Pub Date : 2023-10-29DOI: 10.15407/economyukr.2023.10.003
Iryna PIDORYCHEVA
The understanding of the nature of communities has been deepened, and various criteria to define them have been used to this end, in particular geographic, professional, social-problem, environmental-problem, cultural-ethnic. It is determined that one of the types of communities are innovation communities - groups of people who direct their activities to obtain innovative results in a common environment, who are able to influence the solution of significant socio-economic and environmental problems of society. Based on systematization of the scientific and theoretical basis for identifying the phenomenon of innovation communities, their essential characteristics and advantages for the development of territorial communities are determined. Innovation communities are sources of progressive social transformations, as they are aimed at resilient and sustainable development of territories. The role and capabilities of innovation communities in revitalizing war-affected Ukrainian territories on the build back better principle are substantiated. The essence of this principle is revealed, which consists in the recovery rehabilitation and reconstruction of various societal spheres after disasters and calamities, not simply to the previous (in the case of Ukraine – pre-war) state, but with the introduction of qualitatively new changes and improvements. The conformity of the implementation of this principle with the national interests of Ukraine is emphasized. The need to ensure the evolution of territorial communities and their population from a mostly passive observer and consumer to an active participant in the revitalization of settlements on the principles of resilience and sustainability has been determined. This requires the introduction of openness in public administration and partnership relations of local authorities with the local population, development of public awareness and activity, encouragement of entrepreneurship, social and environmental local initiatives, dissemination of successful innovative practices and a sustainable lifestyle.
{"title":"INNOVATION COMMUNITIES AND THEIR CAPABILITIES IN REVITALIZING WAR-AFFECTED UKRAINIAN TERRITORIES ON THE PRINCIPLES OF RESILIENCE AND SUSTAINABILITY","authors":"Iryna PIDORYCHEVA","doi":"10.15407/economyukr.2023.10.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/economyukr.2023.10.003","url":null,"abstract":"The understanding of the nature of communities has been deepened, and various criteria to define them have been used to this end, in particular geographic, professional, social-problem, environmental-problem, cultural-ethnic. It is determined that one of the types of communities are innovation communities - groups of people who direct their activities to obtain innovative results in a common environment, who are able to influence the solution of significant socio-economic and environmental problems of society. Based on systematization of the scientific and theoretical basis for identifying the phenomenon of innovation communities, their essential characteristics and advantages for the development of territorial communities are determined. Innovation communities are sources of progressive social transformations, as they are aimed at resilient and sustainable development of territories. The role and capabilities of innovation communities in revitalizing war-affected Ukrainian territories on the build back better principle are substantiated. The essence of this principle is revealed, which consists in the recovery rehabilitation and reconstruction of various societal spheres after disasters and calamities, not simply to the previous (in the case of Ukraine – pre-war) state, but with the introduction of qualitatively new changes and improvements. The conformity of the implementation of this principle with the national interests of Ukraine is emphasized. The need to ensure the evolution of territorial communities and their population from a mostly passive observer and consumer to an active participant in the revitalization of settlements on the principles of resilience and sustainability has been determined. This requires the introduction of openness in public administration and partnership relations of local authorities with the local population, development of public awareness and activity, encouragement of entrepreneurship, social and environmental local initiatives, dissemination of successful innovative practices and a sustainable lifestyle.","PeriodicalId":495958,"journal":{"name":"Ekonomìka Ukraïni","volume":"3 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136157573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-29DOI: 10.15407/economyukr.2023.10.058
Oleh KREKHIVSKYI
The tariff policy on imports, which was introduced in Great Britain at the beginning of the World War I and was in force for about 60 years, is considered. Based on historical facts and figures, it is substantiated on the example of the automotive industry that the so-called McKenna duties in the long term had an impact on the growth of production, employment, and budget revenues; led to a decrease in prices on the domestic market, a reduction in imports and an increase in exports, promoted foreign investments, the transfer of advanced technologies, and the wider engagement of local potential in business processes. It is demonstrated that the protective duties currently launched by the Indian government to regulate the import of goods, the production of which has been defined by the government as a priority (in particular, electric cars production is concerned), are a reflection of the measures implemented by Great Britain at the beginning of the 20th century. It is emphasized that protective tariffs for these goods in Ukraine are significantly lower. It is shown that the USA also uses import duties for national security purposes. Taking into account the provisions of the GATT/WTO and the EU–Ukraine Association Agreement, as well as modern examples of their application, it is quite obvious that Ukraine, under the current conditions of external and internal challenges and institutional restrictions, can take advantage of the protectionist policy for the development of industry in the post-war recovery period, based on its right to determine "the most important exceptions for security reasons" in order to ensure the socio-economic and financial stability of the country and the welfare of the nation. In view of this, it is necessary to rethink the current Ukraine’s policy on automobile manufacturing, in particular as regards the foreign trade regulation, and to create a new policy based on effective protectionism theory and effective protection rate calculations, assessment of the current state and prospects of enterprises, the results of a professional discussion on the priorities of the industry: whether it should remain at semi knocked-down kit stage or aim for full-cycle production with a high level of localization.
{"title":"PROTECTIONISM AS DETERMINANT OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF AUTOMOBILE MANUFACTURING IN GREAT BRITAIN","authors":"Oleh KREKHIVSKYI","doi":"10.15407/economyukr.2023.10.058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/economyukr.2023.10.058","url":null,"abstract":"The tariff policy on imports, which was introduced in Great Britain at the beginning of the World War I and was in force for about 60 years, is considered. Based on historical facts and figures, it is substantiated on the example of the automotive industry that the so-called McKenna duties in the long term had an impact on the growth of production, employment, and budget revenues; led to a decrease in prices on the domestic market, a reduction in imports and an increase in exports, promoted foreign investments, the transfer of advanced technologies, and the wider engagement of local potential in business processes. It is demonstrated that the protective duties currently launched by the Indian government to regulate the import of goods, the production of which has been defined by the government as a priority (in particular, electric cars production is concerned), are a reflection of the measures implemented by Great Britain at the beginning of the 20th century. It is emphasized that protective tariffs for these goods in Ukraine are significantly lower. It is shown that the USA also uses import duties for national security purposes. Taking into account the provisions of the GATT/WTO and the EU–Ukraine Association Agreement, as well as modern examples of their application, it is quite obvious that Ukraine, under the current conditions of external and internal challenges and institutional restrictions, can take advantage of the protectionist policy for the development of industry in the post-war recovery period, based on its right to determine \"the most important exceptions for security reasons\" in order to ensure the socio-economic and financial stability of the country and the welfare of the nation. In view of this, it is necessary to rethink the current Ukraine’s policy on automobile manufacturing, in particular as regards the foreign trade regulation, and to create a new policy based on effective protectionism theory and effective protection rate calculations, assessment of the current state and prospects of enterprises, the results of a professional discussion on the priorities of the industry: whether it should remain at semi knocked-down kit stage or aim for full-cycle production with a high level of localization.","PeriodicalId":495958,"journal":{"name":"Ekonomìka Ukraïni","volume":"68 12","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136157572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-29DOI: 10.15407/economyukr.2023.10.083
Rachid BENKHELOUF, Abdelkader SAHED
This study aims to analyse the relationship between oil prices and inflation rates in Algeria to determine the extent of inflation persistence in face to oil price shocks from January1998 to March 2023 using the recently developed Fractional Cointegration Model, which allows residuals to be fractionally integrated rather than stationary, with the classical cointegration approach based on I(0) stationarity or I(1) cointegrating relationships. This topic was chosen due to its significance for monetary policymakers, investors, financial analysts and academics in understanding the dynamics of inflation persistence in Algeria and studying the impact of some price shocks on it, such as oil price shocks. Our results also showed that Algeria has a co-integration relationship between oil prices and the inflation rate, with an estimated persistence of 0.883, which is greater than 0.5 and less than 1. This indicates that the impact of oil price shocks is still present for a long time on the inflation rate persistence in Algeria, in other words the inflation rate in Algeria will persistence for a longer period due to the shock of oil prices before eventually fading away, and with the adoption of a monetary policy targeting inflation in Algeria, it will contribute to reducing the inflation rates persistence.
{"title":"OIL PRICES SHOCKS AND INFLATION RATEERSISTENCE FOR ALGERIA: A FRACTIONAL COINTEGRATION RELATIONSHIP","authors":"Rachid BENKHELOUF, Abdelkader SAHED","doi":"10.15407/economyukr.2023.10.083","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/economyukr.2023.10.083","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to analyse the relationship between oil prices and inflation rates in Algeria to determine the extent of inflation persistence in face to oil price shocks from January1998 to March 2023 using the recently developed Fractional Cointegration Model, which allows residuals to be fractionally integrated rather than stationary, with the classical cointegration approach based on I(0) stationarity or I(1) cointegrating relationships. This topic was chosen due to its significance for monetary policymakers, investors, financial analysts and academics in understanding the dynamics of inflation persistence in Algeria and studying the impact of some price shocks on it, such as oil price shocks. Our results also showed that Algeria has a co-integration relationship between oil prices and the inflation rate, with an estimated persistence of 0.883, which is greater than 0.5 and less than 1. This indicates that the impact of oil price shocks is still present for a long time on the inflation rate persistence in Algeria, in other words the inflation rate in Algeria will persistence for a longer period due to the shock of oil prices before eventually fading away, and with the adoption of a monetary policy targeting inflation in Algeria, it will contribute to reducing the inflation rates persistence.","PeriodicalId":495958,"journal":{"name":"Ekonomìka Ukraïni","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136157576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-29DOI: 10.15407/economyukr.2023.10.023
Iryna STORONYANSKA, Ivan ZALUTSKYY
The problem of formulating the regional policy principles in Ukraine is considered in the context of current spatial development challenges, the use of territorially oriented and security approaches. The problem areas in the regulatory and legal mechanism of state regional policy have been identified, namely: the regulation of the regulatory aspects of state regional policy exclusively by law and the implementation of European instruments in the field of regional development; implementation of territorial communities’ territories into the national system of administrative and territorial organization; unification of typologies for the functional types of territories in current legal acts of the state; effective coordination and integration of various policies in the field of regional development. Proposals have been developed for a set of legislative changes in the context of forming an efficient interlinked planning system for the functional and spatial development of the state, regions, and territorial communities, which provide for: harmonizing the principles of state regional policy as a component of Ukraine's internal policy with the Guiding Principles for the Recovery Process in Ukraine (the Lugano Principles) and the Guiding Principles for Sustainable Spatial Development of the European Continent; implementation of national spatial development conception, regional spatial development conceptions, integrated development conception for territorial community’s territory as documents that determine the long-term, interdisciplinary, spatial and socio-economic priorities of the balanced development of corresponding territory and are the basis of the system of interlinked strategic planning documents and the implementation of state regional policy; implementation of an innovative smart specialization-based model of functional and spatial development of the territory; implementation of mechanism for creating spatial planning documentation via the geo-informational platform Spatial Development Planning as an integrated and site-oriented unique policy tool for functional and spatial development of the territory and transformation of the socio-economic environment taking into account the European Green Deal.
{"title":"DETERMINATION OF REGIONAL POLICY PRINCIPLES IN THE CONTEXT OF CURRENT SPATIAL DEVELOPMENT CHALLENGES IN UKRAINE","authors":"Iryna STORONYANSKA, Ivan ZALUTSKYY","doi":"10.15407/economyukr.2023.10.023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/economyukr.2023.10.023","url":null,"abstract":"The problem of formulating the regional policy principles in Ukraine is considered in the context of current spatial development challenges, the use of territorially oriented and security approaches. The problem areas in the regulatory and legal mechanism of state regional policy have been identified, namely: the regulation of the regulatory aspects of state regional policy exclusively by law and the implementation of European instruments in the field of regional development; implementation of territorial communities’ territories into the national system of administrative and territorial organization; unification of typologies for the functional types of territories in current legal acts of the state; effective coordination and integration of various policies in the field of regional development. Proposals have been developed for a set of legislative changes in the context of forming an efficient interlinked planning system for the functional and spatial development of the state, regions, and territorial communities, which provide for: harmonizing the principles of state regional policy as a component of Ukraine's internal policy with the Guiding Principles for the Recovery Process in Ukraine (the Lugano Principles) and the Guiding Principles for Sustainable Spatial Development of the European Continent; implementation of national spatial development conception, regional spatial development conceptions, integrated development conception for territorial community’s territory as documents that determine the long-term, interdisciplinary, spatial and socio-economic priorities of the balanced development of corresponding territory and are the basis of the system of interlinked strategic planning documents and the implementation of state regional policy; implementation of an innovative smart specialization-based model of functional and spatial development of the territory; implementation of mechanism for creating spatial planning documentation via the geo-informational platform Spatial Development Planning as an integrated and site-oriented unique policy tool for functional and spatial development of the territory and transformation of the socio-economic environment taking into account the European Green Deal.","PeriodicalId":495958,"journal":{"name":"Ekonomìka Ukraïni","volume":"10 11","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136157574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-29DOI: 10.15407/economyukr.2023.10.044
Nataliya FROLOVA
The international experience in reforming income taxation systems in war and post-war conditions is summarized, in particular, approaches to reforming income taxation systems in the USA, Sweden, Denmark, France and Great Britain are compared. Considered examples demonstrate that despite the low budget efficiency of wealth taxes in many countries of Europe and the world (they did not bring considerable budget revenues and at the same time required significant administrative costs), excess profits taxation has been widely practiced for a long time even after the end of the war, in particular, in the post-pandemic period and during the current energy crisis in the EU countries. Main views are systematized regarding individual wealth taxation – not so much as a threat of capital outflow and disincentive for capital investments but as an important component of the tax system, which, coupled with other income and property taxes, contributes to the restoration of wealth distribution equality and minimizes opportunities for tax evasion. Attention is focused on the application of excess profits tax by the EU countries as a temporary European solidarity contribution in response to the global socio-economic crisis caused by the negative consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic and the increase in energy prices due to the military aggression of the Russian Federation. The key requirements that individual wealth tax must meet to be introduced in Ukraine are substantiated. They include establishing a tax exemption threshold at a high level, as well as extending it not only to the residents of Ukraine, but also to the citizens of other countries who own assets on its territory, in order to increase the tax’s progressivity and budgetary efficiency.
{"title":"INTERNATIONAL EXPERIENCE IN REFORMING THE INCOME TAXATION SYSTEM IN POST-PANDEMIC AND WAR PERIODS","authors":"Nataliya FROLOVA","doi":"10.15407/economyukr.2023.10.044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/economyukr.2023.10.044","url":null,"abstract":"The international experience in reforming income taxation systems in war and post-war conditions is summarized, in particular, approaches to reforming income taxation systems in the USA, Sweden, Denmark, France and Great Britain are compared. Considered examples demonstrate that despite the low budget efficiency of wealth taxes in many countries of Europe and the world (they did not bring considerable budget revenues and at the same time required significant administrative costs), excess profits taxation has been widely practiced for a long time even after the end of the war, in particular, in the post-pandemic period and during the current energy crisis in the EU countries. Main views are systematized regarding individual wealth taxation – not so much as a threat of capital outflow and disincentive for capital investments but as an important component of the tax system, which, coupled with other income and property taxes, contributes to the restoration of wealth distribution equality and minimizes opportunities for tax evasion. Attention is focused on the application of excess profits tax by the EU countries as a temporary European solidarity contribution in response to the global socio-economic crisis caused by the negative consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic and the increase in energy prices due to the military aggression of the Russian Federation. The key requirements that individual wealth tax must meet to be introduced in Ukraine are substantiated. They include establishing a tax exemption threshold at a high level, as well as extending it not only to the residents of Ukraine, but also to the citizens of other countries who own assets on its territory, in order to increase the tax’s progressivity and budgetary efficiency.","PeriodicalId":495958,"journal":{"name":"Ekonomìka Ukraïni","volume":"38 8","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136157575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-27DOI: 10.15407/economyukr.2023.09.030
Hanna OLEKSYUK, Nazariy POPADYNETS
The general approaches to the activities of coal-mining enterprises, which for a long time generated the main economic potential of certain territories, provided employment for residents and formed coal regions, are studied. It is determined that the restructuring of the coal industry via the mine closure program was not successful enough, which requires a departure from purely sectoral principle and transition to the transformation of coal-mining regions at the territorial, regional, and national levels. An analysis of the problems and advantages of the economic, social, environmental, and technical impact that occur in coal regions during the operation and after the closure of mines has been carried out, indicating the need for their balancing, which determines the directions and possibilities of just transformation in territorial communities. Currently, the priorities and approaches to the formation of Ukraine’s energy policy are changing, which is determined by the reduction of fossil fuel use and the expansion of green energy opportunities. The marketing approach to positioning the problems of the territory in relation to different target groups within territorial communities (population, business, visitors, investors) that has been substantiated will ensure more efficient and purposeful spending of funds for the implementation of just transformation projects in local development. A mechanism of holistic systemic approach to research, analysis, evaluation and tools for solving the problems of coal regions with the application of the principle of priority in each territorial community is proposed. The characteristics of just transformation project for coal regions, the creation of the Just Transformation Fund, as well as the strategic approach to reforming Ukraine’s energy industry as one of the foundations of state regional policy, which is implemented in territorial communities, are studied.
{"title":"FROM THE RESTRUCTURING OF COAL INDUSTRY TO THE JUST TRANSFORMATION OF COAL REGIONS: EXPERIENCE AND PROSPECTS","authors":"Hanna OLEKSYUK, Nazariy POPADYNETS","doi":"10.15407/economyukr.2023.09.030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/economyukr.2023.09.030","url":null,"abstract":"The general approaches to the activities of coal-mining enterprises, which for a long time generated the main economic potential of certain territories, provided employment for residents and formed coal regions, are studied. It is determined that the restructuring of the coal industry via the mine closure program was not successful enough, which requires a departure from purely sectoral principle and transition to the transformation of coal-mining regions at the territorial, regional, and national levels. An analysis of the problems and advantages of the economic, social, environmental, and technical impact that occur in coal regions during the operation and after the closure of mines has been carried out, indicating the need for their balancing, which determines the directions and possibilities of just transformation in territorial communities. Currently, the priorities and approaches to the formation of Ukraine’s energy policy are changing, which is determined by the reduction of fossil fuel use and the expansion of green energy opportunities. The marketing approach to positioning the problems of the territory in relation to different target groups within territorial communities (population, business, visitors, investors) that has been substantiated will ensure more efficient and purposeful spending of funds for the implementation of just transformation projects in local development. A mechanism of holistic systemic approach to research, analysis, evaluation and tools for solving the problems of coal regions with the application of the principle of priority in each territorial community is proposed. The characteristics of just transformation project for coal regions, the creation of the Just Transformation Fund, as well as the strategic approach to reforming Ukraine’s energy industry as one of the foundations of state regional policy, which is implemented in territorial communities, are studied.","PeriodicalId":495958,"journal":{"name":"Ekonomìka Ukraïni","volume":"72 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135536004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-27DOI: 10.15407/economyukr.2023.09.003
Valeriy HEYETS
This article is a logical continuation of the previous publication, which discussed the formation of strategically important industrial activity types in Ukraine in retrospect over the past 30 years. Based on the analysis of the development of domestic industry, problematic issues were identified, whose degree of accumulation in retrospect is important for predictive assessments and tasks for the future, taking into account the losses and threats that occurred and are occurring in 2022-2023, under war conditions. The so-called "homework tasks" of Ukraine's economic policy are analyzed. It is noted that they are primarily related to the already signed Ukraine–IMF memorandum and are supplemented with tasks aimed at the formation of internal financial resources for post-war recovery, which is an important component of achieving economic self-sufficiency and strategic significance of Ukraine’s economy. The direction of the transformation of Ukraine's economic management system in the post-war period is outlined in view of its EU accession prospects; guidelines have been developed to strengthen the energy sector of Ukraine in accordance with the directions of development of nuclear energy as one of the types of industrial activities which in the future can operate on a high-tech basis defined in the world as that which is consistent with low-carbon economic development strategy in the global dimension. The substantiation is conducted and its results are presented for certain types of industrial activity which have a high degree of scientific support and can develop on the novel technological basis of national property. Their development will be facilitated by the integration of Ukrainian industry into global technological chains. The latter requires the development of nuclear energy, the titanium-lithium and aluminum industry, heavy power engineering, ferrous metallurgy based on new technologies, the breeding of new high-yielding, drought- and pest-resistant varieties of agricultural plants, and the deep processing of agricultural products for food production.
{"title":"FORMATION OF THE PROFILE OF STRATEGICALLY IMPORTANT INDUSTRIAL ACTIVITY TYPES IN UKRAINE (AN OUTLOOK)","authors":"Valeriy HEYETS","doi":"10.15407/economyukr.2023.09.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/economyukr.2023.09.003","url":null,"abstract":"This article is a logical continuation of the previous publication, which discussed the formation of strategically important industrial activity types in Ukraine in retrospect over the past 30 years. Based on the analysis of the development of domestic industry, problematic issues were identified, whose degree of accumulation in retrospect is important for predictive assessments and tasks for the future, taking into account the losses and threats that occurred and are occurring in 2022-2023, under war conditions. The so-called \"homework tasks\" of Ukraine's economic policy are analyzed. It is noted that they are primarily related to the already signed Ukraine–IMF memorandum and are supplemented with tasks aimed at the formation of internal financial resources for post-war recovery, which is an important component of achieving economic self-sufficiency and strategic significance of Ukraine’s economy. The direction of the transformation of Ukraine's economic management system in the post-war period is outlined in view of its EU accession prospects; guidelines have been developed to strengthen the energy sector of Ukraine in accordance with the directions of development of nuclear energy as one of the types of industrial activities which in the future can operate on a high-tech basis defined in the world as that which is consistent with low-carbon economic development strategy in the global dimension. The substantiation is conducted and its results are presented for certain types of industrial activity which have a high degree of scientific support and can develop on the novel technological basis of national property. Their development will be facilitated by the integration of Ukrainian industry into global technological chains. The latter requires the development of nuclear energy, the titanium-lithium and aluminum industry, heavy power engineering, ferrous metallurgy based on new technologies, the breeding of new high-yielding, drought- and pest-resistant varieties of agricultural plants, and the deep processing of agricultural products for food production.","PeriodicalId":495958,"journal":{"name":"Ekonomìka Ukraïni","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135536014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-27DOI: 10.15407/economyukr.2023.09.070
Yuliia VOLKOVSKA, Ion DUBOVICH
Global problems associated with the reduction of forest biodiversity, which lead to the destruction and depletion of natural forest resources, are considered. It is proven that the degradation and loss of forest ecosystems will inevitably lead to a negative impact on the quality of life and health of the population. The main gaps in economic and legal regulation, which impede sustainable forest management in Ukraine in a changing climate, are identified. It is emphasized that the main reason for their occurrence in forest sector is the imperfection of management system and sustainable development strategy in forestry. Forest cover indicators in Ukraine are considered in accordance with the national environmental policy. It is substantiated that today Ukraine experiences a forest shortage and, accordingly, the inability to ensure ecological balance and meet needs for wood. Due to the ongoing Russian Federation's war against Ukraine, it is impossible to ensure sustainable forest management in the territory temporarily occupied by Russian troops, as well as in regions with an increased risk of danger, which are subjected to constant shelling. It is confirmed that the problems of impoverishment and destruction of forest ecosystems affect the quality of life, health and well-being of the population, therefore, they occupy a special place among modern economic and legal issues. In the context of European integration, Ukraine must ensure sustainable forest management in accordance with the European Union principles and standards. Recommendations are made to ensure an integrated economic and legal approach to the protection, preservation and restoration of forest biodiversity, as well as sustainable forest management in Ukraine.
{"title":"FEATURES OF ECONOMIC AND LEGAL REGULATION OF SUSTAINABLE FOREST MANAGEMENT IN UKRAINE IN A CHANGING CLIMATE","authors":"Yuliia VOLKOVSKA, Ion DUBOVICH","doi":"10.15407/economyukr.2023.09.070","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/economyukr.2023.09.070","url":null,"abstract":"Global problems associated with the reduction of forest biodiversity, which lead to the destruction and depletion of natural forest resources, are considered. It is proven that the degradation and loss of forest ecosystems will inevitably lead to a negative impact on the quality of life and health of the population. The main gaps in economic and legal regulation, which impede sustainable forest management in Ukraine in a changing climate, are identified. It is emphasized that the main reason for their occurrence in forest sector is the imperfection of management system and sustainable development strategy in forestry. Forest cover indicators in Ukraine are considered in accordance with the national environmental policy. It is substantiated that today Ukraine experiences a forest shortage and, accordingly, the inability to ensure ecological balance and meet needs for wood. Due to the ongoing Russian Federation's war against Ukraine, it is impossible to ensure sustainable forest management in the territory temporarily occupied by Russian troops, as well as in regions with an increased risk of danger, which are subjected to constant shelling. It is confirmed that the problems of impoverishment and destruction of forest ecosystems affect the quality of life, health and well-being of the population, therefore, they occupy a special place among modern economic and legal issues. In the context of European integration, Ukraine must ensure sustainable forest management in accordance with the European Union principles and standards. Recommendations are made to ensure an integrated economic and legal approach to the protection, preservation and restoration of forest biodiversity, as well as sustainable forest management in Ukraine.","PeriodicalId":495958,"journal":{"name":"Ekonomìka Ukraïni","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135535489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-27DOI: 10.15407/economyukr.2023.09.084
Tetiana PEREHUDOVA
The institution of conditional social transfers, the institutionalization of which will contribute to increasing the efficiency of Ukraine's social policy and improving the quality of human capital, is considered. The importance of their application in Ukraine’s social policy is substantiated. The positive and debatable aspects of this tool within the scope of social protection of the population,. Proposals are drawn up regarding the development of the inclusive function of social protection: which will contribute to: increasing the opportunities for socialization in various spheres of life, promoting the accumulation of human capital and increasing social mobility through the development of the institution of conditional social transfers, , namely cash assistance, which is provided as a means to combat poverty, equalize incomes and increase the households’ social inclusion degree with mandatory conditions for its use. The conditions of aid spending, which should be implemented in social protection in Ukraine to strengthen the inclusive function, are defined, including education, culture, sports, investment in the human capital of children, influence on diet composition, medical care, purchase of medicines, stimulation of domestically produced goods and services consumption, participation in active employment programs, socially beneficial activities. It is proposed to implement such a requirement for receiving social assistance by able to work members of society, as participation in employment programs of state employment agencies. It is determined that the institutionalization of social protection of working age population should take place in the direction of increasing the sensitivity of the connection between social contributions, access to social benefits and social protection, since in this case an individual will feel like a member of society, counting on protection from the state and being interested in working under the conditions of formal employment.
{"title":"INSTITUTION OF CONDITIONAL SOCIAL TRANSFERS: IN PURSUIT OF INCREASING THE EFFICIENCY OF SOCIAL PROTECTION IN UKRAINE","authors":"Tetiana PEREHUDOVA","doi":"10.15407/economyukr.2023.09.084","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/economyukr.2023.09.084","url":null,"abstract":"The institution of conditional social transfers, the institutionalization of which will contribute to increasing the efficiency of Ukraine's social policy and improving the quality of human capital, is considered. The importance of their application in Ukraine’s social policy is substantiated. The positive and debatable aspects of this tool within the scope of social protection of the population,. Proposals are drawn up regarding the development of the inclusive function of social protection: which will contribute to: increasing the opportunities for socialization in various spheres of life, promoting the accumulation of human capital and increasing social mobility through the development of the institution of conditional social transfers, , namely cash assistance, which is provided as a means to combat poverty, equalize incomes and increase the households’ social inclusion degree with mandatory conditions for its use. The conditions of aid spending, which should be implemented in social protection in Ukraine to strengthen the inclusive function, are defined, including education, culture, sports, investment in the human capital of children, influence on diet composition, medical care, purchase of medicines, stimulation of domestically produced goods and services consumption, participation in active employment programs, socially beneficial activities. It is proposed to implement such a requirement for receiving social assistance by able to work members of society, as participation in employment programs of state employment agencies. It is determined that the institutionalization of social protection of working age population should take place in the direction of increasing the sensitivity of the connection between social contributions, access to social benefits and social protection, since in this case an individual will feel like a member of society, counting on protection from the state and being interested in working under the conditions of formal employment.","PeriodicalId":495958,"journal":{"name":"Ekonomìka Ukraïni","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135535717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-27DOI: 10.15407/economyukr.2023.09.055
Pavlo KERIMOV
The influence of institutional development on economic phenomena within the country, in particular on market entry strategies and functioning of enterprises, are studied. It is established that as the institutional environment develops, the focus of their activity shifts from attempts to use distortions in the institutional environment to their advantage (optimization of taxation and obtaining monopoly profits) to more competitive behavior (technical and marketing innovations). Zombie enterprises are considered as an example of the enterprise functioning strategy based on the use of distortions in the institutional environment to one's advantage (a high level of concentration and oligopolization of the economy along with the government policy of lending promotion). The negative impact a high concentration of zombie enterprises has on the country's economy is shown, the existing approaches to their definition and approximately normal prevalence are considered. The Ukrainian variety of zombie enterprises - enterprises with quasi-risk and fraudulent financing models - is studied. The distortions in Ukraine’s institutional environment, which made possible the functioning of enterprises with quasi-risk and fraudulent financing models, are characterized. In particular, those are the unpredictability and high cost of legal proceedings, which make the initiation of bankruptcy process from the position of a small creditor almost impossible; a significant gap in the protection of the rights between large and small business entities; the inherited common production cycle for a significant number of industrial enterprises and their inability to go beyond it in search of both sales markets and counterparties. The characteristics of enterprises with quasi-risk and fraudulent financing models are given (stable negative equity while maintaining profitable operating activities, the presence of payables that are overdue for 60 days or more). The approximate level of prevalence of these financing models, which is characterized by the growth of the aggregate sectoral share of uncovered liabilities, is outlined.
{"title":"WARPED FINANCING MODELS AS ADJUSTMENTS TO THE DISTORTED INSTITUTIONAL ENVIRONMENT","authors":"Pavlo KERIMOV","doi":"10.15407/economyukr.2023.09.055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/economyukr.2023.09.055","url":null,"abstract":"The influence of institutional development on economic phenomena within the country, in particular on market entry strategies and functioning of enterprises, are studied. It is established that as the institutional environment develops, the focus of their activity shifts from attempts to use distortions in the institutional environment to their advantage (optimization of taxation and obtaining monopoly profits) to more competitive behavior (technical and marketing innovations). Zombie enterprises are considered as an example of the enterprise functioning strategy based on the use of distortions in the institutional environment to one's advantage (a high level of concentration and oligopolization of the economy along with the government policy of lending promotion). The negative impact a high concentration of zombie enterprises has on the country's economy is shown, the existing approaches to their definition and approximately normal prevalence are considered. The Ukrainian variety of zombie enterprises - enterprises with quasi-risk and fraudulent financing models - is studied. The distortions in Ukraine’s institutional environment, which made possible the functioning of enterprises with quasi-risk and fraudulent financing models, are characterized. In particular, those are the unpredictability and high cost of legal proceedings, which make the initiation of bankruptcy process from the position of a small creditor almost impossible; a significant gap in the protection of the rights between large and small business entities; the inherited common production cycle for a significant number of industrial enterprises and their inability to go beyond it in search of both sales markets and counterparties. The characteristics of enterprises with quasi-risk and fraudulent financing models are given (stable negative equity while maintaining profitable operating activities, the presence of payables that are overdue for 60 days or more). The approximate level of prevalence of these financing models, which is characterized by the growth of the aggregate sectoral share of uncovered liabilities, is outlined.","PeriodicalId":495958,"journal":{"name":"Ekonomìka Ukraïni","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135535484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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