Pub Date : 2024-07-30DOI: 10.56355/ijfrpbs.2024.3.2.0012
Balasankari Palghat Krishnan, Mohd. Abul Kalam Azad, Baraneedharan Varadharaj, Anto Joseph Deeyoko
The livestock sector in Bangladesh is the backbone of the rural economies in the country as 70% of the farmers depend on it for their livelihoods. It shares around 1.9% of the total gross domestic product (GDP) growing at 3.1%. The livestock population in the country increased from 349 million in 2012-13 to 432 million in 2021-22, i.e., around 24% increase. However, the livestock sector continues to face severe risks due to extreme climatic events such as floods, droughts, tropical cyclones, saltwater intrusion, and sea level rise. To address these risks, the Government of Bangladesh (GoB) along with international institutions, is planning to invest in various initiatives. Since no direct studies were conducted on impact of climate change on livestock health and associated diseases in Bangladesh, a review to explore the linkage between climate change and livestock health is investigated in this article. A few suggestions to combat the impact on the livestock sector are also discussed from the country’s perspective. In addition, waste sources from the dairy value chains affecting the environment are identified and listed. Effective waste management strategies for various venues are also discussed in detail. Significant interventions are envisaged to facilitate promoting livestock-related enterprises, smallholder farmers and other stakeholders to progress towards a climate-smart livestock sector.
{"title":"Climate change risks and way-forward for Bangladesh livestock sector","authors":"Balasankari Palghat Krishnan, Mohd. Abul Kalam Azad, Baraneedharan Varadharaj, Anto Joseph Deeyoko","doi":"10.56355/ijfrpbs.2024.3.2.0012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56355/ijfrpbs.2024.3.2.0012","url":null,"abstract":"The livestock sector in Bangladesh is the backbone of the rural economies in the country as 70% of the farmers depend on it for their livelihoods. It shares around 1.9% of the total gross domestic product (GDP) growing at 3.1%. The livestock population in the country increased from 349 million in 2012-13 to 432 million in 2021-22, i.e., around 24% increase. However, the livestock sector continues to face severe risks due to extreme climatic events such as floods, droughts, tropical cyclones, saltwater intrusion, and sea level rise. To address these risks, the Government of Bangladesh (GoB) along with international institutions, is planning to invest in various initiatives. Since no direct studies were conducted on impact of climate change on livestock health and associated diseases in Bangladesh, a review to explore the linkage between climate change and livestock health is investigated in this article. A few suggestions to combat the impact on the livestock sector are also discussed from the country’s perspective. In addition, waste sources from the dairy value chains affecting the environment are identified and listed. Effective waste management strategies for various venues are also discussed in detail. Significant interventions are envisaged to facilitate promoting livestock-related enterprises, smallholder farmers and other stakeholders to progress towards a climate-smart livestock sector.","PeriodicalId":499210,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Frontline Research in Pharma and Bio Sciences","volume":"2 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141795624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) is a common bacterial and fungal infection affecting millions of people globally. The aim of this study was to investigate the distribution and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of bacteria and fungi from patients with UTI. Urine samples were collected aseptically from patients with symptoms of UTI in sterile universal containers from five hospitals in a period of three months. A total of 200 urine samples from 75 males and 125 females were analyzed and subjected to culture, biochemical identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing using the Kirby-Bauer technique. Fungal isolates were identified based on cultural characteristics, lactophenol cotton blue stain, chlamydospore formation, and colony colour on CHROM agar Candida medium. Most samples were positive for one microorganism each and a few had two isolates, thus giving a frequency of 210 microbial isolates. The most commonly isolated bacteria were Escherichia coli, 71(34%), followed by Staphylococcus aureus, 63(30%), Enterobacter spp., 32(15.2%), Klebsiella spp., 17(8.1%), Proteus mirabillis, 15(7.1%) and Candida albicans 12(5.7%), being the only fungus isolated. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing showed that Escherichia coli showed 57.7% susceptibility to streptomycin. Klebsiella spp. were 70.5% susceptible to septrin, but with susceptibility as low as 47.1% to chloramphenicol. Enterobacter spp. showed 71.9% susceptibility to septrin, 68.8% to gentamycin, 59.4% to streptomycin and chloramphenicol, 53.1%. Proteus spp showed 53.5%, and 66.7% to pefloxacin, septrin and streptomycin respectively. Staphylococcus aureus showed susceptibility of 56(88.9%), 55(87.3%), and 47 (74.6%) to gentamicin, ciprofloxacin. and pefloxacin respectively. Candida albicans was highly susceptible to nystatin, fluconazole and miconazole by 7(58.3%) but was highly resistant to ketoconazole, 41.7%. The findings of this study provide valuable information on the distribution of bacterial and fungal agents that are common etiology of UTIs, and likely antimicrobial drugs for the treatment of UTIs.
{"title":"Occurrence and antimicrobial resistance patterns of bacterial and fungal pathogens from patients with urinary tract infections in Ojo, Lagos Nigeria","authors":"Dauphin Dighitoghi Moro, Zenas Chisom Agubata, Olusola Abayomi Ojo-Omoniyi, Agnes Iyabode Akinde, Hammed Kolawole Shittu, Damilola Esther Sodunke, Miriam Oluchi Ukhureigbe, Lateefat Abiodun Ligali, Agnes Ijeoma Ike","doi":"10.56355/ijfrpbs.2024.3.1.0027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56355/ijfrpbs.2024.3.1.0027","url":null,"abstract":"Urinary tract infections (UTIs) is a common bacterial and fungal infection affecting millions of people globally. The aim of this study was to investigate the distribution and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of bacteria and fungi from patients with UTI. Urine samples were collected aseptically from patients with symptoms of UTI in sterile universal containers from five hospitals in a period of three months. A total of 200 urine samples from 75 males and 125 females were analyzed and subjected to culture, biochemical identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing using the Kirby-Bauer technique. Fungal isolates were identified based on cultural characteristics, lactophenol cotton blue stain, chlamydospore formation, and colony colour on CHROM agar Candida medium. Most samples were positive for one microorganism each and a few had two isolates, thus giving a frequency of 210 microbial isolates. The most commonly isolated bacteria were Escherichia coli, 71(34%), followed by Staphylococcus aureus, 63(30%), Enterobacter spp., 32(15.2%), Klebsiella spp., 17(8.1%), Proteus mirabillis, 15(7.1%) and Candida albicans 12(5.7%), being the only fungus isolated. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing showed that Escherichia coli showed 57.7% susceptibility to streptomycin. Klebsiella spp. were 70.5% susceptible to septrin, but with susceptibility as low as 47.1% to chloramphenicol. Enterobacter spp. showed 71.9% susceptibility to septrin, 68.8% to gentamycin, 59.4% to streptomycin and chloramphenicol, 53.1%. Proteus spp showed 53.5%, and 66.7% to pefloxacin, septrin and streptomycin respectively. Staphylococcus aureus showed susceptibility of 56(88.9%), 55(87.3%), and 47 (74.6%) to gentamicin, ciprofloxacin. and pefloxacin respectively. Candida albicans was highly susceptible to nystatin, fluconazole and miconazole by 7(58.3%) but was highly resistant to ketoconazole, 41.7%. The findings of this study provide valuable information on the distribution of bacterial and fungal agents that are common etiology of UTIs, and likely antimicrobial drugs for the treatment of UTIs.","PeriodicalId":499210,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Frontline Research in Pharma and Bio Sciences","volume":"58 16","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140363752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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