Suvashree Bhaumik, Manu Kar, S. Dutta, Somdatta Ghosh
Abstract: Burning in forest floor, specially, in deciduous forests is an annual practice of forest dwellers in some states of India to collect non timber forest produce at ease. Sometimes this springtime burning get out of control and damage the forest severely. Sal dominated mixed forest in Godapyasal range, Midnapore division, West Midnapore in south West Bengal, with different fire incidence histories was taken for the study. An intensive survey of sites with regular burning, occasional burning and no burning were done to study plant diversity and community composition and the results were compared within different sites. Severe burning regimes damaged the plant density drastically rendering the saplings of subdominants only near ground level as coppice. Mild fire frequencies, though not severely damaged plant community, differed from unburned area significantly. Fire hardy tree species are dominant and subdominant in both sites. In severe burned site, plant diversity increased with a number of invasive perennials and annuals and spiny undershrubs and show even distribution. Common plants in the three communities were observed to be affected in their community parameters with burning frequency. Frequent and occasional burning both reduced mycorrhizal population with larger spores drastically and not replaced even after nine months of burning. AMF with smaller spores are less affected.
{"title":"Burning Frequency Influences Plant Composition and Diversity and Mycorrhizal Spore Density in a Lateritic Dry Deciduous Sal Dominated Forest","authors":"Suvashree Bhaumik, Manu Kar, S. Dutta, Somdatta Ghosh","doi":"10.30564/re.v6i2.6138","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30564/re.v6i2.6138","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:\u0000Burning in forest floor, specially, in deciduous forests is an annual practice of forest dwellers in some states of India to collect non timber forest produce at ease. Sometimes this springtime burning get out of control and damage the forest severely. Sal dominated mixed forest in Godapyasal range, Midnapore division, West Midnapore in south West Bengal, with different fire incidence histories was taken for the study. An intensive survey of sites with regular burning, occasional burning and no burning were done to study plant diversity and community composition and the results were compared within different sites. Severe burning regimes damaged the plant density drastically rendering the saplings of subdominants only near ground level as coppice. Mild fire frequencies, though not severely damaged plant community, differed from unburned area significantly. Fire hardy tree species are dominant and subdominant in both sites. In severe burned site, plant diversity increased with a number of invasive perennials and annuals and spiny undershrubs and show even distribution. Common plants in the three communities were observed to be affected in their community parameters with burning frequency. Frequent and occasional burning both reduced mycorrhizal population with larger spores drastically and not replaced even after nine months of burning. AMF with smaller spores are less affected.","PeriodicalId":500083,"journal":{"name":"Research in ecology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140971173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The present review provides a compilation of the published data on the ecology and social behavior of midday gerbils. Both field studies and observations under semi-natural conditions provide evidence that the midday gerbil is a nocturnal, primarily granivorous rodent that lives in highly seasonal habitats. A typical feature of the midday gerbils’ spatial organization is formation of multi-male–multi-female associations (breeding colonies) in which male home ranges overlap each other and with female ranges to a great extent, while females tend to occupy exclusive home ranges. The mating system of this species can be defined as polygynandry or promiscuity; males appear to compete for access to receptive females. The social structure in the midday gerbil is primarily based on aggressive interactions between conspecifics resulting in a dominance hierarchy among males and site-dependent dominance among females, especially during the breeding season. After the cessation of reproduction, a tendency towards more pronounced gregariousness appears, and midday gerbils form wintering groups; gerbils, however, lead solitary lives within these groups. Overall, the data presented expand our understanding of socio-ecology of gerbils.
{"title":"Ecology and social behavior of the midday gerbil Meriones meridianus: Insights from long-term research in the wild and seminatural environments","authors":"Vladimir S Gromov","doi":"10.30564/re.v6i2.6292","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30564/re.v6i2.6292","url":null,"abstract":"The present review provides a compilation of the published data on the ecology and social behavior of midday gerbils. Both field studies and observations under semi-natural conditions provide evidence that the midday gerbil is a nocturnal, primarily granivorous rodent that lives in highly seasonal habitats. A typical feature of the midday gerbils’ spatial organization is formation of multi-male–multi-female associations (breeding colonies) in which male home ranges overlap each other and with female ranges to a great extent, while females tend to occupy exclusive home ranges. The mating system of this species can be defined as polygynandry or promiscuity; males appear to compete for access to receptive females. The social structure in the midday gerbil is primarily based on aggressive interactions between conspecifics resulting in a dominance hierarchy among males and site-dependent dominance among females, especially during the breeding season. After the cessation of reproduction, a tendency towards more pronounced gregariousness appears, and midday gerbils form wintering groups; gerbils, however, lead solitary lives within these groups. Overall, the data presented expand our understanding of socio-ecology of gerbils.","PeriodicalId":500083,"journal":{"name":"Research in ecology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141001069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The expanding dye and dye-related industries have led to the production of large volumes of dye-containing wastewater streams. Without adequate treatment, the wastewater could pollute the environment and give rise to health concerns. Biocatalytic technologies provide a channel of treating the wastewater. These technologies involve immobilizing dye-degrading enzymes particularly laccase and peroxidase, and microorganisms on or in suitable supports to enhance their activities, stability, efficiency, and recyclability. This review provides the latest advances in biocatalytic technologies and their feasibility. Based on this review, laccase has been immobilized on supports comprising PEDOT-PPy-COOH/Pt, nanocellulose from quinoa husks, calcium alginate, delignified spent grain, polymeric membrane, and metal-organic frameworks to treat different dyes with efficiencies ranging from 39% to 100%. Peroxidase has been immobilized on calcium alginate, Fe3O4 nanoparticles, cationic maize starch, and graphene oxide-SiO2 for treatment of various dyes with efficiencies in the range of 40–100%. The dye-degrading ability of azoreductase is often harnessed through immobilization of microbial cells which contain multiple enzymes in them and are frequently able to decolorize more than 90% of the dyes tested. An immobilized azoreductase has been successfully produced but showed lower dye-degrading efficiencies of 18.3–58.3%. The performance of biocatalysts can be affected by multiple factors, making optimization of the operating conditions important. The use of green support materials could reduce the cost of biocatalysts and the associated environmental concerns. A versatile biocatalyst or biocatalyst mixture is beneficial to degrade the complex pollutants in dye-containing wastewater.
{"title":"Advances and feasibility of biocatalytic technologies for dye removal","authors":"K. Tang","doi":"10.30564/re.v6i2.6189","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30564/re.v6i2.6189","url":null,"abstract":"The expanding dye and dye-related industries have led to the production of large volumes of dye-containing wastewater streams. Without adequate treatment, the wastewater could pollute the environment and give rise to health concerns. Biocatalytic technologies provide a channel of treating the wastewater. These technologies involve immobilizing dye-degrading enzymes particularly laccase and peroxidase, and microorganisms on or in suitable supports to enhance their activities, stability, efficiency, and recyclability. This review provides the latest advances in biocatalytic technologies and their feasibility. Based on this review, laccase has been immobilized on supports comprising PEDOT-PPy-COOH/Pt, nanocellulose from quinoa husks, calcium alginate, delignified spent grain, polymeric membrane, and metal-organic frameworks to treat different dyes with efficiencies ranging from 39% to 100%. Peroxidase has been immobilized on calcium alginate, Fe3O4 nanoparticles, cationic maize starch, and graphene oxide-SiO2 for treatment of various dyes with efficiencies in the range of 40–100%. The dye-degrading ability of azoreductase is often harnessed through immobilization of microbial cells which contain multiple enzymes in them and are frequently able to decolorize more than 90% of the dyes tested. An immobilized azoreductase has been successfully produced but showed lower dye-degrading efficiencies of 18.3–58.3%. The performance of biocatalysts can be affected by multiple factors, making optimization of the operating conditions important. The use of green support materials could reduce the cost of biocatalysts and the associated environmental concerns. A versatile biocatalyst or biocatalyst mixture is beneficial to degrade the complex pollutants in dye-containing wastewater.\u0000 ","PeriodicalId":500083,"journal":{"name":"Research in ecology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140722392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Riley Elliott, Jingjing Zhang, Todd Dennis, John Montgomery, Craig Radford
The relationship between habitat and behaviour provides important information for species management. For large, free roaming, marine animals satellite tags provide high resolution information on movement, but such datasets are restricted due to cost. Extracting additional biologically important information from these data would increase utilisation and value. Several modelling approaches have been developed to identify behavioural states in tracking data. The objective of this study was to evaluate a behavioural state prediction model for blue shark (Prionace glauca) ARGOS surface location-only data. The novel nature of the six SPLASH satellite tags used enabled behavioural events to be identified in blue shark dive data and accurately mapped spatio-temporally along respective surface location-only tracks. Behavioural states modelled along the six surface location-only tracks were then tested against observed behavioural events to evaluate the model's accuracy. Results showed that the Behavioural Change Point Analysis (BCPA) model augmented with K means clustering analysis performed well for predicting foraging behaviour (correct 86% of the time). Prediction accuracy was lower for searching (52%) and travelling (63%) behaviour, likely related to the numerical dominance of foraging events in dive data. The model's validation for predicting foraging behaviour justified its application to nine additional surface location-only (SPOT tag) tracks, substantially increasing the utilisation of expensive and rare data. Results enabled the critical behavioural state of foraging, to be mapped throughout the entire home range of blue sharks, allowing drivers of critical habitat to be investigated. This validation strengthens the use of such modelling to interpret historic and future datasets, for blue sharks but also other species, contributing to conservational management.
{"title":"Evaluating Behavioural Modelling Predictions in the Blue Shark (Prionace glauca) Enables Greater Insight on Habitat Use from Location only Argos Data","authors":"Riley Elliott, Jingjing Zhang, Todd Dennis, John Montgomery, Craig Radford","doi":"10.30564/re.v5i3.5894","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30564/re.v5i3.5894","url":null,"abstract":"The relationship between habitat and behaviour provides important information for species management. For large, free roaming, marine animals satellite tags provide high resolution information on movement, but such datasets are restricted due to cost. Extracting additional biologically important information from these data would increase utilisation and value. Several modelling approaches have been developed to identify behavioural states in tracking data. The objective of this study was to evaluate a behavioural state prediction model for blue shark (Prionace glauca) ARGOS surface location-only data. The novel nature of the six SPLASH satellite tags used enabled behavioural events to be identified in blue shark dive data and accurately mapped spatio-temporally along respective surface location-only tracks. Behavioural states modelled along the six surface location-only tracks were then tested against observed behavioural events to evaluate the model's accuracy. Results showed that the Behavioural Change Point Analysis (BCPA) model augmented with K means clustering analysis performed well for predicting foraging behaviour (correct 86% of the time). Prediction accuracy was lower for searching (52%) and travelling (63%) behaviour, likely related to the numerical dominance of foraging events in dive data. The model's validation for predicting foraging behaviour justified its application to nine additional surface location-only (SPOT tag) tracks, substantially increasing the utilisation of expensive and rare data. Results enabled the critical behavioural state of foraging, to be mapped throughout the entire home range of blue sharks, allowing drivers of critical habitat to be investigated. This validation strengthens the use of such modelling to interpret historic and future datasets, for blue sharks but also other species, contributing to conservational management.","PeriodicalId":500083,"journal":{"name":"Research in ecology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135977326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Recent trends in globalization, human mobility surge and global trade aggravated the expansion of alien species introduction leading to invasion by alien plants compounded by climate change. The ability to predict the spread of invasive species within the context of climate change holds significance for accurately identifying vulnerable regions and formulating strategies to contain their wide proliferation and invasion. Anthropogenic activities and recent climate change scenarios increased the risk of Chromolaena odorata invasion and habitat expansion in Mizoram. To forecast its current distribution and habitat suitability amidst climatic alterations in Mizoram, a MaxEnt-driven habitat suitability model was deployed using the default parameters. The resultant model exhibited that the current spatial range of C. odorata occupies 15.37% of geographical areas deemed suitable for varying degrees of invasion. Projections for 2050 and 2070 anticipated an expansion of suitable habitats up to 34.37% of the geographical area of Mizoram, specifically under RCP 2.6 in 2070 in comparison with its present distribution. Currently, the distributional range of C. odorata in Mizoram spans from lower (450 m) to mid elevational ranges up to 1700 meters, with limited presence at higher altitudes. However, the habitat suitability model extrapolates that climate changes will elevate the invasion risk posed by C. odorata across Mizoram, particularly in the North-Western and Central regions. The projection of further territorial expansion and an upward shift in altitudinal range in the future underscores the urgency of instating robust management measures to pre-empt the impact of C. odorata invasion. This study recommends the imperative nature of effective C. odorata management, particularly during the initial stages of invasion.
{"title":"Predicting the Potential Invasion Hotspots of Chromolaena odorata under Current and Future Climate Change Scenarios in Heterogeneous Ecological Landscapes of Mizoram, India","authors":"Rabishankar Sengupta, Sudhansu Sekhar Dash","doi":"10.30564/re.v5i3.5920","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30564/re.v5i3.5920","url":null,"abstract":"Recent trends in globalization, human mobility surge and global trade aggravated the expansion of alien species introduction leading to invasion by alien plants compounded by climate change. The ability to predict the spread of invasive species within the context of climate change holds significance for accurately identifying vulnerable regions and formulating strategies to contain their wide proliferation and invasion. Anthropogenic activities and recent climate change scenarios increased the risk of Chromolaena odorata invasion and habitat expansion in Mizoram. To forecast its current distribution and habitat suitability amidst climatic alterations in Mizoram, a MaxEnt-driven habitat suitability model was deployed using the default parameters. The resultant model exhibited that the current spatial range of C. odorata occupies 15.37% of geographical areas deemed suitable for varying degrees of invasion. Projections for 2050 and 2070 anticipated an expansion of suitable habitats up to 34.37% of the geographical area of Mizoram, specifically under RCP 2.6 in 2070 in comparison with its present distribution. Currently, the distributional range of C. odorata in Mizoram spans from lower (450 m) to mid elevational ranges up to 1700 meters, with limited presence at higher altitudes. However, the habitat suitability model extrapolates that climate changes will elevate the invasion risk posed by C. odorata across Mizoram, particularly in the North-Western and Central regions. The projection of further territorial expansion and an upward shift in altitudinal range in the future underscores the urgency of instating robust management measures to pre-empt the impact of C. odorata invasion. This study recommends the imperative nature of effective C. odorata management, particularly during the initial stages of invasion.","PeriodicalId":500083,"journal":{"name":"Research in ecology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136254104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Eutrophication is the term used to describe the presence of natural and artificial nutrients like phosphorus and nitrogen in aquatic ecosystems. The water quality in various bodies of water such as ponds, lakes, rivers, etc. is deteriorating as a result of an abundance of plant nutrients in these water sources. Over-enrichment of aquatic ecosystems with nutrients is a major hazard to the well-being of aquatic ecosystems worldwide. In addition, the circulations have lowered the requirements for home and agricultural consumption of water. The main origins of these plant nutrients within aquatic ecosystems stem from the discharges of industries engaged in activities like livestock farming, agriculture, fertilizer production, manufacturing of textiles, and clothing production. Therefore, a variety of methods and approaches have already been developed as safety measures to avoid the negative consequences of water tainted with those undesired minerals. Eutrophication presents many obstacles, but with the right public awareness campaign and global scientific efforts, its negative impacts may be lessened. This research seeks to pinpoint the primary origins of plant nutrients within the aquatic ecosystem and explore potential triggers for eutrophication. Additionally, it proposes innovative regulatory methods and offers suggestions for sustainable wastewater management practices.
{"title":"Navigating Eutrophication in Aquatic Environments: Understanding Impacts and Unveiling Solutions for Effective Wastewater Management","authors":"Arnob Dhar Pranta, Md. Tareque Rahaman, Md. Samin Ahmed, Md. Shamsul Arefin Rafi","doi":"10.30564/re.v5i3.5908","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30564/re.v5i3.5908","url":null,"abstract":"Eutrophication is the term used to describe the presence of natural and artificial nutrients like phosphorus and nitrogen in aquatic ecosystems. The water quality in various bodies of water such as ponds, lakes, rivers, etc. is deteriorating as a result of an abundance of plant nutrients in these water sources. Over-enrichment of aquatic ecosystems with nutrients is a major hazard to the well-being of aquatic ecosystems worldwide. In addition, the circulations have lowered the requirements for home and agricultural consumption of water. The main origins of these plant nutrients within aquatic ecosystems stem from the discharges of industries engaged in activities like livestock farming, agriculture, fertilizer production, manufacturing of textiles, and clothing production. Therefore, a variety of methods and approaches have already been developed as safety measures to avoid the negative consequences of water tainted with those undesired minerals. Eutrophication presents many obstacles, but with the right public awareness campaign and global scientific efforts, its negative impacts may be lessened. This research seeks to pinpoint the primary origins of plant nutrients within the aquatic ecosystem and explore potential triggers for eutrophication. Additionally, it proposes innovative regulatory methods and offers suggestions for sustainable wastewater management practices.","PeriodicalId":500083,"journal":{"name":"Research in ecology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135037757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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