Straw return into agricultural soil is beneficial to agricultural production and has been widely recommended as a practice to enhance both productivity and soil fertility. However, long-term excessive straw return may be detrimental in intensive and high-yielding cropping systems. Here, we conducted a 3-year field experiment in a wheat-maize (Triticum aestivum and Zea mays) double cropping system to investigate the impacts of various straw return rates on crop productivity and carbon footprint. The soil type of the experimental site is Hapludalf. Our results revealed that during the study period from 2014 to 2017 returning 50 % of the straw from both crops (about 3.8 t C ha−1 input) led to maximum increase in grain yield by 15 % and the maximum efficiency of soil to sequestrate 24 % of carbon contained in returned straw. Returning only 25 % of straw (2.0 t C ha−1 input) maintained the relative balance of soil carbon. 75 % straw return (5.4 t C·ha−1 straw carbon) resulted in the maximum soil carbon sequestration of 0.8 t C ha−1 yr−1 and minimum carbon footprint of 2.4 t CO2-eq ha−1, but more straw return did not produce significant positive benefits. Straw return promoted farmland CO2 emission, which was equivalent to 43 % of the straw carbon input. Each 25 % increase of straw return amount increased the total direct N2O emissions by 0.5 kg N2O ha−1. Our results clearly indicate that the currently and widely practiced straw management i.e. returning all wheat and maize straw, leads to excessive carbon return, causing imbalance of soil carbon and nutrient and reduced crop yield, is therefore not the best options. Returning 50–75 % of crop straw and using the rest as stock feed, will boost crop productivity while maintaining lower carbon footprint. Our approach provides a practical and reliable method to develop a "win-win" strategy for straw management in the double-cropping systems. The optimal straw management will change with time due to changed climate, soil and management conditions,while the approach can be applied to investigate optimal straw management in all systems across environments. Although our study is constrained to short-term observations, the findings provide valuable guidance for the development of mutually beneficial crop straw management strategies and establish a solid foundation for future long-term research in this area.
秸秆还田有利于农业生产，已被广泛推荐为提高生产力和土壤肥力的做法。然而，在集约高产种植制度中，长期过量秸秆还田可能是有害的。本研究以小麦-玉米（Triticum aestivum和Zea mays）双季制为试验材料，研究不同秸秆还田率对作物生产力和碳足迹的影响。试验点土壤类型为单峰型。结果表明，在2014年至2017年的研究期间，两种作物秸秆还田50% %（约3.8 t C ha - 1投入）可使粮食产量最大增加15 %，土壤对还田秸秆碳的最大固存效率为24 %。仅还田25% %秸秆（2.0 ~ C ha−1）即可维持土壤碳的相对平衡。75% %秸秆还田（5.4 t C·ha−1秸秆碳）最大固碳量为0.8 t C·ha−1 yr−1，最小碳足迹为2.4 t CO2-eq ha−1，但更多秸秆还田并未产生显著的正效益。秸秆还田促进农田CO2排放，相当于秸秆碳投入的43% %。秸秆还田量每增加25 %，N2O直接总排放量增加0.5 kg N2O ha - 1。我们的研究结果清楚地表明，目前广泛实行的秸秆管理，即全部归还小麦和玉米秸秆，导致过度的碳返还，导致土壤碳和养分失衡，降低作物产量，因此不是最佳选择。退回50 - 75% %的农作物秸秆，并将其余部分用作饲料，将提高作物生产力，同时保持较低的碳足迹。我们的方法为制定双季制秸秆管理的“双赢”策略提供了一种实用可靠的方法。由于气候、土壤和管理条件的变化，秸秆最优管理会随着时间的变化而变化，该方法可应用于研究跨环境下所有系统的秸秆最优管理。虽然我们的研究仅限于短期观察，但研究结果为制定互利作物秸秆管理策略提供了有价值的指导，并为该领域未来的长期研究奠定了坚实的基础。
{"title":"Optimizing straw return to enhance grain production and approach carbon neutrality in the intensive cropping systems","authors":"Liang Wang, Enli Wang, Guoqing Chen, Xin Qian, Qing Liu, Yingbo Gao, Hui Zhang, Kaichang Liu, Zongxin Li","doi":"10.1016/j.still.2025.106447","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2025.106447","url":null,"abstract":"Straw return into agricultural soil is beneficial to agricultural production and has been widely recommended as a practice to enhance both productivity and soil fertility. However, long-term excessive straw return may be detrimental in intensive and high-yielding cropping systems. Here, we conducted a 3-year field experiment in a wheat-maize (<ce:italic>Triticum aestivum</ce:italic> and <ce:italic>Zea mays</ce:italic>) double cropping system to investigate the impacts of various straw return rates on crop productivity and carbon footprint. The soil type of the experimental site is Hapludalf. Our results revealed that during the study period from 2014 to 2017 returning 50 % of the straw from both crops (about 3.8 t C ha<ce:sup loc=\"post\">−1</ce:sup> input) led to maximum increase in grain yield by 15 % and the maximum efficiency of soil to sequestrate 24 % of carbon contained in returned straw. Returning only 25 % of straw (2.0 t C ha<ce:sup loc=\"post\">−1</ce:sup> input) maintained the relative balance of soil carbon. 75 % straw return (5.4 t C·ha<ce:sup loc=\"post\">−1</ce:sup> straw carbon) resulted in the maximum soil carbon sequestration of 0.8 t C ha<ce:sup loc=\"post\">−1</ce:sup> yr<ce:sup loc=\"post\">−1</ce:sup> and minimum carbon footprint of 2.4 t CO<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf>-eq ha<ce:sup loc=\"post\">−1</ce:sup>, but more straw return did not produce significant positive benefits. Straw return promoted farmland CO<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf> emission, which was equivalent to 43 % of the straw carbon input. Each 25 % increase of straw return amount increased the total direct N<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf>O emissions by 0.5 kg N<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf>O ha<ce:sup loc=\"post\">−1</ce:sup>. Our results clearly indicate that the currently and widely practiced straw management i.e. returning all wheat and maize straw, leads to excessive carbon return, causing imbalance of soil carbon and nutrient and reduced crop yield, is therefore not the best options. Returning 50–75 % of crop straw and using the rest as stock feed, will boost crop productivity while maintaining lower carbon footprint. Our approach provides a practical and reliable method to develop a \"win-win\" strategy for straw management in the double-cropping systems. The optimal straw management will change with time due to changed climate, soil and management conditions,while the approach can be applied to investigate optimal straw management in all systems across environments. Although our study is constrained to short-term observations, the findings provide valuable guidance for the development of mutually beneficial crop straw management strategies and establish a solid foundation for future long-term research in this area.","PeriodicalId":501007,"journal":{"name":"Soil and Tillage Research","volume":"68 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142967800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-08DOI: 10.1016/j.still.2024.106445
Dongheng Yao, Enyi Xie, Ruqian Zhang, Bingbo Gao, Liang Li, Zhenting Zhao, Wencai Zhang, Yubo Liao, Ming Lei, Xiangbin Kong
Accurate knowledge of spatial variations in organic matter concentration of cultivated land topsoil (CTSOM) is crucial for the effective use and management of cultivated land. However, this knowledge remains largely uncertain owing to outdated and imprecise soil databases. Therefore, in 2020, this study meticulously collected 918 samples of cultivated land topsoil (0–30 cm) in Hebei Province of North China, and a Random Forest (RF) model was used to delineate the spatial variability of CTSOM. Results indicated the robust performance of the RF model containing 21 predictors, with an R2 of 0.77, and soil total nitrogen (TN) emerging as the most important predictor. The current mean CTSOM level in the study area stood at 16.47 ± 3.94 g kg−1, displaying a spatial pattern with higher CTSOM levels in the western and northern mountainous areas, and lower levels in the eastern plain areas. A comparison with the second national soil survey data revealed that the overall regional level of CTSOM has increased by 4.28 g kg−1 over the last 40 years. However, a significant decline in CTSOM was observed in the northern part of the study area, where straw return and fertilization can be key contributing factors. This study provides updated knowledge on the spatial variations of CTSOM in North China, which is valuable for agricultural ecosystem management worldwide and for carbon accounting in terrestrial ecosystems.
准确掌握耕地表层土壤有机质浓度的空间变化规律对耕地的有效利用和管理至关重要。然而，由于过时和不精确的土壤数据库，这方面的知识在很大程度上仍然不确定。因此，本研究于2020年对河北省918个耕地表层土壤（0-30 cm）样本进行了精细采集，并采用随机森林（Random Forest， RF）模型对CTSOM的空间变异性进行了描绘。结果表明，该模型具有良好的预测效果，R2为0.77，其中土壤全氮（TN）是最重要的预测因子。研究区CTSOM平均水平为16.47 ± 3.94 g kg−1，呈现西部和北部山区CTSOM水平较高，东部平原区CTSOM水平较低的空间格局。与第二次全国土壤调查数据比较，近40年CTSOM的区域总体水平增加了4.28 g kg−1。然而，研究区北部CTSOM显著下降，秸秆还田和施肥可能是主要影响因素。该研究为华北地区CTSOM的空间变化提供了新的认识，对全球农业生态系统管理和陆地生态系统碳核算具有重要意义。
{"title":"Spatial variations of organic matter concentration in cultivated land topsoil in North China based on updated soil databases","authors":"Dongheng Yao, Enyi Xie, Ruqian Zhang, Bingbo Gao, Liang Li, Zhenting Zhao, Wencai Zhang, Yubo Liao, Ming Lei, Xiangbin Kong","doi":"10.1016/j.still.2024.106445","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2024.106445","url":null,"abstract":"Accurate knowledge of spatial variations in organic matter concentration of cultivated land topsoil (CTSOM) is crucial for the effective use and management of cultivated land. However, this knowledge remains largely uncertain owing to outdated and imprecise soil databases. Therefore, in 2020, this study meticulously collected 918 samples of cultivated land topsoil (0–30 cm) in Hebei Province of North China, and a Random Forest (RF) model was used to delineate the spatial variability of CTSOM. Results indicated the robust performance of the RF model containing 21 predictors, with an R<ce:sup loc=\"post\">2</ce:sup> of 0.77, and soil total nitrogen (TN) emerging as the most important predictor. The current mean CTSOM level in the study area stood at 16.47 ± 3.94 g kg<ce:sup loc=\"post\">−1</ce:sup>, displaying a spatial pattern with higher CTSOM levels in the western and northern mountainous areas, and lower levels in the eastern plain areas. A comparison with the second national soil survey data revealed that the overall regional level of CTSOM has increased by 4.28 g kg<ce:sup loc=\"post\">−1</ce:sup> over the last 40 years. However, a significant decline in CTSOM was observed in the northern part of the study area, where straw return and fertilization can be key contributing factors. This study provides updated knowledge on the spatial variations of CTSOM in North China, which is valuable for agricultural ecosystem management worldwide and for carbon accounting in terrestrial ecosystems.","PeriodicalId":501007,"journal":{"name":"Soil and Tillage Research","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142967801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-04DOI: 10.1016/j.still.2024.106440
Lin Lin, Patric Yemeli Lonla, Jaianth Vijayakumar, Muhammad Khizar Khan, Gemmina Di Emidio, Nick Krekelbergh, Ann Verdoodt, Wim Cornelis
Soil surface crusting is a common phenomenon on agricultural soils susceptible to raindrop impact. Crusts affect soil hydrological properties, erosion, crop quality and yield, which implicates both agriculture and the environment. While methods for determining hydraulic or basic properties of thick soil layers are well established, measuring the soil characteristics of a thin crust still remains a challenge. In this study, we combined traditional lab methods and advanced techniques to reveal temporal variations of crust micro-morphology and their effect on soil properties with cumulative rainfall. Composite samples from two soil textures, a sandy loam and a silt loam, were collected and packed in soil pans, and exposed to a range of rainfall amounts and two rainfall intensities, using a laboratory nozzle-type rainulator. Intact soil ring samples were collected after each rainfall event. They were scanned using X-ray micro-computed Tomography (CT) to determine the evolution of soil porosity, bulk density and crust thickness during the crust formation process. The water permeability and infiltration dynamics of the developing crusts were investigated with minidisk infiltrometers placed on the crusts developed in the pans. Shear strength was evaluated by a hand vane. Disturbed soil was collected to explore variation in organic matter content and texture with cumulative rainfall. During the simulated rainfall events, soil loss, splash and runoff were recorded as well. We found that runoff volume and sediment mass increased, while splash and infiltration volume decreased with increasing rainfall amount. Shear strength increased until 200 mm of rainfall. Rainfall that resulted in crust formation had a rapid and strong effect on the hydraulic properties, with the unsaturated hydraulic conductivity being reduced as rainfall duration increased, and with high rainfall intensity having a greater impact than the low intensity. This was associated with rainfall-induced aggregate breakdown processes, which was confirmed by micro-CT. From the micro-CT images, we found that porosity reached a minimum value after 50 mm rainfall, while bulk density reached a maximum value. The dense crust was then partially removed/dissolved by further rainfall events. Crust thicknesses were about 3.19 and 4.85 mm, and the mean porosity of the crust layers was about 24 % and 27 % smaller than that of the underlying layer, at relatively high and low rainfall intensity, respectively. In conclusion, rainfall events significantly affect crust formation, on which the early-stage has the greatest influence. The crusts are rapidly formed under high rainfall intensity, but a thicker crust is formed under a longer duration of low rainfall intensity. The thickness of the crust increases with increasing rainfall, but its porosity does not decrease correspondingly.
{"title":"Soil surface properties and infiltration response to crust forming of a sandy loam and silt loam","authors":"Lin Lin, Patric Yemeli Lonla, Jaianth Vijayakumar, Muhammad Khizar Khan, Gemmina Di Emidio, Nick Krekelbergh, Ann Verdoodt, Wim Cornelis","doi":"10.1016/j.still.2024.106440","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2024.106440","url":null,"abstract":"Soil surface crusting is a common phenomenon on agricultural soils susceptible to raindrop impact. Crusts affect soil hydrological properties, erosion, crop quality and yield, which implicates both agriculture and the environment. While methods for determining hydraulic or basic properties of thick soil layers are well established, measuring the soil characteristics of a thin crust still remains a challenge. In this study, we combined traditional lab methods and advanced techniques to reveal temporal variations of crust micro-morphology and their effect on soil properties with cumulative rainfall. Composite samples from two soil textures, a sandy loam and a silt loam, were collected and packed in soil pans, and exposed to a range of rainfall amounts and two rainfall intensities, using a laboratory nozzle-type rainulator. Intact soil ring samples were collected after each rainfall event. They were scanned using X-ray micro-computed Tomography (CT) to determine the evolution of soil porosity, bulk density and crust thickness during the crust formation process. The water permeability and infiltration dynamics of the developing crusts were investigated with minidisk infiltrometers placed on the crusts developed in the pans. Shear strength was evaluated by a hand vane. Disturbed soil was collected to explore variation in organic matter content and texture with cumulative rainfall. During the simulated rainfall events, soil loss, splash and runoff were recorded as well. We found that runoff volume and sediment mass increased, while splash and infiltration volume decreased with increasing rainfall amount. Shear strength increased until 200 mm of rainfall. Rainfall that resulted in crust formation had a rapid and strong effect on the hydraulic properties, with the unsaturated hydraulic conductivity being reduced as rainfall duration increased, and with high rainfall intensity having a greater impact than the low intensity. This was associated with rainfall-induced aggregate breakdown processes, which was confirmed by micro-CT. From the micro-CT images, we found that porosity reached a minimum value after 50 mm rainfall, while bulk density reached a maximum value. The dense crust was then partially removed/dissolved by further rainfall events. Crust thicknesses were about 3.19 and 4.85 mm, and the mean porosity of the crust layers was about 24 % and 27 % smaller than that of the underlying layer, at relatively high and low rainfall intensity, respectively. In conclusion, rainfall events significantly affect crust formation, on which the early-stage has the greatest influence. The crusts are rapidly formed under high rainfall intensity, but a thicker crust is formed under a longer duration of low rainfall intensity. The thickness of the crust increases with increasing rainfall, but its porosity does not decrease correspondingly.","PeriodicalId":501007,"journal":{"name":"Soil and Tillage Research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142925028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-03DOI: 10.1016/j.still.2024.106446
Sudabeh Gharemahmudli, Seyed Hamidreza Sadeghi
Soil salinity is one of the essential factors of soil degradation and erosion in arid and semiarid regions, seriously limiting sustainable development. New technologies in controlling and restoring saline soils have to support the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. In the same vein, despite the approved role of biological amendments in controlling soil and water loss, the inoculation of soil cyanobacteria to reduce soil degradation in saline soils has yet to be considered. For this purpose, the studied soil was collected from the Incheboron Area in Northeast Golestan Province, Iran, due to saline and sodium soil being sensitive to water erosion and unstable ecological conditions. The experiments were set up in 0.5 × 0.5-m small erosion plots with soil having different salinities and slopes in the Rain and Erosion Simulation Laboratory of Tarbiat Modares University, Iran. The treated plots with endemic cyanobacteria and untreated (control) plots were compared after eight weeks under simulated rain conditions with an intensity of about 70 mm h−1 lasting for 30 min. The results of the research showed that the runoff volume resulted from the simulated rainfall in the plots with low salinity and 10 % slope and high salinity and 5 % slope inoculated by cyanobacteria were 54.60 and 83.32 % less than untreated plots, respectively. Soil loss was also significantly inhibited (p < 0.001) by seven and 16 times compared to the control treatment. In other words, the treatment of cyanobacteria inoculation on soil with high salinity and low slope was about eight times more effective than that of soil with low salinity and higher slope. Therefore, soil cyanobacteria inoculation can be considered an adequate soil and water conservation strategy in the saline region.
{"title":"Inhibiting soil and water loss in a saline soil through cyanobacterization","authors":"Sudabeh Gharemahmudli, Seyed Hamidreza Sadeghi","doi":"10.1016/j.still.2024.106446","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2024.106446","url":null,"abstract":"Soil salinity is one of the essential factors of soil degradation and erosion in arid and semiarid regions, seriously limiting sustainable development. New technologies in controlling and restoring saline soils have to support the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. In the same vein, despite the approved role of biological amendments in controlling soil and water loss, the inoculation of soil cyanobacteria to reduce soil degradation in saline soils has yet to be considered. For this purpose, the studied soil was collected from the Incheboron Area in Northeast Golestan Province, Iran, due to saline and sodium soil being sensitive to water erosion and unstable ecological conditions. The experiments were set up in 0.5 × 0.5-m small erosion plots with soil having different salinities and slopes in the Rain and Erosion Simulation Laboratory of Tarbiat Modares University, Iran. The treated plots with endemic cyanobacteria and untreated (control) plots were compared after eight weeks under simulated rain conditions with an intensity of about 70 mm h<ce:sup loc=\"post\">−1</ce:sup> lasting for 30 min. The results of the research showed that the runoff volume resulted from the simulated rainfall in the plots with low salinity and 10 % slope and high salinity and 5 % slope inoculated by cyanobacteria were 54.60 and 83.32 % less than untreated plots, respectively. Soil loss was also significantly inhibited (p < 0.001) by seven and 16 times compared to the control treatment. In other words, the treatment of cyanobacteria inoculation on soil with high salinity and low slope was about eight times more effective than that of soil with low salinity and higher slope. Therefore, soil cyanobacteria inoculation can be considered an adequate soil and water conservation strategy in the saline region.","PeriodicalId":501007,"journal":{"name":"Soil and Tillage Research","volume":"159 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142925030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-03DOI: 10.1016/j.still.2024.106435
Geng Guo, Zhiying Deng, Jie Kuai, Xiaoying Peng, Lihua Wu, Guangruo Zeng, Zhen Ouyang, Jiayi Miao, Jie Lin
Water erosion exerts a profound impact on the terrestrial C cycling and its source/sink patterns through strongly affecting soil respiration (Rs). However, the systematic mechanism of erosion-induced CO2 emissions remains inadequately elucidated. Herein, we conducted a one-year field experiment to examine the effects of erosion and deposition on Rs, as well as the relationships between different environmental factors and Rs on a typical eroded slope in southern China. Samples of the topsoil (0–20 cm), classified as Ultisols, were collected from four landscape positions (top, up, middle and toe) with different erosional and depositional characteristics along three transects. We also utilized Biolog-Eco microplates to investigate the response of soil microbial community function to water erosion. The results indicated the accumulative Rs significantly differed among different sites (P < 0.05), primarily in the order of mid-slope< up-slope< toe-slope< top-slope, with the maximum and minimum values of 18.75 and 9.75 t CO2 ha−1 yr−1, respectively. Moreover, erosion remarkably reduced the soil organic carbon (SOC), nutrients, and the average well color development (AWCD) of the carbon sources in soil microbial communities, while deposition enhanced them. The Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) elucidated the multi-factor driving mechanism of erosional site, soil temperature (Ts5), moisture (SWC10), microbial biomass carbon (MBC), SOC, and Shannon’s index on Rs (R2=84.20 %). More importantly, SEM revealed that Ts5, SWC10, MBC, SOC were the most significant predictors of Rs. In summary, Rs was regulated by the interplay of hydrothermal factors, soil properties, and microbial characteristics under erosion and deposition conditions. There is a need to incorporate additional soil properties other than the hydrothermal double-factor model. Our findings highlighted the importance of water erosion on Rs and clarified its driving mechanism, providing a theoretical basis for better predicting and managing carbon-climate feedbacks.
水侵蚀通过强烈影响土壤呼吸（Rs），对陆地碳循环及其源汇模式产生深远影响。然而，侵蚀引起的二氧化碳排放的系统机制仍然没有充分阐明。通过为期一年的野外试验，研究了侵蚀和沉积对土壤中Rs的影响，以及不同环境因子与Rs的关系。表层土壤样品（0 ~ 20 cm）被划分为Ultisols，收集于3个样带上具有不同侵蚀和沉积特征的4个景观位置（顶部、上部、中部和趾部）。利用bio - eco微孔板研究了土壤微生物群落功能对水分侵蚀的响应。结果表明，不同站点间累积Rs差异显著（P <； 0.05），主要以中坡<； 上坡<； 下坡<； 顶坡顺序排列，最大值和最小值分别为18.75和9.75 t CO2 ha - 1 yr - 1。此外，侵蚀显著降低了土壤有机碳（SOC）、养分和土壤微生物群落碳源的平均井色发育（AWCD），而沉积则增强了它们。结构方程模型（SEM）揭示了侵蚀部位、土壤温度（Ts5）、水分（SWC10）、微生物生物量碳（MBC）、有机碳（SOC）和Shannon’s指数对Rs的多因素驱动机制（R2=84.20 %）。SEM结果显示，Ts5、SWC10、MBC、SOC是Rs的最显著预测因子。综上所述，Rs受侵蚀和沉积条件下热液因子、土壤性质和微生物特征的共同调控。除了热液双因素模型外，还需要纳入其他土壤特性。研究结果突出了水土流失对土壤的影响，阐明了水土流失的驱动机制，为更好地预测和管理碳-气候反馈提供了理论依据。
{"title":"Revealing the driving mechanism of soil respiration induced by water erosion in Ultisols landscape of southern China","authors":"Geng Guo, Zhiying Deng, Jie Kuai, Xiaoying Peng, Lihua Wu, Guangruo Zeng, Zhen Ouyang, Jiayi Miao, Jie Lin","doi":"10.1016/j.still.2024.106435","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2024.106435","url":null,"abstract":"Water erosion exerts a profound impact on the terrestrial C cycling and its source/sink patterns through strongly affecting soil respiration (<ce:italic>Rs</ce:italic>). However, the systematic mechanism of erosion-induced CO<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf> emissions remains inadequately elucidated. Herein, we conducted a one-year field experiment to examine the effects of erosion and deposition on <ce:italic>Rs</ce:italic>, as well as the relationships between different environmental factors and <ce:italic>Rs</ce:italic> on a typical eroded slope in southern China. Samples of the topsoil (0–20 cm), classified as <ce:italic>Ultisols</ce:italic>, were collected from four landscape positions (top, up, middle and toe) with different erosional and depositional characteristics along three transects. We also utilized Biolog-Eco microplates to investigate the response of soil microbial community function to water erosion. The results indicated the accumulative <ce:italic>Rs</ce:italic> significantly differed among different sites (<ce:italic>P</ce:italic> < 0.05), primarily in the order of mid-slope< up-slope< toe-slope< top-slope, with the maximum and minimum values of 18.75 and 9.75 t CO<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf> ha<ce:sup loc=\"post\">−1</ce:sup> yr<ce:sup loc=\"post\">−1</ce:sup>, respectively. Moreover, erosion remarkably reduced the soil organic carbon (SOC), nutrients, and the average well color development (AWCD) of the carbon sources in soil microbial communities, while deposition enhanced them. The Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) elucidated the multi-factor driving mechanism of erosional site, soil temperature (<ce:italic>T</ce:italic><ce:inf loc=\"post\"><ce:italic>s5</ce:italic></ce:inf>), moisture (<ce:italic>SWC</ce:italic><ce:inf loc=\"post\"><ce:italic>10</ce:italic></ce:inf>), microbial biomass carbon (MBC), SOC, and Shannon’s index on <ce:italic>Rs</ce:italic> (<ce:italic>R</ce:italic><ce:sup loc=\"post\"><ce:italic>2</ce:italic></ce:sup>=84.20 %). More importantly, SEM revealed that <ce:italic>T</ce:italic><ce:inf loc=\"post\"><ce:italic>s5</ce:italic></ce:inf>, <ce:italic>SWC</ce:italic><ce:inf loc=\"post\"><ce:italic>10</ce:italic></ce:inf>, MBC, SOC were the most significant predictors of <ce:italic>Rs</ce:italic>. In summary, <ce:italic>Rs</ce:italic> was regulated by the interplay of hydrothermal factors, soil properties, and microbial characteristics under erosion and deposition conditions. There is a need to incorporate additional soil properties other than the hydrothermal double-factor model. Our findings highlighted the importance of water erosion on <ce:italic>Rs</ce:italic> and clarified its driving mechanism, providing a theoretical basis for better predicting and managing carbon-climate feedbacks.","PeriodicalId":501007,"journal":{"name":"Soil and Tillage Research","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142925032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-02DOI: 10.1016/j.still.2024.106439
Shijie Qin, Lingling Liu, W. Richard Whalley, Hu Zhou, Tusheng Ren, Weida Gao
The role of macropores is often ignored in classical models for predicting root elongation using soil penetrometer resistance (PR). In this study, we propose an empirical model that includes the effects of macropores and PR on maize (Zea mays L.) root elongation rate (RER) and compare its performance with three previous models. Undisturbed soil cores were collected from an 11-yr tillage experiment (including no-tillage and conventional tillage systems) in Northeast China. For each soil core, soil bulk density (BD), penetrometer resistance (PR), air-filled porosity (AFP), and pore size distribution from water release characteristics, and RER of maize seedlings at a matric potential of −20 kPa were determined. Results showed that RER negatively correlated with BD, PR, and the volume of ε<6 (the volume of pores less than 6 µm), but it was positively correlated with the AFP and ε>60 (the volume of pores greater than 60 µm) (P < 0.001). RER exhibited a 50 % reduction when PR was over 1.3 MPa or AFP was below 10 %. Additionally, RER became less sensitive to PR change at PR values greater than 1.3 MPa. The new RER model, which accounts for the influences of PR and macroporosity (> 60 µm), performed better in predicting RER than the previous models, with a root mean square error (RMSE) of 0.36. The new model is useful in simulating maize root distribution under field conditions.
{"title":"An improved approach for estimating root elongation rate from penetrometer resistance and macropore porosity on a silty clay loam soil","authors":"Shijie Qin, Lingling Liu, W. Richard Whalley, Hu Zhou, Tusheng Ren, Weida Gao","doi":"10.1016/j.still.2024.106439","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2024.106439","url":null,"abstract":"The role of macropores is often ignored in classical models for predicting root elongation using soil penetrometer resistance (<ce:italic>PR</ce:italic>). In this study, we propose an empirical model that includes the effects of macropores and <ce:italic>PR</ce:italic> on maize (<ce:italic>Zea mays L</ce:italic>.) root elongation rate (<ce:italic>RER</ce:italic>) and compare its performance with three previous models. Undisturbed soil cores were collected from an 11-yr tillage experiment (including no-tillage and conventional tillage systems) in Northeast China. For each soil core, soil bulk density (<ce:italic>BD</ce:italic>), penetrometer resistance (<ce:italic>PR</ce:italic>), air-filled porosity <ce:italic>(AFP</ce:italic>), and pore size distribution from water release characteristics, and <ce:italic>RER</ce:italic> of maize seedlings at a matric potential of −20 kPa were determined. Results showed that <ce:italic>RER</ce:italic> negatively correlated with <ce:italic>BD</ce:italic>, <ce:italic>PR</ce:italic>, and the volume of <ce:italic>ε</ce:italic><ce:inf loc=\"post\"><6</ce:inf> (the volume of pores less than 6 µm), but it was positively correlated with the <ce:italic>AFP</ce:italic> and <ce:italic>ε</ce:italic><ce:inf loc=\"post\">>60</ce:inf> (the volume of pores greater than 60 µm) (<ce:italic>P</ce:italic> < 0.001). <ce:italic>RER</ce:italic> exhibited a 50 % reduction when <ce:italic>PR</ce:italic> was over 1.3 MPa or <ce:italic>AFP</ce:italic> was below 10 %. Additionally, <ce:italic>RER</ce:italic> became less sensitive to <ce:italic>PR</ce:italic> change at <ce:italic>PR</ce:italic> values greater than 1.3 MPa. The new <ce:italic>RER</ce:italic> model, which accounts for the influences of <ce:italic>PR</ce:italic> and macroporosity (> 60 µm), performed better in predicting <ce:italic>RER</ce:italic> than the previous models, with a root mean square error (<ce:italic>RMSE</ce:italic>) of 0.36. The new model is useful in simulating maize root distribution under field conditions.","PeriodicalId":501007,"journal":{"name":"Soil and Tillage Research","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142925029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are known to influence soil organic carbon (SOC) stock, but the mechanisms by which they affect SOC stability in the rhizosphere remains poorly understood. To address this gap, a 7-year field observation was conducted in a rainfed dryland maize field, with AMF inoculation, AMF exclusion (only benomyl treatment), and the control (no AMF and no benomyl). AMF introduction increased soil occluded particulate organic carbon (oPOC) and mineral-associated organic carbon (MAOC) contents by 15.6 % and 7.1 %, respectively, compared to the control. However, no significant changes were observed in free particulate organic carbon (fPOC) levels. As expected, AMF exclusion led to a general reduction in SOC content. Analyses of in situ13C labeling showed that AMF inoculation evidently promoted the retention of 13C in oPOC (13.6 %) and MAOC (5.4 %), thereby enhancing SOC stability. High-throughput sequencing results revealed that AMF inoculation led to significant increases in the diversity and abundance of rhizosphere fungal community, with higher co-occurrence network complexity. Meanwhile, the diversity and abundance of rhizosphere bacterial community were substantially reduced (p < 0.05). Importantly, long-term AMF inoculation was observed to weaken soil N stocks, and inhibit microbial hydrolase secretion for C sources. The findings suggest that AMF inoculation can conserve and stabilize SOC by enhancing fungal community proliferation, while reducing microbial extracellular enzyme activity through soil N depletion. Therefore, AMF can be considered rhizosphere carbon engineer that boost persistent carbon sink in drylands via selectively affecting SOC components. The findings provide new insights into global nature-based carbon neutrality strategies.
{"title":"The functional role of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in enhancing soil organic carbon stocks and stability in dryland","authors":"Meng-Ying Li, Wei Wang, Hai-Hong Yin, Yinglong Chen, Muhammad Ashraf, Hong-Yan Tao, Shi-Sheng Li, Wen-Ying Wang, Chang-Lang Yang, Yun-Li Xiao, Li Zhu, You-Cai Xiong","doi":"10.1016/j.still.2024.106443","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2024.106443","url":null,"abstract":"Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are known to influence soil organic carbon (SOC) stock, but the mechanisms by which they affect SOC stability in the rhizosphere remains poorly understood. To address this gap, a 7-year field observation was conducted in a rainfed dryland maize field, with AMF inoculation, AMF exclusion (only benomyl treatment), and the control (no AMF and no benomyl). AMF introduction increased soil occluded particulate organic carbon (oPOC) and mineral-associated organic carbon (MAOC) contents by 15.6 % and 7.1 %, respectively, compared to the control. However, no significant changes were observed in free particulate organic carbon (fPOC) levels. As expected, AMF exclusion led to a general reduction in SOC content. Analyses of <ce:italic>in situ</ce:italic><ce:sup loc=\"post\">13</ce:sup>C labeling showed that AMF inoculation evidently promoted the retention of <ce:sup loc=\"post\">13</ce:sup>C in oPOC (13.6 %) and MAOC (5.4 %), thereby enhancing SOC stability. High-throughput sequencing results revealed that AMF inoculation led to significant increases in the diversity and abundance of rhizosphere fungal community, with higher co-occurrence network complexity. Meanwhile, the diversity and abundance of rhizosphere bacterial community were substantially reduced (<ce:italic>p</ce:italic> < 0.05). Importantly, long-term AMF inoculation was observed to weaken soil N stocks, and inhibit microbial hydrolase secretion for C sources. The findings suggest that AMF inoculation can conserve and stabilize SOC by enhancing fungal community proliferation, while reducing microbial extracellular enzyme activity through soil N depletion. Therefore, AMF can be considered rhizosphere carbon engineer that boost persistent carbon sink in drylands via selectively affecting SOC components. The findings provide new insights into global nature-based carbon neutrality strategies.","PeriodicalId":501007,"journal":{"name":"Soil and Tillage Research","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142925027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-31DOI: 10.1016/j.still.2024.106427
Hui Yang, Manoj K. Shukla, John Begay
Uncultivated agricultural land management by leaving biomass of the last crop planted in the field can prevent soil health degradation over time. However, the effects of different uncultivated land management practices on soil organic carbon stock, total nitrogen stock, and soil health changes remain unclear. A field experiment from June 2021 to September 2023 investigated the effects of integrated crop residue-uncultivated land management. The treatments include winter wheat in fall then uncultivated with entire crop biomass left in the farm (WT); corn in summer then uncultivated with biomass (CT); bare or no vegetation (BT); and continuous annual irrigated winter wheat (CWT). The study focused on investigating changes in soil organic carbon (SOC), soil inorganic carbon (SIC), total carbon (TC), and total nitrogen (TN) in 100 cm soil depth and quantifying cost budgeting, energy budgeting, and carbon budgeting in various treatments. The results showed that the highest SOC stock for 0–100 cm soil depth (115.2 Mg/ha) with an increase of 49.6 % was observed in CWT. However, the SIC stocks in CWT were 37.4 %, 52.4 %, and 36.3 % lower than those in BT, CT, and WT, respectively. No significant differences in TN stocks were observed between the four treatments after 3-year implementations of land management, WT showed slightly higher TN stock in 100 cm depth than the other three treatments. Considering the budgets of cost, energy, and carbon, although CT had the highest net returns of 7726.3 US$/ha, WT increased surface coverage thereby enhancing the net energy (275776.4 MJ/ha), energy use efficiency (12.0), energy profitability (10.97), carbon efficiency (12.41) and carbon sustainability index (11.41), accompanied by second highest net returns of 6610.6 US$/ha. Planting winter wheat in one season and then leaving the land uncultivated, with the entire biomass left on the land, not only reduces soil degradation but also improves carbon and energy efficiency. This approach could be an effective solution for land management and groundwater conservation in the Lower Rio Grande Valley.
{"title":"Soil carbon, nitrogen dynamics, and energy, carbon budgeting in response to uncultivated land management with crop biomass in the southwestern US","authors":"Hui Yang, Manoj K. Shukla, John Begay","doi":"10.1016/j.still.2024.106427","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2024.106427","url":null,"abstract":"Uncultivated agricultural land management by leaving biomass of the last crop planted in the field can prevent soil health degradation over time. However, the effects of different uncultivated land management practices on soil organic carbon stock, total nitrogen stock, and soil health changes remain unclear. A field experiment from June 2021 to September 2023 investigated the effects of integrated crop residue-uncultivated land management. The treatments include winter wheat in fall then uncultivated with entire crop biomass left in the farm (WT); corn in summer then uncultivated with biomass (CT); bare or no vegetation (BT); and continuous annual irrigated winter wheat (CWT). The study focused on investigating changes in soil organic carbon (SOC), soil inorganic carbon (SIC), total carbon (TC), and total nitrogen (TN) in 100 cm soil depth and quantifying cost budgeting, energy budgeting, and carbon budgeting in various treatments. The results showed that the highest SOC stock for 0–100 cm soil depth (115.2 Mg/ha) with an increase of 49.6 % was observed in CWT. However, the SIC stocks in CWT were 37.4 %, 52.4 %, and 36.3 % lower than those in BT, CT, and WT, respectively. No significant differences in TN stocks were observed between the four treatments after 3-year implementations of land management, WT showed slightly higher TN stock in 100 cm depth than the other three treatments. Considering the budgets of cost, energy, and carbon, although CT had the highest net returns of 7726.3 US$/ha, WT increased surface coverage thereby enhancing the net energy (275776.4 MJ/ha), energy use efficiency (12.0), energy profitability (10.97), carbon efficiency (12.41) and carbon sustainability index (11.41), accompanied by second highest net returns of 6610.6 US$/ha. Planting winter wheat in one season and then leaving the land uncultivated, with the entire biomass left on the land, not only reduces soil degradation but also improves carbon and energy efficiency. This approach could be an effective solution for land management and groundwater conservation in the Lower Rio Grande Valley.","PeriodicalId":501007,"journal":{"name":"Soil and Tillage Research","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142925036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-31DOI: 10.1016/j.still.2024.106437
Lin Zhou, Jiangwen Li, Chenyang Xu, Wei Du, Zhe Liu, Feinan Hu
The degradation of soil structure in sandy regions undermines soil functionality and poses a significant threat to environmental sustainability. The incorporation of Pisha sandstone, a natural soil amendment, has been recognized as an effective intervention to reduce soil erosion and expand arable land in the Mu Us Sandy Land, China. However, the microstructural stability and resilience of amended sandy soil formed by mixing Pisha sandstone with sandy soils remain inadequately understood. This study aims to evaluate the effects of Pisha sandstone addition on the microstructural stability of sandy soils. Four amendment rates of Pisha sandstone (16.7 %, 33.3 %, 50 %, and 100 % w/w) and five water content levels (40 %-80 %) were tested. Key parameters related to microstructural stability and structural resilience were assessed using amplitude sweep and rotational shear tests via a rheometer. Results indicated that soil shear resistance (τLVR, τmax, τy), storage modulus (G'YP) and viscosity (η0) decreased with the addition of Pisha sandstone, attributed to its lubricating effect and swelling properties. Additionally, Pisha sandstone enhanced physical elasticity (γLVR) and structural recovery of sandy soil under conditions of low disturbance. However, when water content exceeded 50 %, the fluidity of the amended sandy soil increased with Pisha sandstone addition. The sandy soil with a Pisha sandstone addition rate of 16.7 % exhibited optimal structural elasticity, shear resistance, and stiffness. These findings provide valuable insights into the enhancement of sandy soil structural stability using Pisha sandstone, offering a scientific foundation for refining amendment ratios and advancing agricultural management practices.
{"title":"Effects of Pisha sandstone additions on microstructural stability of sandy soil in Mu Us Sandy Land, China","authors":"Lin Zhou, Jiangwen Li, Chenyang Xu, Wei Du, Zhe Liu, Feinan Hu","doi":"10.1016/j.still.2024.106437","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2024.106437","url":null,"abstract":"The degradation of soil structure in sandy regions undermines soil functionality and poses a significant threat to environmental sustainability. The incorporation of Pisha sandstone, a natural soil amendment, has been recognized as an effective intervention to reduce soil erosion and expand arable land in the Mu Us Sandy Land, China. However, the microstructural stability and resilience of amended sandy soil formed by mixing Pisha sandstone with sandy soils remain inadequately understood. This study aims to evaluate the effects of Pisha sandstone addition on the microstructural stability of sandy soils. Four amendment rates of Pisha sandstone (16.7 %, 33.3 %, 50 %, and 100 % w/w) and five water content levels (40 %-80 %) were tested. Key parameters related to microstructural stability and structural resilience were assessed using amplitude sweep and rotational shear tests via a rheometer. Results indicated that soil shear resistance (τ<ce:inf loc=\"post\">LVR</ce:inf>, τ<ce:inf loc=\"post\">max</ce:inf>, τ<ce:inf loc=\"post\">y</ce:inf>), storage modulus (G'<ce:inf loc=\"post\">YP</ce:inf>) and viscosity (η<ce:inf loc=\"post\">0</ce:inf>) decreased with the addition of Pisha sandstone, attributed to its lubricating effect and swelling properties. Additionally, Pisha sandstone enhanced physical elasticity (γ<ce:inf loc=\"post\">LVR</ce:inf>) and structural recovery of sandy soil under conditions of low disturbance. However, when water content exceeded 50 %, the fluidity of the amended sandy soil increased with Pisha sandstone addition. The sandy soil with a Pisha sandstone addition rate of 16.7 % exhibited optimal structural elasticity, shear resistance, and stiffness. These findings provide valuable insights into the enhancement of sandy soil structural stability using Pisha sandstone, offering a scientific foundation for refining amendment ratios and advancing agricultural management practices.","PeriodicalId":501007,"journal":{"name":"Soil and Tillage Research","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142925035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-31DOI: 10.1016/j.still.2024.106438
Jingyi Shao, Ling Liu, Jichao Cui, Hong Yang, Yecheng Zhang, Ruxin Li, Yi Lv, Yifei Ma, Qin Fang, Shengkai Sun, Siyu Chen, Huifang Han
Subsoiling is a well-known practice for improving soil structure, increasing soil nutrient content and enhancing crop growth. However, studies applying the coupling coordination analysis (CCA) model to reflect the coupling coordination between soil properties and crop production via subsoiling are still scarce. This study used the CCA to analyse the coupling coordination between soil properties and yield based on a long-term tillage positioning experiment. Tillage treatments included subsoiling (SS35 and SS40—subsoiling shovel) and rotary tillage (RT15—harrow blade, control). Soil pore structure was analysed using X-ray computed tomography and mercury injection tests. Results showed that SS35 and SS40 increased the macropore area by 82.0 %–130.7 % and the cumulative pore volume by 47.8 %–62.1 % in the 20–40 cm soil layer compared to RT15. This led to a 1.3 %–1.8 % increase in soil macro-aggregates, 9.0 %–14.5 % increase in mean weight diameter and 6.9 %–12.1 % increase in geometric mean diameter in case of SS35 and SS40 compared to RT15. These results indicated that subsoiling significantly enhanced the pore characteristics and aggregate stability in the 20–40 cm soil layer. The impact of SS40 on soil pore properties and aggregate stability surpassed that of SS35. As a result, SS35 and SS40 significantly increased carbon sequestration by 2.4 %–14.5 % and maize yield by 8.9 %–11.9 % compared to RT15. The CCA model analysis showed that SS35 and SS40 increased the coupling coordination (D) between soil properties and crop production compared to RT15, especially in the 30–40 cm soil layer. The D value was 0.617–0.899 for SS35 and 0.631–0.817 for SS40. This study provides new insights into quantifying the role of tillage for multi-indicators in the soil–crop system. The findings will guide policymakers in formulating for more sustainable tillage to improve crop production and ensure carbon mitigation.
{"title":"Enhancing the coupling coordination of soil–crop systems by optimising soil properties and crop production via subsoiling","authors":"Jingyi Shao, Ling Liu, Jichao Cui, Hong Yang, Yecheng Zhang, Ruxin Li, Yi Lv, Yifei Ma, Qin Fang, Shengkai Sun, Siyu Chen, Huifang Han","doi":"10.1016/j.still.2024.106438","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2024.106438","url":null,"abstract":"Subsoiling is a well-known practice for improving soil structure, increasing soil nutrient content and enhancing crop growth. However, studies applying the coupling coordination analysis (CCA) model to reflect the coupling coordination between soil properties and crop production via subsoiling are still scarce. This study used the CCA to analyse the coupling coordination between soil properties and yield based on a long-term tillage positioning experiment. Tillage treatments included subsoiling (SS35 and SS40—subsoiling shovel) and rotary tillage (RT15—harrow blade, control). Soil pore structure was analysed using X-ray computed tomography and mercury injection tests. Results showed that SS35 and SS40 increased the macropore area by 82.0 %–130.7 % and the cumulative pore volume by 47.8 %–62.1 % in the 20–40 cm soil layer compared to RT15. This led to a 1.3 %–1.8 % increase in soil macro-aggregates, 9.0 %–14.5 % increase in mean weight diameter and 6.9 %–12.1 % increase in geometric mean diameter in case of SS35 and SS40 compared to RT15. These results indicated that subsoiling significantly enhanced the pore characteristics and aggregate stability in the 20–40 cm soil layer. The impact of SS40 on soil pore properties and aggregate stability surpassed that of SS35. As a result, SS35 and SS40 significantly increased carbon sequestration by 2.4 %–14.5 % and maize yield by 8.9 %–11.9 % compared to RT15. The CCA model analysis showed that SS35 and SS40 increased the coupling coordination (D) between soil properties and crop production compared to RT15, especially in the 30–40 cm soil layer. The D value was 0.617–0.899 for SS35 and 0.631–0.817 for SS40. This study provides new insights into quantifying the role of tillage for multi-indicators in the soil–crop system. The findings will guide policymakers in formulating for more sustainable tillage to improve crop production and ensure carbon mitigation.","PeriodicalId":501007,"journal":{"name":"Soil and Tillage Research","volume":"66 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142925031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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