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Zero power mismatch islanding detection algorithm for hybrid distributed generating system 混合分布式发电系统零功率失配孤岛检测算法
Pub Date : 2023-10-04 DOI: 10.32397/tesea.vol4.n2.534
Sareddy Venkata Rami Reddy, T. R. Premila, Ch. Rami Reddy, B. Nagi Reddy
Distributed generation is essential for both keeping up with the rising power demand and reducing the amount of money spent on fossil fuels. There is widespread agreement that the world should prioritize the development of renewable energy systems such as wind and solar energy. This study describes the design and utility-grid integration of a hybrid distributed generating system that utilizes photovoltaic and wind-driven permanent magnet synchronous generators (hybrid PMSG-PV systems). To prevent damage to the grid, hybrid distributed generation systems, consumer devices, and line workers must be protected from islanding. Detection of islanding in hybrid DG systems has been suggested using passive islanding and time-spectral analysis. Measuring and amplifying the ripple content present in voltage at point of common coupling (PCC) about 0.4 seconds after the permissible delay time after the circuit breaker opens on the utility grid side is how islanding is discovered using this method. Compared to other methods, the proposed method has smoother islanding detection waveforms owing to increases in both the window size and threshold limit. The suggested method detects islanding in 40 ms and is verified in a variety of non-islanding scenarios, such as fault occurrence, parallel feeder loss, and load shift. In addition, the cost is reduced, the response time is rapid, and there is no non-detection zone (NDZ) when using these methods. Unlike active islanding detection methods, their function is unaffected by the size, quantity, or type of distributed generators linked to the utility grid; hence, there are no power quality concerns.
分布式发电对于满足不断增长的电力需求和减少在化石燃料上的花费至关重要。人们普遍认为,世界应该优先发展风能和太阳能等可再生能源系统。本研究描述了利用光伏和风力驱动的永磁同步发电机(混合PMSG-PV系统)的混合分布式发电系统的设计和公用事业电网整合。为了防止对电网的破坏,必须保护混合分布式发电系统、消费设备和线路工作人员免受孤岛。建议采用被动孤岛和时间谱分析方法检测混合DG系统中的孤岛。在公共电网侧的断路器打开后,在允许的延迟时间后约0.4秒,测量和放大在共耦合点(PCC)电压中存在的纹波含量是如何使用该方法发现孤岛的。与其他方法相比,由于窗口大小和阈值限制的增加,该方法具有更平滑的孤岛检测波形。该方法在40 ms内检测到孤岛,并在故障发生、并联馈线损耗和负载移位等多种非孤岛场景下进行了验证。此外,在使用这些方法时,成本降低,响应时间快,并且没有非检测区(NDZ)。与主动孤岛检测方法不同,它们的功能不受连接到公用电网的分布式发电机的大小、数量或类型的影响;因此,不存在电能质量问题。
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引用次数: 0
Design and Cogging Torque Reduction of Radial Flux Brushless DC Motors with Varied Permanent Magnet Pole Shapes for Electric Vehicle Application 电动汽车用不同永磁极形状径向磁通无刷直流电机的设计及齿槽转矩减小
Pub Date : 2023-09-29 DOI: 10.32397/tesea.vol4.n2.535
Tanuj Jhankal, Amit N. Patel
Brushless direct current motors have more attractive features, making them a promising solution for electric vehicle applications. A 1 kW, 510 rpm, 24-slots and 8-pole inner runner type surface permanent magnet mounted radial flux brushless DC motor with seven different permanent magnet pole shape rotor is investigated. Motors with different permanent magnet shape rotors were designed, and finite element modelling and simulation were carried out. For performance comparison, the initial design with a radial-type pole shape was regarded as a reference design. Cogging torque is detrimental to the overall performance of the motor, typically in low-speed applications like electric vehicles. The primary aim of this paper is to reduce the cogging torque & study its effect on the overall performance of the motor and minimize torque ripples with reduced permanent magnet requirements. The proposed designs are analyzed in terms of cogging torque, flux density, torque, efficiency, flux linkage and back-EMF. The comparative analysis shows that the motor with bump-shaped permanent magnet rotor poles has betterperformance than the others.
无刷直流电机具有更吸引人的特点,使其成为电动汽车应用的有前途的解决方案。研究了1 kW、510 rpm、24槽8极内流道式表面永磁径向磁通无刷直流电动机,该电机具有7种不同的永磁极形转子。设计了具有不同永磁转子形状的电机,并进行了有限元建模和仿真。为了进行性能比较,初始设计采用径向型杆形作为参考设计。齿槽转矩对电机的整体性能有害,特别是在电动汽车等低速应用中。本文的主要目的是减小齿槽扭矩。研究其对电机整体性能的影响,并在减少永磁体要求的情况下最大限度地减少转矩波动。从齿槽转矩、磁通密度、转矩、效率、磁通联动和反电动势等方面对设计方案进行了分析。对比分析表明,凸起型永磁转子磁极电机性能优于其他两种电机。
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引用次数: 0
Analysis of Bus Vulnerability Conducted Using a Synchronized Phasor Measurement Unit in Order to Achieve the Maximum Observability 利用同步相量测量单元对总线脆弱性进行分析,以达到最大的可观测性
Pub Date : 2023-09-21 DOI: 10.32397/tesea.vol4.n2.523
Rohit Babu, Vikash Kumar Gupta
Phasor measurement units (PMUs) have gained significant interest in recent decades. These instruments are used to measure synchronized phasor data. PMUs are gradually but definitely taking over power grids because of the significant phasor information that they generate for both regular and irregular conditions for the purpose of maintaining safety and control. PMUs may be used for a variety of purposes, including state estimation, which is a common task. In order to make state estimation more reliable, a variety of approaches have been looked into, and one of them is the positioning of PMUs. This paper provides a plan for the implementation of the PMUs, taking into account the potential for failure and vulnerability posed by PMU-equipped buses. Two separate studies were carried out and evaluated with the goal of solving the optimum PMU placement problem (OPPP), which pertains to the grids. The findings of the first study show that the maximum bus observability may be accomplished with the fewest possible number of PMUs, even while taking into consideration the fact that there is a risk that one or more PMUs would malfunction. This investigation was carried out with common measures such as zero injection bus (ZIB) and branch flow measurements, both with and without them, in order to assess the outcomes. The second research focused on selecting the PMU-equipped bus’s vulnerability analysis as its primary area of investigation. All of the tests were completed by using binary integer linear programming. Specifically, the described method is meant to be used with an existing PMU framework and in the case that new locations for new PMUs are necessary to be furnished with existing PMUs. This results confirm that the recommended strategy can be implemented successfully on the IEEE benchmark test systems.
相量测量单元(PMUs)在近几十年来获得了极大的兴趣。这些仪器用于测量同步相量数据。pmu正在逐渐但肯定地接管电网,因为它们为维持安全和控制的目的,在正常和不正常的条件下产生重要的相位信息。pmu可以用于各种目的,包括状态估计,这是一项常见的任务。为了使状态估计更加可靠,人们研究了多种方法,其中之一就是pmu的定位。考虑到配备pmu的总线可能出现的故障和脆弱性,本文提供了pmu的实施计划。以解决与网格相关的PMU最优放置问题(OPPP)为目标,进行了两项独立的研究并进行了评估。第一项研究的结果表明,即使考虑到存在一个或多个pmu故障的风险,也可以用尽可能少的pmu数量实现最大的总线可观察性。为了评估结果,该研究采用了常见的措施,如零注入总线(ZIB)和分支流量测量,无论是否使用这些措施。第二部分的研究重点是选择配备pmu的客车的脆弱性分析作为主要的研究领域。所有的测试都是用二进制整数线性规划完成的。具体来说,所描述的方法旨在与现有PMU框架一起使用,并且在需要为新PMU提供现有PMU的新位置的情况下。结果表明,所推荐的策略可以在IEEE基准测试系统上成功实现。
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引用次数: 0
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TESEA, transactions on energy systems and engineering applications
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