Sub‐Saharan African (SSA) nations face a dual fiscal challenge: the need to increase tax revenue mobilization and to manage revenue instability. This paper examines the causal impact of institutional quality on tax revenue stability in SSA from 2000 to 2020. Using UNU‐WIDER data and the System GMM technique, the study finds that institutional quality reduces tax revenue instability, with a stronger effect on indirect tax revenues than on direct taxes. This result is robust to changes in the measure of tax revenue instability, the measure of quality of institutions, the sample, and the time horizon. The effect is particularly pronounced in resource‐rich countries and in countries experiencing economic growth. The article's results are relevant to tax policy, specifically the necessary adjustments to improve tax revenue stability through institutional quality.
{"title":"Tax revenue instability in Sub‐Saharan Africa: Does institutional quality matter?","authors":"R. Nikièma, Mahamoudou Zore","doi":"10.1111/ajes.12598","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ajes.12598","url":null,"abstract":"Sub‐Saharan African (SSA) nations face a dual fiscal challenge: the need to increase tax revenue mobilization and to manage revenue instability. This paper examines the causal impact of institutional quality on tax revenue stability in SSA from 2000 to 2020. Using UNU‐WIDER data and the System GMM technique, the study finds that institutional quality reduces tax revenue instability, with a stronger effect on indirect tax revenues than on direct taxes. This result is robust to changes in the measure of tax revenue instability, the measure of quality of institutions, the sample, and the time horizon. The effect is particularly pronounced in resource‐rich countries and in countries experiencing economic growth. The article's results are relevant to tax policy, specifically the necessary adjustments to improve tax revenue stability through institutional quality.","PeriodicalId":501156,"journal":{"name":"The American Journal of Economics and Sociology","volume":"48 20","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141644447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Temporary migration to international destinations has many implications for the family members left behind. This paper discusses family economic theoretical perspectives and the family strategies that are adopted in Chitwan, Nepal. The family strategies include single united, split‐single generation, multigenerational, and split‐multigenerational households that are linked to the presence or absence of fathers and grandfathers. We examined how family strategies impact school outcomes, that is, school investment and school progress. We obtained three critical findings about family migration and structure strategies and school investment. First, multigenerational family strategies mitigated the negative association between siblings on educational investments. Second, split‐household strategies mitigated the negative associations between age and private school and between remittance dependency and top school fees. Third, family strategies shaped how ethnicity and caste influence educational investments as split‐household, multigenerational (and both) mitigated negative connection between the least powerful castes and ethnicities and school investment. Our findings did not show significant associations between family strategies and children's educational progress in Chitwan. Families in rural Nepal are responding to macrostructural changes, and there is a need for more research to better understand shifting family migration and household structure strategies, in all their complexities, and their implications for children in rural Nepal or other rural locations with a high temporary migration rate.
{"title":"Family strategies: Labor migration, multigenerational households, and children's schooling in Nepal","authors":"Mark Schafer, Krishna P. Paudel, Kamal Upadhyaya","doi":"10.1111/ajes.12597","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ajes.12597","url":null,"abstract":"Temporary migration to international destinations has many implications for the family members left behind. This paper discusses family economic theoretical perspectives and the family strategies that are adopted in Chitwan, Nepal. The family strategies include single united, split‐single generation, multigenerational, and split‐multigenerational households that are linked to the presence or absence of fathers and grandfathers. We examined how family strategies impact school outcomes, that is, school investment and school progress. We obtained three critical findings about family migration and structure strategies and school investment. First, multigenerational family strategies mitigated the negative association between siblings on educational investments. Second, split‐household strategies mitigated the negative associations between age and private school and between remittance dependency and top school fees. Third, family strategies shaped how ethnicity and caste influence educational investments as split‐household, multigenerational (and both) mitigated negative connection between the least powerful castes and ethnicities and school investment. Our findings did not show significant associations between family strategies and children's educational progress in Chitwan. Families in rural Nepal are responding to macrostructural changes, and there is a need for more research to better understand shifting family migration and household structure strategies, in all their complexities, and their implications for children in rural Nepal or other rural locations with a high temporary migration rate.","PeriodicalId":501156,"journal":{"name":"The American Journal of Economics and Sociology","volume":"49 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141652084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Climate change mitigation is a global imperative, necessitating multifaceted efforts from various sectors. This paper digs into civil society's critical role in mitigating climate change, focusing on the ways that civil society organizations empower communities, advocate for policy reforms, and implement grassroots projects. The goal of this study is to thoroughly examine civil society's various contributions to climate change mitigation and provide conclusions that can guide more effective collaboration strategies. The study's fundamental research topic is the need to understand the exact mechanisms by which civil society plays a crucial role in climate change mitigation. This includes their involvement in community empowerment, public awareness campaigns, legislative advocacy, and the of sustained programs. The study intends to offer light on the particular characteristics of civil society in stimulating climate action by exploring these aspects. This study adopts a mixed‐methods approach in its methodology in Ernakulam district, Kerala. It entails doing a qualitative analysis of case studies to examine the numerous ways in which civil society organizations work to mitigate climate change. Quantitative data are also collected to analyze the impact of their activities on policy reforms, community participation, and climate resilience. Civil society encourages communities to take ownership of climate action through education, capacity‐building, and resource allocation, supporting sustainable practices at the grassroots level. The study further demonstrates that civil society plays a significant part in holding the government to account regarding their climate guarantees. Their activities, such as renewable energy projects and sustainable agriculture practices, generate community‐led solutions that help to accomplish global climate targets while additionally enhancing local resilience. Furthermore, civil society promotes collaboration among the commercial sector, governments, and communities, leading to a more inclusive approach to climate change mitigation. These insights may assist policymakers, stakeholders, and civil society organizations develop more effective climate change mitigation strategies, thereby ensuring a sustainable and resilient future.
{"title":"Empowering change: The crucial role of civil society in climate change mitigation","authors":"Shilpa Angel P. A.","doi":"10.1111/ajes.12577","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ajes.12577","url":null,"abstract":"Climate change mitigation is a global imperative, necessitating multifaceted efforts from various sectors. This paper digs into civil society's critical role in mitigating climate change, focusing on the ways that civil society organizations empower communities, advocate for policy reforms, and implement grassroots projects. The goal of this study is to thoroughly examine civil society's various contributions to climate change mitigation and provide conclusions that can guide more effective collaboration strategies. The study's fundamental research topic is the need to understand the exact mechanisms by which civil society plays a crucial role in climate change mitigation. This includes their involvement in community empowerment, public awareness campaigns, legislative advocacy, and the of sustained programs. The study intends to offer light on the particular characteristics of civil society in stimulating climate action by exploring these aspects. This study adopts a mixed‐methods approach in its methodology in Ernakulam district, Kerala. It entails doing a qualitative analysis of case studies to examine the numerous ways in which civil society organizations work to mitigate climate change. Quantitative data are also collected to analyze the impact of their activities on policy reforms, community participation, and climate resilience. Civil society encourages communities to take ownership of climate action through education, capacity‐building, and resource allocation, supporting sustainable practices at the grassroots level. The study further demonstrates that civil society plays a significant part in holding the government to account regarding their climate guarantees. Their activities, such as renewable energy projects and sustainable agriculture practices, generate community‐led solutions that help to accomplish global climate targets while additionally enhancing local resilience. Furthermore, civil society promotes collaboration among the commercial sector, governments, and communities, leading to a more inclusive approach to climate change mitigation. These insights may assist policymakers, stakeholders, and civil society organizations develop more effective climate change mitigation strategies, thereby ensuring a sustainable and resilient future.","PeriodicalId":501156,"journal":{"name":"The American Journal of Economics and Sociology","volume":"7 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141111201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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