The use of augmented reality (AR) for assisted assembly of small parts remains a current and dynamically developing issue in industry and the technology sector. Because AR technologies and related applications are constantly advancing, it is necessary to pay sufficient attention to this topic. This article provides a simplified view of software application design and architecture. We are focusing on a 45mm x 45mm x 42mm component consisting of 42 parts. In the article, we gradually show how to properly create an application with a main, and working environment in which we can create animations from a database of 3D models. In the end, we performed a product assembly test with and without the use of the AR application, for one piece and a production batch. In conclusion, we can state that the applications have an impact on the training of the workforce and the ways through which new workers are prepared to work in an industrial environment. Improved education and training programs based on AR can help integrate new workers into production processes faster and more efficiently. Considering these perspectives and the dynamics of the AR technologies development, our article raises awareness of current trends and innovations in this field, as it can have a significant impact on the efficiency and competitiveness of various industries.
在工业和技术领域，使用增强现实(AR)辅助小部件组装仍然是当前和动态发展的问题。由于AR技术及相关应用在不断发展，因此有必要对这一话题给予足够的重视。本文提供了软件应用程序设计和体系结构的简化视图。我们专注于45mm x 45mm x 42mm的组件，由42个零件组成。在本文中，我们将逐步展示如何正确地创建一个应用程序，并使用一个主要的工作环境，在这个环境中，我们可以从3D模型数据库中创建动画。最后，我们对一个零件和一个生产批次进行了产品装配测试，测试中使用了AR应用程序，而不使用AR应用程序。总之，我们可以说，应用程序对劳动力的培训和新工人准备在工业环境中工作的方式产生了影响。基于增强现实的改进教育和培训计划可以帮助新工人更快、更有效地融入生产流程。考虑到这些观点和AR技术发展的动态，我们的文章提高了对该领域当前趋势和创新的认识，因为它可以对各个行业的效率和竞争力产生重大影响。
{"title":"Use of augmented reality for small parts assisted assembly","authors":"Jozef Husár, Stella Hrehova, Lucia Knapčíková","doi":"10.7862/tiam.2023.3.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7862/tiam.2023.3.4","url":null,"abstract":"The use of augmented reality (AR) for assisted assembly of small parts remains a current and dynamically developing issue in industry and the technology sector. Because AR technologies and related applications are constantly advancing, it is necessary to pay sufficient attention to this topic. This article provides a simplified view of software application design and architecture. We are focusing on a 45mm x 45mm x 42mm component consisting of 42 parts. In the article, we gradually show how to properly create an application with a main, and working environment in which we can create animations from a database of 3D models. In the end, we performed a product assembly test with and without the use of the AR application, for one piece and a production batch. In conclusion, we can state that the applications have an impact on the training of the workforce and the ways through which new workers are prepared to work in an industrial environment. Improved education and training programs based on AR can help integrate new workers into production processes faster and more efficiently. Considering these perspectives and the dynamics of the AR technologies development, our article raises awareness of current trends and innovations in this field, as it can have a significant impact on the efficiency and competitiveness of various industries.","PeriodicalId":499284,"journal":{"name":"Technologia i Automatyzacja Montażu","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135954679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article presents the problem of forecasting the length of machine assembly cycles in make-to-order production (Make-to-Order). The model of Make-to-Order production and the technological process of manufacturing the finished product are presented. The possibility of developing a novel method, using artificial intelligence solutions, to estimate machine assembly times based on historical company data on manufacturing times for structurally similar components, is described. It is assumed that the result of the developed method will be an intelligent system supporting efficient and accurate estimation of machine assembly time, ready for implementation in production conditions. Such data as part availability, human resource availability and novelty factor will be used as input data for learning the neural network, while the output variable during learning the neural network will be the actual machine assembly time.
{"title":"Problems of forecasting the length of the assembly cycle of complex products realized in the MTO (make-to-order) model","authors":"Jolanta Brzozowska, Arkadiusz Gola, Monika Kulisz","doi":"10.7862/tiam.2023.3.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7862/tiam.2023.3.2","url":null,"abstract":"This article presents the problem of forecasting the length of machine assembly cycles in make-to-order production (Make-to-Order). The model of Make-to-Order production and the technological process of manufacturing the finished product are presented. The possibility of developing a novel method, using artificial intelligence solutions, to estimate machine assembly times based on historical company data on manufacturing times for structurally similar components, is described. It is assumed that the result of the developed method will be an intelligent system supporting efficient and accurate estimation of machine assembly time, ready for implementation in production conditions. Such data as part availability, human resource availability and novelty factor will be used as input data for learning the neural network, while the output variable during learning the neural network will be the actual machine assembly time.","PeriodicalId":499284,"journal":{"name":"Technologia i Automatyzacja Montażu","volume":"60 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135953943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Angelika Arkuszyńska, Jan Godzimirski, Marek Rośkowicz
The aim of the research was to determine the basic strength properties of orthotropic composites in terms of their use in the repair of aircraft airframes. The objects of the tests were three types of composites reinforced with carbon fibers: produced using the wet method with a thickness of 2.5 mm, commercial with a thickness of 2 mm and commercial with a thickness of 7.3 mm. Specimens cut out from the first two types of materials were subjected to a static tensile test with a force applied in the direction of the fibers and at an angle of 45°, which enabled the determination of tensile strength and modulus of elasticity. Specimens made of 7.3 mm thick composite were subjected to four-point bending and tensile tests to determine Young's modulus, compression and impact strength, also taking into account two directions of load application. The values of stresses and Young's modulus determined in this way indicate much lower strength and stiffness of orthotropic composites apart from the reinforcement fibers’ directions, which is the basis for replacing them with quasi-isotropic composites in repairs of aircraft airframes.
{"title":"Analysis of the properties of orthotropic composites in terms of their use in airframe repairs","authors":"Angelika Arkuszyńska, Jan Godzimirski, Marek Rośkowicz","doi":"10.7862/tiam.2023.3.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7862/tiam.2023.3.1","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the research was to determine the basic strength properties of orthotropic composites in terms of their use in the repair of aircraft airframes. The objects of the tests were three types of composites reinforced with carbon fibers: produced using the wet method with a thickness of 2.5 mm, commercial with a thickness of 2 mm and commercial with a thickness of 7.3 mm. Specimens cut out from the first two types of materials were subjected to a static tensile test with a force applied in the direction of the fibers and at an angle of 45°, which enabled the determination of tensile strength and modulus of elasticity. Specimens made of 7.3 mm thick composite were subjected to four-point bending and tensile tests to determine Young's modulus, compression and impact strength, also taking into account two directions of load application. The values of stresses and Young's modulus determined in this way indicate much lower strength and stiffness of orthotropic composites apart from the reinforcement fibers’ directions, which is the basis for replacing them with quasi-isotropic composites in repairs of aircraft airframes.","PeriodicalId":499284,"journal":{"name":"Technologia i Automatyzacja Montażu","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135955002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Anna Rudawska, Piotr Penkała, Paweł Chochowski, Andrzej Tkaczyk, Tetiana Vitenko
The aim of the article was to present issues related to the strength analysis of one of the types of assembly joints - welded joints, taking into account the influence of selected factors: technological - welding method, construction - type of joints and material - type of joined material. The MIG/MAG method (135/136), arc welding (111) and gas welding (311) were used as welding methods. Butt joints and lap joints were made of CuZn37 copper alloy (PN-EN 1652), S235JR unalloyed structural steel (EN 10025) and 1.4301 acid-resistant steel (EN 10088). Welded joints samples were made with appropriate parameters, according to the welding methods. Strength tests of welded joints on MTS BIONIX 370.02 testing machine, in accordance with the PN-EN 1465 standard Based on the obtained test results, it can be seen that the value of stresses and deformations is affected by both the welding method and the type of joint structure, while the type of material to be welded should also be taken into account.
{"title":"Analysis of the strength of assembly joints - welded joints of various construction materials","authors":"Anna Rudawska, Piotr Penkała, Paweł Chochowski, Andrzej Tkaczyk, Tetiana Vitenko","doi":"10.7862/tiam.2023.3.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7862/tiam.2023.3.3","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the article was to present issues related to the strength analysis of one of the types of assembly joints - welded joints, taking into account the influence of selected factors: technological - welding method, construction - type of joints and material - type of joined material. The MIG/MAG method (135/136), arc welding (111) and gas welding (311) were used as welding methods. Butt joints and lap joints were made of CuZn37 copper alloy (PN-EN 1652), S235JR unalloyed structural steel (EN 10025) and 1.4301 acid-resistant steel (EN 10088). Welded joints samples were made with appropriate parameters, according to the welding methods. Strength tests of welded joints on MTS BIONIX 370.02 testing machine, in accordance with the PN-EN 1465 standard Based on the obtained test results, it can be seen that the value of stresses and deformations is affected by both the welding method and the type of joint structure, while the type of material to be welded should also be taken into account.","PeriodicalId":499284,"journal":{"name":"Technologia i Automatyzacja Montażu","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135954396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Roman Wdowik, Marek Magdziak, Andrzej Dzierwa, Barbara Ciecińska, Przemysław Podulka, Jolanta Litwin, Artur Bełzo, Artur Borowiec, Piotr Nazarko, Agnieszka Wiater, Angelos Markopoulos, Faramarz Hojati, Bahman Azarhoushang, Iryna Pushchak, Mariaelena Romanini
The paper presents the state regarding practices in teaching at partner universities of the EDURES project and current approaches supporting research-based education. It also presents the needs of various groups of stakeholders formulated on the basis of survey results. Moreover, the paper proposes new methodologies which are useful if research results are implemented in teaching programmes at technical universities (research-based lectures, e-learning, web portal methodologies, wizards, etc). It is finally stated that research-results implementation into teaching processes is possible by the use of various tools and approaches proposed by the EDURES partnership and has a potential to be appreciated by students, academics and external stakeholders.
{"title":"Research - based technology education – the EDURES partnership experience","authors":"Roman Wdowik, Marek Magdziak, Andrzej Dzierwa, Barbara Ciecińska, Przemysław Podulka, Jolanta Litwin, Artur Bełzo, Artur Borowiec, Piotr Nazarko, Agnieszka Wiater, Angelos Markopoulos, Faramarz Hojati, Bahman Azarhoushang, Iryna Pushchak, Mariaelena Romanini","doi":"10.7862/tiam.2023.3.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7862/tiam.2023.3.6","url":null,"abstract":"The paper presents the state regarding practices in teaching at partner universities of the EDURES project and current approaches supporting research-based education. It also presents the needs of various groups of stakeholders formulated on the basis of survey results. Moreover, the paper proposes new methodologies which are useful if research results are implemented in teaching programmes at technical universities (research-based lectures, e-learning, web portal methodologies, wizards, etc). It is finally stated that research-results implementation into teaching processes is possible by the use of various tools and approaches proposed by the EDURES partnership and has a potential to be appreciated by students, academics and external stakeholders.","PeriodicalId":499284,"journal":{"name":"Technologia i Automatyzacja Montażu","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135955012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The aim of the article was to investigate whether 3D roughness parameters can be used to assess the strengthening treatment and to predict the load capacity of lap adhesive joints subjected to shot peening. The analyzes were carried out for single-lap adhesive joints made of EN AW-2024-T3 aluminum alloy, whose overlaps were shot peened for 60 to 180 s using balls with a diameter of 0.5 to 1.5 mm with a compressed air pressure of 0.3 to 0.5 MPa. As a result of the regression and correlation analysis, it was found that within the adopted range of input parameters variability, the load capacity of adhesive joints subjected to shot peening is most closely related to the roughness parameter Sdr. It has been shown that increasing the value of the Sdr parameter contributes to increasing the load capacity of adhesive joints. A mathematical model describing the impact of treatment time, balls diameter and compressed air pressure on the value of the Sdr parameter was also built. The model was built in accordance with the the Hartley's PS/DS-P:Ha3 plan methodology. The obtained results allow to conclude that the Sdr parameter can be used to predict the load capacity of adhesive joints after shot peening and to assess the strengthening treatment (within the assumed range of input parameters variability). Additionaly, the simplicity and low cost of roughness measurements justify the use of this method in industrial purposes.
{"title":"Relationship between 3D surface roughness parameters and load capacity of adhesive joints after shot peening","authors":"Władysław Zielecki, Sławomir Świrad, Ewelina Ozga","doi":"10.7862/tiam.2023.3.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7862/tiam.2023.3.5","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the article was to investigate whether 3D roughness parameters can be used to assess the strengthening treatment and to predict the load capacity of lap adhesive joints subjected to shot peening. The analyzes were carried out for single-lap adhesive joints made of EN AW-2024-T3 aluminum alloy, whose overlaps were shot peened for 60 to 180 s using balls with a diameter of 0.5 to 1.5 mm with a compressed air pressure of 0.3 to 0.5 MPa. As a result of the regression and correlation analysis, it was found that within the adopted range of input parameters variability, the load capacity of adhesive joints subjected to shot peening is most closely related to the roughness parameter Sdr. It has been shown that increasing the value of the Sdr parameter contributes to increasing the load capacity of adhesive joints. A mathematical model describing the impact of treatment time, balls diameter and compressed air pressure on the value of the Sdr parameter was also built. The model was built in accordance with the the Hartley's PS/DS-P:Ha3 plan methodology. The obtained results allow to conclude that the Sdr parameter can be used to predict the load capacity of adhesive joints after shot peening and to assess the strengthening treatment (within the assumed range of input parameters variability). Additionaly, the simplicity and low cost of roughness measurements justify the use of this method in industrial purposes.","PeriodicalId":499284,"journal":{"name":"Technologia i Automatyzacja Montażu","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135954362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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