Our knowledge about the food habits of sea snakes and how it is associated with their distribution has seen much development through its description across a number of species available through published literature except for the key threatened species such as Hydrophis semperi. This paper aims to describe the food habits of H. semperi through gut content and stable isotope analyses. We also compared data with the Little File Snake, Acrochordus granulatus, sympatric with H. semperi. Recorded captures of H. semperi suggest that the sea snake tends to occur in the littoral zones and the shallower portions of the limnetic zone. Gut content analysis of H. semperi have shown that gobies and eels are primary prey items. Halfbeaks (Family Hemiramphidae) were recorded as one of the Lake Taal Sea Snake's prey items which is considered as a new prey record for sea snakes. These extracted gut contents are confirmed to be the temporal food preference of H. semperi given our detected stable isotope signatures. It appears that A. granulatus and H. semperi share common prey items suggesting possible diet overlap and resource competition. This study reports the first account of the endemic Lake Taal Sea Snake's distribution and food habits which poses implications towards its conservation as it occurs in a restricted ecosystem that has undergone considerable habitat alteration.
{"title":"Food habits and distribution of the Lake Taal sea snake (Hydrophis semperi Garman 1881) and the sympatric little file snake (Acrochordus granulatus Schneider 1799) in Lake Taal, Philippines","authors":"Vhon, Oliver, García, Rey, Donne, Pápa, Jonathan, Carlo, Briones, Norman, Mendoza, Noboru, Okuda, Arvin, Diesmos","doi":"10.3724/SP.J.1245.2014.00255","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3724/SP.J.1245.2014.00255","url":null,"abstract":"Our knowledge about the food habits of sea snakes and how it is associated with their distribution has seen much development through its description across a number of species available through published literature except for the key threatened species such as Hydrophis semperi. This paper aims to describe the food habits of H. semperi through gut content and stable isotope analyses. We also compared data with the Little File Snake, Acrochordus granulatus, sympatric with H. semperi. Recorded captures of H. semperi suggest that the sea snake tends to occur in the littoral zones and the shallower portions of the limnetic zone. Gut content analysis of H. semperi have shown that gobies and eels are primary prey items. Halfbeaks (Family Hemiramphidae) were recorded as one of the Lake Taal Sea Snake's prey items which is considered as a new prey record for sea snakes. These extracted gut contents are confirmed to be the temporal food preference of H. semperi given our detected stable isotope signatures. It appears that A. granulatus and H. semperi share common prey items suggesting possible diet overlap and resource competition. This study reports the first account of the endemic Lake Taal Sea Snake's distribution and food habits which poses implications towards its conservation as it occurs in a restricted ecosystem that has undergone considerable habitat alteration.","PeriodicalId":49236,"journal":{"name":"Asian Herpetological Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70022039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-12-01DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1245.2014.00213
Yan-fu, Qu, Qun, Zhao, Hongliang, Lú, Xiang, Ji
Phylogeographic studies of Eremias lizards (Lacertidae) in East Asia have been limited, and the impact of major climatic events on their population dynamics remains poorly known. This study aimed to investigate population histories and refugia during the Last Glacial Maximum of two sympatric Eremias lizards (E. argus and E. brenchleyi) inhabiting northern China. We sequenced partial mitochondrial DNA from the ND4 gene for 128 individuals of E. argus from nine localities, and 46 individuals of E. brenchleyi from five localities. Forty-four ND4 haplotypes were determined from E. argus samples, and 33 from E. brenchleyi samples. Population expansion events began about 0.0044 Ma in E. argus, and 0.031 Ma in E. brenchleyi. The demographic history of E. brenchleyi indicates a long-lasting population decline since the most recent common ancestor, while that of E. argus indicates a continuous population growth. Among-population structure was significant in both species, and there were multiple refugia across their range. Intermittent gene flow occurred among expanded populations across multiple refugia during warmer phases of the glacial period, and this may explain why the effective population size has remained relatively stable in E. brenchleyi and grown in E. argus.
{"title":"Population Dynamics Following the Last Glacial Maximum in Two Sympatric Lizards in Northern China","authors":"Yan-fu, Qu, Qun, Zhao, Hongliang, Lú, Xiang, Ji","doi":"10.3724/SP.J.1245.2014.00213","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3724/SP.J.1245.2014.00213","url":null,"abstract":"Phylogeographic studies of Eremias lizards (Lacertidae) in East Asia have been limited, and the impact of major climatic events on their population dynamics remains poorly known. This study aimed to investigate population histories and refugia during the Last Glacial Maximum of two sympatric Eremias lizards (E. argus and E. brenchleyi) inhabiting northern China. We sequenced partial mitochondrial DNA from the ND4 gene for 128 individuals of E. argus from nine localities, and 46 individuals of E. brenchleyi from five localities. Forty-four ND4 haplotypes were determined from E. argus samples, and 33 from E. brenchleyi samples. Population expansion events began about 0.0044 Ma in E. argus, and 0.031 Ma in E. brenchleyi. The demographic history of E. brenchleyi indicates a long-lasting population decline since the most recent common ancestor, while that of E. argus indicates a continuous population growth. Among-population structure was significant in both species, and there were multiple refugia across their range. Intermittent gene flow occurred among expanded populations across multiple refugia during warmer phases of the glacial period, and this may explain why the effective population size has remained relatively stable in E. brenchleyi and grown in E. argus.","PeriodicalId":49236,"journal":{"name":"Asian Herpetological Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70022070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-09-12DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1245.2014.00168
Fatemeh Fakharzadeh, J. Darvish, H. Kami, Z. Ghassemzadeh, E. Rastegar-pouyani
Previous studies on the Bufo viridis complex, which is distributed broadly across Iran, are incomplete and restricted to a few regions or a few samples. In this paper a new detailed study on the B. viridis complex in southern of Iran(from West to East) is presented. The analysis of 18 morphometric characters with univariate and multivariate methods reveals significant differences between three members of the B. viridis complex namely B. variabilis, B. luristanicus, and B. surdus distributed in southern part of Iran. Our result help to resolve an old taxonomic problem about B. surdus subgroup(taxa closely related to B. surdus) confirming that B. luristanicus and B. surdus are distinct species. Moreover, for the first time we report and describe karyotype details of B. luristanicus and B. surdus which confirmed that they are diploid. Karyological studies demonstrate that all toads from three mentioned species have 2n = 22 chromosomes. These chromosomes are arranged into two groups. First group has six large chromosomes and the second group is composed of five small chromosomes. These chromosomes are metacentric or submetacentric. The number of submetacentric chromosomes is different in three mentioned species of B. viridis complex. Neither sexual heteromorphism, nor secondary constriction was observed in any pairs of chromosomes.
{"title":"New Karyological and Morphometric Data on Poorly Known Bufo surdus and Bufo luristanicus in Comparison with Data of Diploid Green Toads of the Bufo viridis Complex from South of Iran","authors":"Fatemeh Fakharzadeh, J. Darvish, H. Kami, Z. Ghassemzadeh, E. Rastegar-pouyani","doi":"10.3724/SP.J.1245.2014.00168","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3724/SP.J.1245.2014.00168","url":null,"abstract":"Previous studies on the Bufo viridis complex, which is distributed broadly across Iran, are incomplete and restricted to a few regions or a few samples. In this paper a new detailed study on the B. viridis complex in southern of Iran(from West to East) is presented. The analysis of 18 morphometric characters with univariate and multivariate methods reveals significant differences between three members of the B. viridis complex namely B. variabilis, B. luristanicus, and B. surdus distributed in southern part of Iran. Our result help to resolve an old taxonomic problem about B. surdus subgroup(taxa closely related to B. surdus) confirming that B. luristanicus and B. surdus are distinct species. Moreover, for the first time we report and describe karyotype details of B. luristanicus and B. surdus which confirmed that they are diploid. Karyological studies demonstrate that all toads from three mentioned species have 2n = 22 chromosomes. These chromosomes are arranged into two groups. First group has six large chromosomes and the second group is composed of five small chromosomes. These chromosomes are metacentric or submetacentric. The number of submetacentric chromosomes is different in three mentioned species of B. viridis complex. Neither sexual heteromorphism, nor secondary constriction was observed in any pairs of chromosomes.","PeriodicalId":49236,"journal":{"name":"Asian Herpetological Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70021674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-06-25DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1245.2014.00104
Y. Xin, Hh Wang, Xl Tang, S. Lu, WX（李文新） Li, Y. Zhang, S. Liang, Qiang Chen
Sox9 is an important member of Sox family which is involved in a variety of developmental processes including sex determination and gonadal differentiation. The cDNA of Sox9 from multiocellated racerunner E. multiocellata was cloned using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE). The sequence contains a 1497 bp open reading frame, which encodes a 498 amino acid protein with a predicted molecular weight of 55.45 kDa. EmSox9 displays high similarity to those of reptiles, and shows an overall amino acid identity of >82%. We also investigated the tissue-specific expression of EmSox9 mRNA by real-time quantitative PCR. Sox9 mRNA is present in brain, heart, liver, kidney, gonads and muscle tissues of adult E. multiocellata, with the highest expression in brain and testis. The results indicate that Sox9 may play important roles in some tissues during E. multiocellata neural and gonadal development.
{"title":"Characterisation and Expression Analysis of Sox9 in the Multiocellated Racerunner, Eremias multiocellata","authors":"Y. Xin, Hh Wang, Xl Tang, S. Lu, WX（李文新） Li, Y. Zhang, S. Liang, Qiang Chen","doi":"10.3724/SP.J.1245.2014.00104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3724/SP.J.1245.2014.00104","url":null,"abstract":"Sox9 is an important member of Sox family which is involved in a variety of developmental processes including sex determination and gonadal differentiation. The cDNA of Sox9 from multiocellated racerunner E. multiocellata was cloned using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE). The sequence contains a 1497 bp open reading frame, which encodes a 498 amino acid protein with a predicted molecular weight of 55.45 kDa. EmSox9 displays high similarity to those of reptiles, and shows an overall amino acid identity of >82%. We also investigated the tissue-specific expression of EmSox9 mRNA by real-time quantitative PCR. Sox9 mRNA is present in brain, heart, liver, kidney, gonads and muscle tissues of adult E. multiocellata, with the highest expression in brain and testis. The results indicate that Sox9 may play important roles in some tissues during E. multiocellata neural and gonadal development.","PeriodicalId":49236,"journal":{"name":"Asian Herpetological Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70021551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-01-01DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1245.2014.00150
Jian, Zhao, Jianhuan, Yang, Guoling, Chen, Chun-quan, Yingyong, Wang
A new species, Brachytarsophrys popei sp. nov., is described based on a series of specimens collected from Mount Jinggang, Jiangxi Province, Taoyuandong Nature Reserve, Hunan Province and Nanling Nature Reserve, Guangdong Province, China. The new species can be easily distinguished from other known congeners by morphology, morphometrics and molecular data of the mitochondrial 16 S rRNA gene. It is characterized by its relatively small size with 86.2 mm in snout-vent length in adult female and 70.7 mm–83.5 mm in males; vomerine teeth bearing on two markedly elevated ridges, which projecting behind far beyond the posterior level of the choanae, widely separated by a distance nearly 1.5 times length of one; margin of tongue deeply notched behind; toes about one-third to two-thirds webbed in males, at most one-third webbed in female; the webs extending as a wide fringes along either side of toes; upper eyelid with tubercles, one of which is enlarged and becoming a remarkably prominent, bluntly conical lightyellow horn; black tiny nuptial spines on the dorsal surface of the first finger and second finger base, single vocal sac in males; gravid females bear pure yellowish oocytes; tadpoles with a transverse white stripe on ventral surface and two longitudinal white stripes along the sides of body. The new species represents the fifth known Brachytarsophrys species.
根据在江西井冈山、湖南桃园洞自然保护区和广东南岭自然保护区采集的一系列标本，描述了一新种brachytarsophys popei sp. nov.。通过形态学、形态计量学和线粒体16s rRNA基因的分子数据，可以很容易地将新物种与其他已知的同源物种区分开来。体型较小，雌成虫口长86.2 mm，雄成虫口长70.7 mm ~ 83.5 mm;长在两个明显隆起的脊上的横齿，突出在远超过后齿的后水平的后方，被近一长度的1.5倍的距离广泛分开;舌缘后面深凹痕;趾在雄性约三分之一到三分之二有蹼，在雌性最多三分之一有蹼;蹼沿脚趾两侧延伸成宽边;上眼睑具结节，其中一个扩大并成为一显著突出的，直言圆锥形的淡黄色角;在第一指和第二指基部的背表面上黑色的细小的婚棘，雄的单声囊;怀孕的雌性有纯黄色的卵母细胞;蝌蚪，腹部有横向白色条纹，身体两侧有纵向白色条纹。这一新物种是已知的第五个短跗猴物种。
{"title":"Description of a New Species of the Genus Brachytarsophrys Tian and Hu, 1983 （Amphibia： Anura： Megophryidae） from Southern China Based on Molecular and Morphological Data","authors":"Jian, Zhao, Jianhuan, Yang, Guoling, Chen, Chun-quan, Yingyong, Wang","doi":"10.3724/SP.J.1245.2014.00150","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3724/SP.J.1245.2014.00150","url":null,"abstract":"A new species, Brachytarsophrys popei sp. nov., is described based on a series of specimens collected from Mount Jinggang, Jiangxi Province, Taoyuandong Nature Reserve, Hunan Province and Nanling Nature Reserve, Guangdong Province, China. The new species can be easily distinguished from other known congeners by morphology, morphometrics and molecular data of the mitochondrial 16 S rRNA gene. It is characterized by its relatively small size with 86.2 mm in snout-vent length in adult female and 70.7 mm–83.5 mm in males; vomerine teeth bearing on two markedly elevated ridges, which projecting behind far beyond the posterior level of the choanae, widely separated by a distance nearly 1.5 times length of one; margin of tongue deeply notched behind; toes about one-third to two-thirds webbed in males, at most one-third webbed in female; the webs extending as a wide fringes along either side of toes; upper eyelid with tubercles, one of which is enlarged and becoming a remarkably prominent, bluntly conical lightyellow horn; black tiny nuptial spines on the dorsal surface of the first finger and second finger base, single vocal sac in males; gravid females bear pure yellowish oocytes; tadpoles with a transverse white stripe on ventral surface and two longitudinal white stripes along the sides of body. The new species represents the fifth known Brachytarsophrys species.","PeriodicalId":49236,"journal":{"name":"Asian Herpetological Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70021463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The matrilineal genealogy of the genus Paramesotriton is hypothesized based on DNA sequences from mitochondrial NADH subunit two(ND2) and its flanking tRNAs(tRNATrp and a partial tRNAAla). The genealogy identifies a highly divergent, unnamed lineage from Qixiling Nature Reserve, Jiangxi, China and places it as the sister taxon of P. chinensis. The newly discovered population differs from other congeners by several features of external morphology including having large clusters of dark brown conical warts on the dorsum of the head, lateral surface of the body and dorsolateral ridges. Its intermittent dorsal vertebral ridge is the same color as other parts of the dorsum and tail narrows gradually from the base to the tip. Further, the new population differs from all congeners by an uncorrected P-distance of more than 9.38% in ND2. Consequently, we describe the new species of Asian warty newt(Salamandridae) as Paramesotriton qixilingensis sp. nov.
{"title":"Phylogenetic Relationships of the Genus Paramesotriton (Caudata: Salamandridae) with the Description of a New Species from Qixiling Nature Reserve, Jiangxi, Southeastern China and a Key to the species","authors":"Zhiyong, Yuan, Haipeng, Zhao, Ke, Jiang, Mian, Hou, Lizhong, He, Robert, W.Murphy, Jing, Che","doi":"10.3724/SP.J.1245.2014.00067","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3724/SP.J.1245.2014.00067","url":null,"abstract":"The matrilineal genealogy of the genus Paramesotriton is hypothesized based on DNA sequences from mitochondrial NADH subunit two(ND2) and its flanking tRNAs(tRNATrp and a partial tRNAAla). The genealogy identifies a highly divergent, unnamed lineage from Qixiling Nature Reserve, Jiangxi, China and places it as the sister taxon of P. chinensis. The newly discovered population differs from other congeners by several features of external morphology including having large clusters of dark brown conical warts on the dorsum of the head, lateral surface of the body and dorsolateral ridges. Its intermittent dorsal vertebral ridge is the same color as other parts of the dorsum and tail narrows gradually from the base to the tip. Further, the new population differs from all congeners by an uncorrected P-distance of more than 9.38% in ND2. Consequently, we describe the new species of Asian warty newt(Salamandridae) as Paramesotriton qixilingensis sp. nov.","PeriodicalId":49236,"journal":{"name":"Asian Herpetological Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70020770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-01-01DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1245.2014.00054
Guiying Chen, Jiongyu Liu, Q. Dai, Jianping Jiang
Body surface area (BSA) was regarded as a more readily quantifiable parameter relative to body mass in the normalization of comparative biochemistry and physiology. The BSA prediction has attracted unceasing research back more than a century on animals, especially on humans and rats. Few studies in this area for anurans were reported, and the equation for body surface area (5) and body mass (W): S = 9.9 W-0.56, which was concluded from toads of four species in 1969, was generally adopted to estimate the body surface areas for anurans until recent years. However, this equation was not applicable to Odorrana grahami. The relationship between body surface area and body mass for this species was established as: S = 15.4 W-0.579. Our current results suggest estimation equations should be used cautiously across different species and body surface area predictions on more species need to be conducted.
在比较生物化学和生理学标准化中，体表面积(BSA)被认为是相对于体重更容易量化的参数。一个多世纪以来，对BSA的预测吸引了不断的动物研究，尤其是对人类和老鼠的研究。这方面的研究较少，直到近年来，一般采用1969年从4种蟾蜍中得出的体表面积(5)和体重(W): S = 9.9 W-0.56的公式来估算无尾蟾蜍的体表面积。然而，这个方程并不适用于Odorrana grahami。体表面积与体重的关系为:S = 15.4 W-0.579。我们目前的研究结果表明，估算方程在不同物种之间应该谨慎使用，需要对更多物种进行体表面积预测。
{"title":"Body Surface Area Prediction in Odorrana grahami","authors":"Guiying Chen, Jiongyu Liu, Q. Dai, Jianping Jiang","doi":"10.3724/SP.J.1245.2014.00054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3724/SP.J.1245.2014.00054","url":null,"abstract":"Body surface area (BSA) was regarded as a more readily quantifiable parameter relative to body mass in the normalization of comparative biochemistry and physiology. The BSA prediction has attracted unceasing research back more than a century on animals, especially on humans and rats. Few studies in this area for anurans were reported, and the equation for body surface area (5) and body mass (W): S = 9.9 W-0.56, which was concluded from toads of four species in 1969, was generally adopted to estimate the body surface areas for anurans until recent years. However, this equation was not applicable to Odorrana grahami. The relationship between body surface area and body mass for this species was established as: S = 15.4 W-0.579. Our current results suggest estimation equations should be used cautiously across different species and body surface area predictions on more species need to be conducted.","PeriodicalId":49236,"journal":{"name":"Asian Herpetological Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70021171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-01-01DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1245.2014.00240
Jie Wang, F. Xie, Gang Wang, Jianping Jiang
Here we provide an example of simultaneous polyandry based on genetic evidence in Feirana kangxianensis. This stream-dwelling species occurs only in Kangxian County, southern Gansu Province, where it is sympatric with its sibling species F quadranus. During the breeding season the sex ratio of F kangxianensis was marginally female-biased (44 male:59 female) and the encounter rate in a relatively pristine habitat was significantly higher than that in heavily quarried habitats (9.6 +/- 4.8 indiv./km vs. 3.2 +/- 2.5 indiv./km). Three egg masses containing an average of 698 eggs were deposited on the underside of one or two adjacent flat rocks, 6.0-10.0 cm under the water surface and 1.0-3.5 cm above the streambed. Using Bayesian sibship clustering of nine polymorphic microsatellite genotypes, two females were detected as group-spawning in one oviposition site, with three males fertilizing each female's eggs simultaneously. We also discuss the conservation requirements of this range-restricted species and the evolutionary implication of its unusual reproductive strategy.
本文以费拉那康仙人为例，提供了同时多夫制的遗传证据。这种生活在溪流中的物种只出现在甘肃省南部的康县，在那里它与它的兄弟物种四足龙是同栖的。在繁殖季节，康贤丰的性别比为雌性偏倚(雄性44:雌性59)，相对原始生境的偶遇率显著高于重度采伐生境的偶遇率(9.6 +/- 4.8)。/km vs. 3.2 +/- 2.5人/km)。在水面以下6.0-10.0 cm、河床上方1.0-3.5 cm的一块或两块相邻的平坦岩石的底部，沉积了3个卵团，平均含有698个卵。利用9个多态微卫星基因型的贝叶斯兄弟姐妹聚类，在一个产卵点检测到两只雌虫群生，三只雄虫同时受精每只雌虫的卵。我们还讨论了这种范围受限的物种的保护要求及其不同寻常的生殖策略的进化意义。
{"title":"Group-spawning and Simultanous Polyandry of a Stream-dwelling Frog Feirana kangxianensis","authors":"Jie Wang, F. Xie, Gang Wang, Jianping Jiang","doi":"10.3724/SP.J.1245.2014.00240","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3724/SP.J.1245.2014.00240","url":null,"abstract":"Here we provide an example of simultaneous polyandry based on genetic evidence in Feirana kangxianensis. This stream-dwelling species occurs only in Kangxian County, southern Gansu Province, where it is sympatric with its sibling species F quadranus. During the breeding season the sex ratio of F kangxianensis was marginally female-biased (44 male:59 female) and the encounter rate in a relatively pristine habitat was significantly higher than that in heavily quarried habitats (9.6 +/- 4.8 indiv./km vs. 3.2 +/- 2.5 indiv./km). Three egg masses containing an average of 698 eggs were deposited on the underside of one or two adjacent flat rocks, 6.0-10.0 cm under the water surface and 1.0-3.5 cm above the streambed. Using Bayesian sibship clustering of nine polymorphic microsatellite genotypes, two females were detected as group-spawning in one oviposition site, with three males fertilizing each female's eggs simultaneously. We also discuss the conservation requirements of this range-restricted species and the evolutionary implication of its unusual reproductive strategy.","PeriodicalId":49236,"journal":{"name":"Asian Herpetological Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70021858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-01-01DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1245.2014.00080
Yikhei, Sung, Jianhuan, Yang, Yingyong, Wang
A new species, Leptolalax laui sp. nov. is described based on specimens collected from Hong Kong and Shenzhen City, Guangdong Province, China. The new species can be distinguished from other known congeners by morphological and molecular data. The new species is characterized by the following characters: 1) small size(adult males SVL 24.8.1 mm-26.7 mm); 2) near immaculate creamy white chest and belly; 3) broad lateral fringes on toes; 4) head longer or as long as wide; 5) distinct dark brown spots in flank; 6) moderate dermal fringes on fingers; 7) brown or reddish-brown dorsum with fine round scattered tubercles; 8) thin traverse brownish-grey bars on the dorsal surface of tibia and lower arms; 9) longitudinal ridges under toes not interrupted at the articulations.
本文根据在香港和广东省深圳市采集的标本，描述了一新种lai Leptolalax sp. 11 .。新种可以通过形态和分子数据与其他已知的同源物种区分开来。新种具有以下特征:1)体型小(雄性成虫体长24.8.1 mm ~ 26.7 mm);2)接近无瑕的乳白色胸部和腹部;3)在脚趾上的宽侧缘;4)头部较长或与长一样宽;5)在侧面明显的深棕色斑点;6)手指上的中度真皮边缘;7)棕色或红棕色的背具细小的圆形散在的小结节;8)胫骨和下臂背表面的细横纹肌呈棕灰色;9)在关节处不间断的趾下纵脊。
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