Pub Date : 2013-12-19DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1245.2013.00197
Wang Li, W. Yong, Hu Yanqing
Morganella morganii is a gram-negative rod, commonly found in the environment and in the intestinal tracts of human beings and animals (O’Hara et al., 2000; Falagas et al., 2006). M. morganii is considered to be an important intensive care unit pathogen and causes fatal massive hemolysis leading to death (Singla et al., 2010). The infection of skin and soft tissue by M. morganii is very common (Falagas et al., 2006). The most frequent cause of M. morganii bacteremia is postoperative wound infection, and most infections occur in the patients who have received recent therapy with beta-lactam antibiotics. Other important epidemiological risk factors are the presence of diabetes mellitus, meningitis, septic arthritis, and so on (Falagas et al., 2006). M. morganii bacteremia frequently occurs secondarily due to urinary tract or hepatobiliary tract infection, and is associated with a high mortality, especially for those not receiving Morganella morganii as a Causative Agent of Disease in the Chinese Giant Salamander (Andrias davidianus)
莫氏摩根菌是一种革兰氏阴性杆状菌，常见于环境和人类和动物的肠道中(O 'Hara et al.， 2000;Falagas et al.， 2006)。莫氏分枝杆菌被认为是一种重要的重症监护病房病原体，可导致致命的大量溶血导致死亡(Singla et al.， 2010)。莫氏分枝杆菌对皮肤和软组织的感染非常常见(Falagas et al.， 2006)。莫氏分枝杆菌菌血症最常见的原因是术后伤口感染，大多数感染发生在近期接受β -内酰胺类抗生素治疗的患者中。其他重要的流行病学危险因素是糖尿病、脑膜炎、脓毒性关节炎等(Falagas et al.， 2006)。莫氏分枝杆菌菌血症经常继发于泌尿道或肝胆道感染，并与高死亡率相关，特别是对于那些没有接受莫氏分枝杆菌作为致病剂的中国大鲵(Andrias davidianus)。
{"title":"Morganella morganii as a Causative Agent of Disease in the Chinese Giant Salamander (Andrias davidianus): Morganella morganii as a Causative Agent of Disease in the Chinese Giant Salamander (Andrias davidianus)","authors":"Wang Li, W. Yong, Hu Yanqing","doi":"10.3724/SP.J.1245.2013.00197","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3724/SP.J.1245.2013.00197","url":null,"abstract":"Morganella morganii is a gram-negative rod, commonly found in the environment and in the intestinal tracts of human beings and animals (O’Hara et al., 2000; Falagas et al., 2006). M. morganii is considered to be an important intensive care unit pathogen and causes fatal massive hemolysis leading to death (Singla et al., 2010). The infection of skin and soft tissue by M. morganii is very common (Falagas et al., 2006). The most frequent cause of M. morganii bacteremia is postoperative wound infection, and most infections occur in the patients who have received recent therapy with beta-lactam antibiotics. Other important epidemiological risk factors are the presence of diabetes mellitus, meningitis, septic arthritis, and so on (Falagas et al., 2006). M. morganii bacteremia frequently occurs secondarily due to urinary tract or hepatobiliary tract infection, and is associated with a high mortality, especially for those not receiving Morganella morganii as a Causative Agent of Disease in the Chinese Giant Salamander (Andrias davidianus)","PeriodicalId":49236,"journal":{"name":"Asian Herpetological Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70020542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-12-19DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1245.2013.00124
Pan Shulin, Dang Ningxin, Wang Jishan, Z. Yi-tao, Rao Dingqi, Li Jia-tang
{"title":"Molecular Phylogeny Supports the Validity of Polypedates impresus Yang 2008: Molecular Phylogeny Supports the Validity of Polypedates impresus Yang 2008","authors":"Pan Shulin, Dang Ningxin, Wang Jishan, Z. Yi-tao, Rao Dingqi, Li Jia-tang","doi":"10.3724/SP.J.1245.2013.00124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3724/SP.J.1245.2013.00124","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49236,"journal":{"name":"Asian Herpetological Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70020090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We examined the dietary diversity and food intake of Phrynocephalus frontalis, compared the difference of insect diversity in the natural habitats with different lizard densities, and discussed the potential role of this lizard in the desert ecosystem. The results show that:(1) arthropodans of the orders Coleoptera, Hymenoptera and Hemiptera were major dietary components of P. frontalis;(2) coleoptera larvae always formed the predominant component of lizard diets;(3) dietary diversities of P. frontalis were not significantly different between summer and autumn or between the two sexes;(4) the similarity in trophic niches between seasons was 0.756, whereas the similarity in trophic niches between sexes was 0.994;(5) stomach content weight of lizards varied significantly among different seasons, but there was no significant difference in stomach content weight between sexes;(6) insect diversity differed significantly among the groups of the habitat with different degrees of lizard density, and the habitat with moderate lizards density had the highest insect diversity. We infer that P. frontalis prey mainly on insects and change their diet and food intake with season; males and females consumed similar preys in types and weights. As an important predator, P. frontalis could affect the insect community in the arid ecosystem of Hunshandak Desert on the Mongolian Plateau.
{"title":"Diet, Food Intake of Phrynocephalus frontalis (Agamidae) and Its Potential Role in Desert Habitat","authors":"Chunwang, Li, Xue, Lian, Songhua, Tang, Junhuai, Bi, Zhigang, Jiang","doi":"10.3724/sp.j.1245.2013.000248","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3724/sp.j.1245.2013.000248","url":null,"abstract":"We examined the dietary diversity and food intake of Phrynocephalus frontalis, compared the difference of insect diversity in the natural habitats with different lizard densities, and discussed the potential role of this lizard in the desert ecosystem. The results show that:(1) arthropodans of the orders Coleoptera, Hymenoptera and Hemiptera were major dietary components of P. frontalis;(2) coleoptera larvae always formed the predominant component of lizard diets;(3) dietary diversities of P. frontalis were not significantly different between summer and autumn or between the two sexes;(4) the similarity in trophic niches between seasons was 0.756, whereas the similarity in trophic niches between sexes was 0.994;(5) stomach content weight of lizards varied significantly among different seasons, but there was no significant difference in stomach content weight between sexes;(6) insect diversity differed significantly among the groups of the habitat with different degrees of lizard density, and the habitat with moderate lizards density had the highest insect diversity. We infer that P. frontalis prey mainly on insects and change their diet and food intake with season; males and females consumed similar preys in types and weights. As an important predator, P. frontalis could affect the insect community in the arid ecosystem of Hunshandak Desert on the Mongolian Plateau.","PeriodicalId":49236,"journal":{"name":"Asian Herpetological Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70019961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Odorrana margaretae(Anura: Ranidae) is widely distributed in the southern provinces of China. Previously, 72 antimicrobial peptides(AMPs) belonging to 21 families were identified from the skin of O. margaretae, which were captured in the Hunan province. In the present study, five O. margaretae frogs were captured from the Guizhou province and a total of 28 cDNAs encoding 17 host defense peptides(HDPs) belonging to 14 families were cloned from the skin cDNA library of O. margaretae. Among the 17 HDPs, only one(brevinin-1-Omar5) had been characterized. The distinct HDP expression profiles for O. margaretae in the previous and present study may be attributed to the environmental differences between the sampling locations and the genetic divergence among O. margaretae populations. Besides, 11 of the 17 HDPs identified in the present study were novel for ranids. In order to understand their roles in host defense reactions, three HDPs(odorranain-H-OM1, odorranain-M-OM and ranatuerin-2-OM), which possess low sequence similarity with the known amphibian HDPs, were selected for further chemical synthesis and functional analysis. Odorranain-H-OM1 showed direct antimicrobial activity against bacteria and fungi. Odorranain-M-OM exhibited concentration-dependent anti-oxidant activity. Ranatuerin-2-OM showed lectin-like activity and could strongly hemagglu-tinate human intact erythrocytes with or without the presence of Ca2+. The diverse activities of HDPs implied that they may play different roles in host defense reactions of O. margaretae.
{"title":"Geographically Distinct Expression Profile of Host Defense Peptides in the Skin of the Chinese Odorous Frog,Odorrana margaretae","authors":"Guiying, Ling, Li, Jiuxiang, Gao, Hai-ning, Yu, Yipeng, Wang, Jiang, Zhou","doi":"10.3724/SP.J.1245.2013.00288","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3724/SP.J.1245.2013.00288","url":null,"abstract":"Odorrana margaretae(Anura: Ranidae) is widely distributed in the southern provinces of China. Previously, 72 antimicrobial peptides(AMPs) belonging to 21 families were identified from the skin of O. margaretae, which were captured in the Hunan province. In the present study, five O. margaretae frogs were captured from the Guizhou province and a total of 28 cDNAs encoding 17 host defense peptides(HDPs) belonging to 14 families were cloned from the skin cDNA library of O. margaretae. Among the 17 HDPs, only one(brevinin-1-Omar5) had been characterized. The distinct HDP expression profiles for O. margaretae in the previous and present study may be attributed to the environmental differences between the sampling locations and the genetic divergence among O. margaretae populations. Besides, 11 of the 17 HDPs identified in the present study were novel for ranids. In order to understand their roles in host defense reactions, three HDPs(odorranain-H-OM1, odorranain-M-OM and ranatuerin-2-OM), which possess low sequence similarity with the known amphibian HDPs, were selected for further chemical synthesis and functional analysis. Odorranain-H-OM1 showed direct antimicrobial activity against bacteria and fungi. Odorranain-M-OM exhibited concentration-dependent anti-oxidant activity. Ranatuerin-2-OM showed lectin-like activity and could strongly hemagglu-tinate human intact erythrocytes with or without the presence of Ca2+. The diverse activities of HDPs implied that they may play different roles in host defense reactions of O. margaretae.","PeriodicalId":49236,"journal":{"name":"Asian Herpetological Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70021032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The digestive tract plays an important role in digestion and the acquisition of food energy. Understanding the impact of abiotic environments on digestive tract morphology is especially important for evolution of digestive tract across different environments. Here, we investigated altitudinal variation in digestive tract length in the Yunnan Pond Frog ( Pelophylax pleuraden ) across five populations ranging from 1413 m to 1935 m a.s.l. in Ningnan County, Sichuan province in western China. Frogs were collected during the breeding season, from 1–5 June 2012. Our results revealed that females had longer digestive tract and relative digestive tract ( i.e. digestive tract length / body size) lengths in com-parison to males, on average, but the differences between them decreased with increasing altitude. Digestive tract and relative digestive tract lengths increased with increasing altitude suggesting that a higher proportion of indigestible ma-terials may be consumed at high-altitude sites and result in a relative increase in digestive tract dimensions.
{"title":"Altitudinal Variation in Digestive Tract Length in Yunnan Pond Frog (Pelophylax pleuraden)","authors":"Shangling, Lou, Yanhong, Li, Long, Jin, Zhiping, Wenchao, Liu, Wenbo, Liao","doi":"10.3724/SP.J.1245.2013.00263","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3724/SP.J.1245.2013.00263","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The digestive tract plays an important role in digestion and the acquisition of food energy. Understanding the impact of abiotic environments on digestive tract morphology is especially important for evolution of digestive tract across different environments. Here, we investigated altitudinal variation in digestive tract length in the Yunnan Pond Frog ( Pelophylax pleuraden ) across five populations ranging from 1413 m to 1935 m a.s.l. in Ningnan County, Sichuan province in western China. Frogs were collected during the breeding season, from 1–5 June 2012. Our results revealed that females had longer digestive tract and relative digestive tract ( i.e. digestive tract length / body size) lengths in com-parison to males, on average, but the differences between them decreased with increasing altitude. Digestive tract and relative digestive tract lengths increased with increasing altitude suggesting that a higher proportion of indigestible ma-terials may be consumed at high-altitude sites and result in a relative increase in digestive tract dimensions.","PeriodicalId":49236,"journal":{"name":"Asian Herpetological Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70020907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-12-01DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1245.2013.00225
Zheng, Wang, Li, Ma, Min, Shao, Xiang, Ji
We incubated eggs of five Phrynocephalus species(P.albolineatus,P.axillaries,P.grumgrzimailoi,P.helioscopus and P.przewalskii)at three constant temperatures(24°C,28°C and 32°C)to examine differences in incubation length and hatchling morphology among species and among temperature treatments.We combined data from this study with those reported previously for P.frontalis and P.versicolor to examine whether embryonic stage at laying is a causal factor for interspecific variation in incubation length,and whether the phylogenetic relationship inferred from hatchling morphology is consistent with the relationship based on mitochondrial DNA data.Mean values for incubation length differed among the five species studied herein and,in all these five species,incubation length decreased at a decreasing rate as temperature increased.In none of the five species did hatchling size(snout-vent length and body mass)and other morphological variables differ among the three temperature treatments.The seven oviparous Phrynocephalus lizards found in China differ from each other in hatchling morphology,and embryonic stage at laying is a causal factor of inter-and intra-specific variation in incubation length.The phylogenetic relationship inferred from hatchling morphology is not always consistent with the currently known relationship based on mitochondrial DNA data.Data from this study and those reported previously allow the conclusion that any Phrynocephalus species may have its unique position along the axis defined by hatchling morphology.
{"title":"Differences in Incubation Length and Hatchling Morphology among Five Species of OviparousPhrynocephalus Lizards (Agamidae) from China","authors":"Zheng, Wang, Li, Ma, Min, Shao, Xiang, Ji","doi":"10.3724/SP.J.1245.2013.00225","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3724/SP.J.1245.2013.00225","url":null,"abstract":"We incubated eggs of five Phrynocephalus species(P.albolineatus,P.axillaries,P.grumgrzimailoi,P.helioscopus and P.przewalskii)at three constant temperatures(24°C,28°C and 32°C)to examine differences in incubation length and hatchling morphology among species and among temperature treatments.We combined data from this study with those reported previously for P.frontalis and P.versicolor to examine whether embryonic stage at laying is a causal factor for interspecific variation in incubation length,and whether the phylogenetic relationship inferred from hatchling morphology is consistent with the relationship based on mitochondrial DNA data.Mean values for incubation length differed among the five species studied herein and,in all these five species,incubation length decreased at a decreasing rate as temperature increased.In none of the five species did hatchling size(snout-vent length and body mass)and other morphological variables differ among the three temperature treatments.The seven oviparous Phrynocephalus lizards found in China differ from each other in hatchling morphology,and embryonic stage at laying is a causal factor of inter-and intra-specific variation in incubation length.The phylogenetic relationship inferred from hatchling morphology is not always consistent with the currently known relationship based on mitochondrial DNA data.Data from this study and those reported previously allow the conclusion that any Phrynocephalus species may have its unique position along the axis defined by hatchling morphology.","PeriodicalId":49236,"journal":{"name":"Asian Herpetological Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70020350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-12-01DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1245.2013.00233
Takaki, Kurita, Mamoru, Toda
Skeletochronology is a method commonly used for estimating the age of amphibians and reptiles in the wild.However,the number of lines of arrested growth(LAGs)does not necessarily reflect age in some species.We validated the applicability of this method to an endangered eublepharid gecko,Goniurosaurus kuroiwae,then inferred its longevity and age structures in wild populations.We classified young geckos into three groups using previously published data for early growth:Group 1 contained hatchlings before the first winter,Group 2 contained hatchlings after the first winter,and Group 3 included yearlings after the second winter.LAG numbers in these groups were then compared.All individuals in Group 1 possessed a single LAG,which was considered as a hatching line.Most individuals in Groups 2and 3 possessed one and two additional LAGs,respectively(LAG1 and LAG2),corroborating the notion that LAGs are formed annually.A few geckos exhibited fewer LAGs than expected.Analysis of variations in LAG and marrow cavity diameter demonstrated that in animals with fewer LAGs,endosteal resorption or fusion of hatching line and LAG1had occurred.LAG2 was never lost by endosteal resorption and was identifiable by its diameter.Thus,the age of adult geckos could be determined by counting LAGs outward from LAG2.Application of this method to wild populations revealed that the longevity of this species is not less than 83 months,but that almost all individuals in fragmented habitats die before 50 months,suggesting lower population sustainability in such habitats.
{"title":"Validation and Application of Skeletochronology for Age Determination of the Ryukyu Ground Gecko,Goniurosaurus kuroiwae (Squamata: Eublepharidae)","authors":"Takaki, Kurita, Mamoru, Toda","doi":"10.3724/SP.J.1245.2013.00233","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3724/SP.J.1245.2013.00233","url":null,"abstract":"Skeletochronology is a method commonly used for estimating the age of amphibians and reptiles in the wild.However,the number of lines of arrested growth(LAGs)does not necessarily reflect age in some species.We validated the applicability of this method to an endangered eublepharid gecko,Goniurosaurus kuroiwae,then inferred its longevity and age structures in wild populations.We classified young geckos into three groups using previously published data for early growth:Group 1 contained hatchlings before the first winter,Group 2 contained hatchlings after the first winter,and Group 3 included yearlings after the second winter.LAG numbers in these groups were then compared.All individuals in Group 1 possessed a single LAG,which was considered as a hatching line.Most individuals in Groups 2and 3 possessed one and two additional LAGs,respectively(LAG1 and LAG2),corroborating the notion that LAGs are formed annually.A few geckos exhibited fewer LAGs than expected.Analysis of variations in LAG and marrow cavity diameter demonstrated that in animals with fewer LAGs,endosteal resorption or fusion of hatching line and LAG1had occurred.LAG2 was never lost by endosteal resorption and was identifiable by its diameter.Thus,the age of adult geckos could be determined by counting LAGs outward from LAG2.Application of this method to wild populations revealed that the longevity of this species is not less than 83 months,but that almost all individuals in fragmented habitats die before 50 months,suggesting lower population sustainability in such habitats.","PeriodicalId":49236,"journal":{"name":"Asian Herpetological Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70020413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aimed to evaluate the phylogenetic position of the recently described Protobothrops dabieshanensis Huang et al.(2012), phylogenic relationships of 12 species within Protobothrops based on four mtDNA gene fragments(12S RNA, 16S RNA, ND4 and Cyt b) were reconstructed in our study. The result indicates a clade composed of P. dabieshanensis, P. jerdonii and P. xiangchengsis with strong support. The genetic distance among P. dabieshanensis, P. jerdonii and P. xiangchengsis was much lower than other congeners. Based on the data from the phylogenetic analysis and previously described morphological differences, we conclude that P. dabieshanensis is a valid species with close affinities to P. jerdonii and P. xiangchengsis.
为了评估新近发现的大别山原人猿(Protobothrops dab别山ensis Huang et al. 2012)的系统发育位置，本研究基于4个mtDNA基因片段(12S RNA、16S RNA、ND4和Cyt b)重构了12个原人猿物种的系统发育关系。结果表明，该支系是由大别山猿猴、杰氏猿猴和襄城猿猴组成的支系，具有较强的支系支持。大别山杨、杰氏杨和相城杨的遗传距离远低于其他同系种。基于系统发育分析数据和已有的形态差异，我们认为大别山假种是一个与jerdonii假种和xiangchengsis假种有亲缘关系的有效种。
{"title":"Systematics and Species Validity of the Dabieshan Pit Viper Protobothrops dabieshanensis Huang et al. 2012: Evidence from a Mitochondrial Gene Sequence Analysis","authors":"Baowei, Zhang, Xin, Huang, Tao, Pan, Liang, Wenliang, Zhou, Song, Demin, Han","doi":"10.3724/SP.J.1245.2013.00282","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3724/SP.J.1245.2013.00282","url":null,"abstract":"Aimed to evaluate the phylogenetic position of the recently described Protobothrops dabieshanensis Huang et al.(2012), phylogenic relationships of 12 species within Protobothrops based on four mtDNA gene fragments(12S RNA, 16S RNA, ND4 and Cyt b) were reconstructed in our study. The result indicates a clade composed of P. dabieshanensis, P. jerdonii and P. xiangchengsis with strong support. The genetic distance among P. dabieshanensis, P. jerdonii and P. xiangchengsis was much lower than other congeners. Based on the data from the phylogenetic analysis and previously described morphological differences, we conclude that P. dabieshanensis is a valid species with close affinities to P. jerdonii and P. xiangchengsis.","PeriodicalId":49236,"journal":{"name":"Asian Herpetological Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70020967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-12-01DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1245.2013.00242
Wei Zhao, Nf Liu
Sexual size dimorphism (SSD) is a general phenomenon in lizards, and can evolve through sexual selection or natural selection. But natural selection, which was thought to operate mainly through reducing the competition between the two sexes (niche divergence hypothesis), gave rise to a lot of controversy. We tested the niche divergence hypothesis in the toad-headed lizard Phrynocephalus przewalskii by comparing diet composition and prey sizes between males and females. The species was found to be sexual dimorphic, with males having relatively larger snout-vent length, head width, head length, and tail length, while females have relatively larger abdomen length. Based on analysis of 93 studied stomachs, a total of 1359 prey items were identified. The most common prey items were formicid, lygaeid and tenebrionid. The two sexes did not differ in the relative proportions of prey size categories they consumed and the dietary overlap based on prey species was high (O = 0.989). In addition, the meal size, the volume or any maximal dimension of the largest prey item in the stomach was not explained by the sexes. According to our results, food niche divergence might not play an important role in the SSD evolution of P przewalskii.
{"title":"Sexual Dimorphism of Head Size in Phrynocephalus przewalskii: Testing the Food Niche Divergence Hypothesis","authors":"Wei Zhao, Nf Liu","doi":"10.3724/SP.J.1245.2013.00242","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3724/SP.J.1245.2013.00242","url":null,"abstract":"Sexual size dimorphism (SSD) is a general phenomenon in lizards, and can evolve through sexual selection or natural selection. But natural selection, which was thought to operate mainly through reducing the competition between the two sexes (niche divergence hypothesis), gave rise to a lot of controversy. We tested the niche divergence hypothesis in the toad-headed lizard Phrynocephalus przewalskii by comparing diet composition and prey sizes between males and females. The species was found to be sexual dimorphic, with males having relatively larger snout-vent length, head width, head length, and tail length, while females have relatively larger abdomen length. Based on analysis of 93 studied stomachs, a total of 1359 prey items were identified. The most common prey items were formicid, lygaeid and tenebrionid. The two sexes did not differ in the relative proportions of prey size categories they consumed and the dietary overlap based on prey species was high (O = 0.989). In addition, the meal size, the volume or any maximal dimension of the largest prey item in the stomach was not explained by the sexes. According to our results, food niche divergence might not play an important role in the SSD evolution of P przewalskii.","PeriodicalId":49236,"journal":{"name":"Asian Herpetological Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70020463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-09-01DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1245.2013.00202
J. Zhang, J. Wang, J. Jiang
In order to analyze population genetic structure at multiple spatial scales, microsatellite loci were developed for the ornamented pygmy frog (Microhyla fisszpes), and 15 polymorphic microsatellite loci were successfully screened from 105 individuals, of which 82 from four populations distributed in the Sichuan Basin and 23 from the Sangzhi population in western Hunan. Five loci were found to deviate significantly from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in one to three populations, probably due to small sample size or null alleles. The average number of alleles in all loci was 8.5, ranging from 4 to 13, and the observed and expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.26 to 0.90 and 0.63 to 0.90, respectively. The Sangzhi population and the remaining four populations can be clearly separated using Bayesian clustering methods, showing that the genetic structure of M fissipes was probably affected by the topography, especially mountain barriers. These polymorphic microsatellite loci could be used for further study on the landscape genetics of this highly adaptive and widely distributed species.
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