biomagic had the lowest (68.4%) mortality after treatment application. Alpha-cypermethrin had the lowest lethatl time (LT50), causing 50% aphid mortality, followed by Metarril, Mazao supreme, and biomagic. Differents treatments had varying effects on nymph numbers. Alpha-cypermethrin caused 50% aphid mortality, followed by Metarril, Mazao supreme, and biomagic, with varying effects on nymph numbers. The study recommends incorporating Metarhizium anisopliae-based biopesticides, particularly Metarril by small holder farmers to offer a cost-effective integrated pest management approach for managing BBA (adults and nymphs) in French bean production while reducing reliance on synthetic chemicals. Keywords: Black bean aphid, biopesticides, French beans","PeriodicalId":489858,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Tropical Entomology Research","volume":"9 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141021371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
G. Mabossy-Mobouna, Louis Looli Boyombe, Justin Ombeni, Théodore Munyuli, Paul Latham, François Malaisse
The present article addresses an aspect of entomophagy for the current urban population of Brazzaville city, capital of the Republic of the Congo. It recalls, firstly, the interest in entomophagy, which was emphasised by the FAO in 2013. Concerning the Brazzaville city, cultural and religious practices of the current inhabitants attract attention and have in particular been analysed, as well as their sociodemographic and dietary characteristics. Caterpillars, orthopterans, termites and beetle larvae were discussed in particular. In this study, the questionnaire was used as a data collection tool. The results showed that the acceptability or not of insects as food by the non-native populations of Brazzaville depends on their country of origin, their ethnicity and their length of residence (p<0.001). Insect consumption is highly positively correlated with the presence of preferred insects from the country of origin on the market (r=0.837; p<0.001). There is a very significant negative correlation between the number of years of residence in Brazzaville and the consumption of insects by non-native populations (r=-0.306; p<0.001). People who consumed insects in their country of origin either maintained the habit of insects’ consumption (59.50%), or lost this habit (13.90%). The others (3.00%) who do not consume insects in their region have integrated entomophagy into their eating habits following cultural contact with entomophagous populations. Therefore, cultural contact has a negative or positive influence on entomophagy.
{"title":"Ethnoentomology: socio-cultural aspects of the acceptability of insects as food by the urban population of Brazzaville city in Republic of the Congo","authors":"G. Mabossy-Mobouna, Louis Looli Boyombe, Justin Ombeni, Théodore Munyuli, Paul Latham, François Malaisse","doi":"10.58697/ajter030104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58697/ajter030104","url":null,"abstract":"The present article addresses an aspect of entomophagy for the current urban population of Brazzaville city, capital of the Republic of the Congo. It recalls, firstly, the interest in entomophagy, which was emphasised by the FAO in 2013. Concerning the Brazzaville city, cultural and religious practices of the current inhabitants attract attention and have in particular been analysed, as well as their sociodemographic and dietary characteristics. Caterpillars, orthopterans, termites and beetle larvae were discussed in particular. In this study, the questionnaire was used as a data collection tool. The results showed that the acceptability or not of insects as food by the non-native populations of Brazzaville depends on their country of origin, their ethnicity and their length of residence (p<0.001). Insect consumption is highly positively correlated with the presence of preferred insects from the country of origin on the market (r=0.837; p<0.001). There is a very significant negative correlation between the number of years of residence in Brazzaville and the consumption of insects by non-native populations (r=-0.306; p<0.001). People who consumed insects in their country of origin either maintained the habit of insects’ consumption (59.50%), or lost this habit (13.90%). The others (3.00%) who do not consume insects in their region have integrated entomophagy into their eating habits following cultural contact with entomophagous populations. Therefore, cultural contact has a negative or positive influence on entomophagy.","PeriodicalId":489858,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Tropical Entomology Research","volume":"110 29","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140679569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Guylain Bolondo, Louis Looli Boyombe, Juré Bononga, Hervé Ambakina, Jean-Antoine Mbula, Edouard Ndjango, Justin B. Ombeni, Jean-Claude L. Monzenga
Insects have been a particularly popular resource for human and animal nutrition since the turn of the century, owing mostly to population increase and the ever-increasing need for animal protein. A five (5) months experimental study was carried out at the Yangambi Laboratory of Applied and Functional Entomology in Kisangani to explore a variety of artificial substrates for the mass production of African palm weevil (Rhynchophorus phoenicis) larvae. The larvae were reared in plastic boxes with three types of substrate: T1, based on ripe plantains; T2, based on brewery flour; and T3, based on Makololo flour, which was used as the energy component and made up 60% of the substrate. Palm oilcake and soybean, which accounted for 40% of the substrate, supplied protein. Each treatment was divided into two (2) groups (A and B), this subdivision being based on the presence or absence of soybean meal. 0.8 kg of substrate for each box was given ad libitum every two weeks (14 days). The adults used were captured after trapping in the forest. Broodstocks were randomly assigned to 42 groups (boxes), randomly assigned to six (6) feeding treatments, using a completely randomised design (CRD) with seven (7) replicates. After feeding trial, the results showed that the number and weight of last instar larvae differed between treatments. From the various treatments, an average of 398 last instar larvae LIV, rearing for 32 to 37 days and weighing between 1.56 and 2.22 g were collected. The substrate based on ripe plantain (T1A) produced the highest average number of larvae compared to others (p<0.05), while the substrate based on brew (T2B) produced LIV with higher average weights (p<0.05).
{"title":"Rearing of Rhynchophorus phoenicis Fabricius (Coleoptera: Dryophtoridae) last instar larvae on three artificial substrates in Kisangani, Democratic Republic of the Congo","authors":"Guylain Bolondo, Louis Looli Boyombe, Juré Bononga, Hervé Ambakina, Jean-Antoine Mbula, Edouard Ndjango, Justin B. Ombeni, Jean-Claude L. Monzenga","doi":"10.58697/ajter020310","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58697/ajter020310","url":null,"abstract":"Insects have been a particularly popular resource for human and animal nutrition since the turn of the century, owing mostly to population increase and the ever-increasing need for animal protein. A five (5) months experimental study was carried out at the Yangambi Laboratory of Applied and Functional Entomology in Kisangani to explore a variety of artificial substrates for the mass production of African palm weevil (Rhynchophorus phoenicis) larvae. The larvae were reared in plastic boxes with three types of substrate: T1, based on ripe plantains; T2, based on brewery flour; and T3, based on Makololo flour, which was used as the energy component and made up 60% of the substrate. Palm oilcake and soybean, which accounted for 40% of the substrate, supplied protein. Each treatment was divided into two (2) groups (A and B), this subdivision being based on the presence or absence of soybean meal. 0.8 kg of substrate for each box was given ad libitum every two weeks (14 days). The adults used were captured after trapping in the forest. Broodstocks were randomly assigned to 42 groups (boxes), randomly assigned to six (6) feeding treatments, using a completely randomised design (CRD) with seven (7) replicates. After feeding trial, the results showed that the number and weight of last instar larvae differed between treatments. From the various treatments, an average of 398 last instar larvae LIV, rearing for 32 to 37 days and weighing between 1.56 and 2.22 g were collected. The substrate based on ripe plantain (T1A) produced the highest average number of larvae compared to others (p<0.05), while the substrate based on brew (T2B) produced LIV with higher average weights (p<0.05).","PeriodicalId":489858,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Tropical Entomology Research","volume":"7 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139524164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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