Thamer Diwan, Mustafa H. Al‐Furaiji, Zaidun N. Abudi, Mohammed Awad, Qusay F. Alsalhy
Oily wastewater poses a significant threat to human health and the environment, especially when it contains emulsified oil. Traditional treatment methods often fail to address this type of wastewater effectively. Therefore, developing advanced treatment methods to make such water suitable for various applications has become a pressing issue. The electrospinning technology has emerged as the most effective method due to its high separation efficiency. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the methodologies employed in nanofibres production across diverse techniques, along with concise insights. It also offers a survey of various methods for fabricating polymer membranes via the electrospinning technique, shedding light on the parameters affecting the electrospinning process. Furthermore, this review elucidates the fundamental concepts of membrane fouling, clarifying the mechanisms and factors contributing to fouling. We addressed advantages and disadvantages of methods used to create polymeric nanofibre membranes via the electrospinning technique. The needleless electrospinning technique eliminates the need for a nozzle to jet the nanofibres, preventing clogging. This method results in higher nanofibres production rates compared to the needle electrospinning technique. However, it does require a more complex setup. On the other hand, the needle electrospinning technique is often successfully employed in laboratory‐scale settings due to its more straightforward setup. However, it necessitates using a cleaning device for each needle, which can become impractical for nanofibre production. The main challenges facing electrospun nanofibrous membranes were also presented. The development of eco‐friendly nanofibers is outlined in the future perspective of this review.
{"title":"A critical review of membranes made of nanofibres polymeric materials for application of treating oily wastewater","authors":"Thamer Diwan, Mustafa H. Al‐Furaiji, Zaidun N. Abudi, Mohammed Awad, Qusay F. Alsalhy","doi":"10.1002/cjce.25449","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cjce.25449","url":null,"abstract":"Oily wastewater poses a significant threat to human health and the environment, especially when it contains emulsified oil. Traditional treatment methods often fail to address this type of wastewater effectively. Therefore, developing advanced treatment methods to make such water suitable for various applications has become a pressing issue. The electrospinning technology has emerged as the most effective method due to its high separation efficiency. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the methodologies employed in nanofibres production across diverse techniques, along with concise insights. It also offers a survey of various methods for fabricating polymer membranes via the electrospinning technique, shedding light on the parameters affecting the electrospinning process. Furthermore, this review elucidates the fundamental concepts of membrane fouling, clarifying the mechanisms and factors contributing to fouling. We addressed advantages and disadvantages of methods used to create polymeric nanofibre membranes via the electrospinning technique. The needleless electrospinning technique eliminates the need for a nozzle to jet the nanofibres, preventing clogging. This method results in higher nanofibres production rates compared to the needle electrospinning technique. However, it does require a more complex setup. On the other hand, the needle electrospinning technique is often successfully employed in laboratory‐scale settings due to its more straightforward setup. However, it necessitates using a cleaning device for each needle, which can become impractical for nanofibre production. The main challenges facing electrospun nanofibrous membranes were also presented. The development of eco‐friendly nanofibers is outlined in the future perspective of this review.","PeriodicalId":501204,"journal":{"name":"The Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering","volume":"64 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142195305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Prior to investigating the guest gas replacement characteristics, the estimation of equilibrium condition for the coexisting hydrate–liquid–vapour (HLV) phases is crucial. For this, there are various studies which have reported the physical thermodynamic model for equilibrium estimation. In this contribution, a data‐driven formulation is developed as an alternative approach within the framework of artificial intelligence (AI) to predict the three‐phase equilibrium of binary and ternary mixed hydrates associated with guest swapping at diverse geological conditions. For this, we use the experimental data sets related to guest (pure and mixed CO2) replacement in hydrate structures with and without salts (i.e., single and multiple salts of NaCl, KCl, and CaCl2). Various training algorithms, namely Levenberg–Marquardt (LM), scaled conjugate gradient (SCG), Broyden–Fletcher–Goldfarb–Shanno (BFGS) quasi‐Newton, and Bayesian regularization (BR), are employed to formulate the artificial neural network (ANN) model. Performing a systematic comparison between them, we select the best option suited for the hydrate system. The best performing ANN model is compared with an existing physical thermodynamic model for predicting the equilibrium condition in pure water. It is observed that the ANN (BR) model consistently secures the lower percent absolute average relative deviation (i.e., %AARD <2%) than the latest physical model. Finally, the developed AI model is extended to predict the three‐phase HLV equilibrium in presence of salt solutions.
{"title":"Predicting three phase (hydrate–liquid–vapour) equilibria of mixed hydrates in guest gas swapping: AI‐based approach versus physical modelling","authors":"Gauri Shankar Patel, Amiya K. Jana","doi":"10.1002/cjce.25451","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cjce.25451","url":null,"abstract":"Prior to investigating the guest gas replacement characteristics, the estimation of equilibrium condition for the coexisting hydrate–liquid–vapour (HLV) phases is crucial. For this, there are various studies which have reported the physical thermodynamic model for equilibrium estimation. In this contribution, a data‐driven formulation is developed as an alternative approach within the framework of artificial intelligence (AI) to predict the three‐phase equilibrium of binary and ternary mixed hydrates associated with guest swapping at diverse geological conditions. For this, we use the experimental data sets related to guest (pure and mixed CO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>) replacement in hydrate structures with and without salts (i.e., single and multiple salts of NaCl, KCl, and CaCl<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>). Various training algorithms, namely Levenberg–Marquardt (LM), scaled conjugate gradient (SCG), Broyden–Fletcher–Goldfarb–Shanno (BFGS) quasi‐Newton, and Bayesian regularization (BR), are employed to formulate the artificial neural network (ANN) model. Performing a systematic comparison between them, we select the best option suited for the hydrate system. The best performing ANN model is compared with an existing physical thermodynamic model for predicting the equilibrium condition in pure water. It is observed that the ANN (BR) model consistently secures the lower percent absolute average relative deviation (i.e., %AARD <2%) than the latest physical model. Finally, the developed AI model is extended to predict the three‐phase HLV equilibrium in presence of salt solutions.","PeriodicalId":501204,"journal":{"name":"The Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142195340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Recent advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) have significantly influenced scientific discovery and analysis, including liquid crystals. This paper reviews the use of AI in predicting the properties of liquid crystals and improving their sensing applications. Typically, liquid crystals are utilized as sensors in biomedical detection and diagnostics, and in the detection of heavy metal ions and gases. Traditional methods of analysis used in these applications are often subjective, expensive, and time‐consuming. To surmount these challenges, AI methods such as convolutional neural networks (CNN) and support vector machines (SVM) have been recently utilized to predict liquid crystal properties and improve the resulting performance of the sensing applications. Large amounts of data are, however, required to fully realize the potential of AI methods, which would also need adequate ethical oversight. In addition to experiments, modelling approaches utilizing first principles as well as AI may be employed to supplement and furnish the data. In summary, the review indicates that AI methods hold great promise in the further development of the liquid crystal technology.
{"title":"The use of artificial intelligence in liquid crystal applications: A review","authors":"Sarah Chattha, Philip K. Chan, Simant R. Upreti","doi":"10.1002/cjce.25452","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cjce.25452","url":null,"abstract":"Recent advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) have significantly influenced scientific discovery and analysis, including liquid crystals. This paper reviews the use of AI in predicting the properties of liquid crystals and improving their sensing applications. Typically, liquid crystals are utilized as sensors in biomedical detection and diagnostics, and in the detection of heavy metal ions and gases. Traditional methods of analysis used in these applications are often subjective, expensive, and time‐consuming. To surmount these challenges, AI methods such as convolutional neural networks (CNN) and support vector machines (SVM) have been recently utilized to predict liquid crystal properties and improve the resulting performance of the sensing applications. Large amounts of data are, however, required to fully realize the potential of AI methods, which would also need adequate ethical oversight. In addition to experiments, modelling approaches utilizing first principles as well as AI may be employed to supplement and furnish the data. In summary, the review indicates that AI methods hold great promise in the further development of the liquid crystal technology.","PeriodicalId":501204,"journal":{"name":"The Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142195306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zhong Tang, Zhenzhong Li, Shanglong Huang, Chen Yang
The existing researches lack the comprehensive comparison of the performance of two‐fluid model (TFM) and computational fluid dynamics‐discrete element model (CFD‐DEM) using a cylindrical fluidized bed as a research object. In addition, the applicability of rotational periodic boundary conditions in CFD‐DEM simulations of cylindrical fluidized beds is still unclear. Therefore, taking cylindrical fluidized bed as the object and studying the performance of different simulation methods can provide guidance for the selection of simulation methods in subsequent related studies. In the present study, TFM and coarse‐grained CFD‐DEM were used in simulations of the fluidized bed to evaluate the performance of different numerical methods. Furthermore, the applicability of rotating periodic boundary conditions in CFD‐DEM simulations was investigated. The results show that TFM and coarse‐grained CFD‐DEM perform in general agreement in predicting macro variables (e.g., overall pressure drop and bed height). However, radial void fraction distribution and void fraction probability density function (PDF) distribution of CFD‐DEM agreed better with the experimental data. CFD‐DEM simulations with rotational periodic boundary conditions applied showed lower predicted void fraction PDF peaks at packed bed heights and poorly modelling particle mixing in the central of cylindrical fluidized bed due to changes in the boundary conditions as well as the number of particle parcels. Therefore, both TFM and CFD‐DEM can obtain reasonable macro variables, but CFD‐DEM predicted more accurate gas–solid two‐phase distribution. The CFD‐DEM with rotating periodic boundary conditions could not reasonably predict the pressure drop and gas–solid two‐phase distribution inside the cylindrical fluidized bed.
{"title":"Numerical study of gas–solid flow characteristics of cylindrical fluidized beds based on coarse‐grained CFD‐DEM method","authors":"Zhong Tang, Zhenzhong Li, Shanglong Huang, Chen Yang","doi":"10.1002/cjce.25455","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cjce.25455","url":null,"abstract":"The existing researches lack the comprehensive comparison of the performance of two‐fluid model (TFM) and computational fluid dynamics‐discrete element model (CFD‐DEM) using a cylindrical fluidized bed as a research object. In addition, the applicability of rotational periodic boundary conditions in CFD‐DEM simulations of cylindrical fluidized beds is still unclear. Therefore, taking cylindrical fluidized bed as the object and studying the performance of different simulation methods can provide guidance for the selection of simulation methods in subsequent related studies. In the present study, TFM and coarse‐grained CFD‐DEM were used in simulations of the fluidized bed to evaluate the performance of different numerical methods. Furthermore, the applicability of rotating periodic boundary conditions in CFD‐DEM simulations was investigated. The results show that TFM and coarse‐grained CFD‐DEM perform in general agreement in predicting macro variables (e.g., overall pressure drop and bed height). However, radial void fraction distribution and void fraction probability density function (PDF) distribution of CFD‐DEM agreed better with the experimental data. CFD‐DEM simulations with rotational periodic boundary conditions applied showed lower predicted void fraction PDF peaks at packed bed heights and poorly modelling particle mixing in the central of cylindrical fluidized bed due to changes in the boundary conditions as well as the number of particle parcels. Therefore, both TFM and CFD‐DEM can obtain reasonable macro variables, but CFD‐DEM predicted more accurate gas–solid two‐phase distribution. The CFD‐DEM with rotating periodic boundary conditions could not reasonably predict the pressure drop and gas–solid two‐phase distribution inside the cylindrical fluidized bed.","PeriodicalId":501204,"journal":{"name":"The Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering","volume":"109 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142195338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tight sandstone contains a large number of oil and gas resources, but because of its ultra‐low porosity, permeability, and strong hydrophilicity, the oil recovery is low. Microfluidic technology, as an emerging research technique, offers advantages in visualizing fluid flow, reducing experimental reagent consumption, and accurately simulating the pore structure of sandstone using microfluidic chips. This study presents an effective research methodology for improving tertiary oil recovery efficiency in sandstone. By analyzing pore slice images of sandstone cores and employing image processing techniques, the study extracted characteristic dimensions of the sandstone and designed a microfluidic chip. A displacement system was constructed using high‐speed cameras, constant‐pressure pumps, and microscopes to monitor the oil displacement process. A bubble generation device based on ultrafiltration membranes was proposed to introduce generated bubbles into the microfluidic chip with a sandstone structure for oil displacement studies. Real‐time monitoring of the displacement process was conducted. Water and foam were used as displacing agents to investigate the displacement process in the microfluidic chip mimicking the sandstone core structure. Additionally, analysis and comparison were performed on foam formulation, surfactant concentration, and foam proportion, quantitatively evaluating the oil displacement efficiency under various experimental conditions. The proposed research is helpful for the understanding of the foam flooding process on a micro‐scale and of significant application potential for the enhanced oil recovery of sandstone reservoirs.
{"title":"A study on enhancing oil recovery efficiency through bubble displacement based on microfluidic technology","authors":"Fan Xu, Yujie Jin, Yiqiang Fan","doi":"10.1002/cjce.25456","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cjce.25456","url":null,"abstract":"Tight sandstone contains a large number of oil and gas resources, but because of its ultra‐low porosity, permeability, and strong hydrophilicity, the oil recovery is low. Microfluidic technology, as an emerging research technique, offers advantages in visualizing fluid flow, reducing experimental reagent consumption, and accurately simulating the pore structure of sandstone using microfluidic chips. This study presents an effective research methodology for improving tertiary oil recovery efficiency in sandstone. By analyzing pore slice images of sandstone cores and employing image processing techniques, the study extracted characteristic dimensions of the sandstone and designed a microfluidic chip. A displacement system was constructed using high‐speed cameras, constant‐pressure pumps, and microscopes to monitor the oil displacement process. A bubble generation device based on ultrafiltration membranes was proposed to introduce generated bubbles into the microfluidic chip with a sandstone structure for oil displacement studies. Real‐time monitoring of the displacement process was conducted. Water and foam were used as displacing agents to investigate the displacement process in the microfluidic chip mimicking the sandstone core structure. Additionally, analysis and comparison were performed on foam formulation, surfactant concentration, and foam proportion, quantitatively evaluating the oil displacement efficiency under various experimental conditions. The proposed research is helpful for the understanding of the foam flooding process on a micro‐scale and of significant application potential for the enhanced oil recovery of sandstone reservoirs.","PeriodicalId":501204,"journal":{"name":"The Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering","volume":"55 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142195339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kanta Nakano, Numan Luthfi, Takashi Fukushima, Kenji Takisawa
Recently, the depletion of fossil fuels has become an issue, prompting the search for sustainable alternatives. Algal biomass has gained considerable attention as a promising renewable energy source because of its high production efficiency and adaptability to external environment. However, its high‐moisture content escalates the energy requirement during the thermal drying process in algal biomass production. Thus, we proposed a new energy production system using hydrothermal carbonization, which requires no pretreatment even for high moisture content biomass, making it compatible with such materials. Herein, we investigated the decrease in moisture content of algal biomass through hydrothermal carbonization and its effect on the energy production and energy balance of algal biomass. The results showed that hydrothermal carbonization at 240°C for 3 h produced hydrochar with a moisture content of 34.6%. It was found that it was due to changes in surface structures, such as CH, CO, and OH functional groups, using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared (FT‐IR) analysis. However, the greatest reduction in production energy, 45%, was achieved at 240°C for 4 h. The optimal energy balance was obtained for hydrothermal carbonization at 220°C for 4 h, for which energy production was 2.7 times more efficient than that achieved by conventional methods.
{"title":"Optimizing hydrothermal carbonization for enhanced energy production from algal biomass with high moisture content","authors":"Kanta Nakano, Numan Luthfi, Takashi Fukushima, Kenji Takisawa","doi":"10.1002/cjce.25457","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cjce.25457","url":null,"abstract":"Recently, the depletion of fossil fuels has become an issue, prompting the search for sustainable alternatives. Algal biomass has gained considerable attention as a promising renewable energy source because of its high production efficiency and adaptability to external environment. However, its high‐moisture content escalates the energy requirement during the thermal drying process in algal biomass production. Thus, we proposed a new energy production system using hydrothermal carbonization, which requires no pretreatment even for high moisture content biomass, making it compatible with such materials. Herein, we investigated the decrease in moisture content of algal biomass through hydrothermal carbonization and its effect on the energy production and energy balance of algal biomass. The results showed that hydrothermal carbonization at 240°C for 3 h produced hydrochar with a moisture content of 34.6%. It was found that it was due to changes in surface structures, such as CH, CO, and OH functional groups, using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared (FT‐IR) analysis. However, the greatest reduction in production energy, 45%, was achieved at 240°C for 4 h. The optimal energy balance was obtained for hydrothermal carbonization at 220°C for 4 h, for which energy production was 2.7 times more efficient than that achieved by conventional methods.","PeriodicalId":501204,"journal":{"name":"The Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142195343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mark Werner Hlawitschka, Andreas Schleiffer, Jonas Schurr, Stephan Winkler, Daniel Danner
A novel micro‐channel technique for analyzing the coalescence of bubbles and obtaining relevant information for the creation of a coalescence database is presented. The micro‐channel improves the coalescence investigations by a continuously operated setup, reduces the accumulation of impurities and increases the amount of recorded data. To introduce the new setup, studies with alcoholic, electrolytic aqueous systems and liquid silicone oil as a second liquid are presented, showing the influence of different concentrations. Artificial intelligence has been successfully developed to automate data generation. This approach improves the understanding of bubble coalescence by introducing a reproducible setup. Furthermore, it facilitates the transition to a predictive column design through data‐based decisions and modelling.
{"title":"Coalescence investigations in a small‐scale continuously operated setup for bubble column design","authors":"Mark Werner Hlawitschka, Andreas Schleiffer, Jonas Schurr, Stephan Winkler, Daniel Danner","doi":"10.1002/cjce.25458","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cjce.25458","url":null,"abstract":"A novel micro‐channel technique for analyzing the coalescence of bubbles and obtaining relevant information for the creation of a coalescence database is presented. The micro‐channel improves the coalescence investigations by a continuously operated setup, reduces the accumulation of impurities and increases the amount of recorded data. To introduce the new setup, studies with alcoholic, electrolytic aqueous systems and liquid silicone oil as a second liquid are presented, showing the influence of different concentrations. Artificial intelligence has been successfully developed to automate data generation. This approach improves the understanding of bubble coalescence by introducing a reproducible setup. Furthermore, it facilitates the transition to a predictive column design through data‐based decisions and modelling.","PeriodicalId":501204,"journal":{"name":"The Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering","volume":"77 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142195344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mohammad Rajab Al‐Majali, Mingcong Zhang, Yahya T. Al‐Majali, Jason P. Trembly
Carbon foam materials are currently used in several industrial and engineering applications due to their outstanding properties. The properties of carbon foam can be altered through the manufacturing processes applied in specific applications. In this paper, we collected and analyzed four samples manufactured by CFOAM and one sample developed by Ohio University (OU) to understand the behaviour of this material and determine its properties. We utilized advanced techniques to experimentally measure and determine the following properties: pore size and volume, porosity, specific surface area, mass, density, and thermal conductivity. Among the samples, the low‐porosity CFOAM (CF35) and the OU sample exhibited higher specific surface areas and densities compared to the others. However, CF35 demonstrated the highest thermal conductivity, while OU displayed the lowest. As a result, CF35 emerges as the optimal choice for applications requiring high‐rate heat transfer, while the remaining CFOAM samples are well‐suited for lightweight applications. Thus, OU foam proves to be a highly suitable candidate for insulation applications such as building sidewalls.
碳泡沫材料因其出色的性能，目前已被广泛应用于多个工业和工程领域。在具体应用中，碳泡沫的特性可通过制造工艺发生改变。在本文中，我们收集并分析了 CFOAM 生产的四个样品和俄亥俄大学（OU）开发的一个样品，以了解这种材料的行为并确定其特性。我们利用先进的技术，通过实验测量并确定了以下特性：孔径和体积、孔隙率、比表面积、质量、密度和热导率。与其他样品相比，低孔隙率 CFOAM（CF35）和 OU 样品表现出更高的比表面积和密度。然而，CF35 的热导率最高，而 OU 的热导率最低。因此，CF35 成为需要高速传热的应用的最佳选择，而其余 CFOAM 样品则非常适合轻质应用。因此，事实证明 OU 泡沫非常适合建筑侧墙等隔热应用。
{"title":"Impact of raw material on thermo‐physical properties of carbon foam","authors":"Mohammad Rajab Al‐Majali, Mingcong Zhang, Yahya T. Al‐Majali, Jason P. Trembly","doi":"10.1002/cjce.25448","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cjce.25448","url":null,"abstract":"Carbon foam materials are currently used in several industrial and engineering applications due to their outstanding properties. The properties of carbon foam can be altered through the manufacturing processes applied in specific applications. In this paper, we collected and analyzed four samples manufactured by CFOAM and one sample developed by Ohio University (OU) to understand the behaviour of this material and determine its properties. We utilized advanced techniques to experimentally measure and determine the following properties: pore size and volume, porosity, specific surface area, mass, density, and thermal conductivity. Among the samples, the low‐porosity CFOAM (CF35) and the OU sample exhibited higher specific surface areas and densities compared to the others. However, CF35 demonstrated the highest thermal conductivity, while OU displayed the lowest. As a result, CF35 emerges as the optimal choice for applications requiring high‐rate heat transfer, while the remaining CFOAM samples are well‐suited for lightweight applications. Thus, OU foam proves to be a highly suitable candidate for insulation applications such as building sidewalls.","PeriodicalId":501204,"journal":{"name":"The Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142195345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In order to obtain the laws of the bubble's dynamic behaviours, the interFoam solver in OpenFOAM was used to simulate the bubbles, and the experimental device was built to prove the reliability of the results. The Eötvös number (Eo) and the Galileo number (Ga) were used to classify the bubbles into four regions according to their different dynamic behaviours: straight line without deformation region, slight zigzag without deformation region, zigzag with slight deformation region, and zigzag with strong deformation region. Eo of bubbles in the straight line without deformation region is extremely small and is greatly influenced by surface tension. The bubbles do not deform and rise linearly along the axis of symmetry. Eo of bubbles in the slight zigzag without deformation region is still small and the bubbles do not deform, but the path is curved for a period of time. As the value of Eo increases, the bubble in the zigzag with the slight deformation region is weakened. The path is a regular zigzag, and the axisymmetric structure of the bubbles is destroyed. In the zigzag with the strong deformation region, the values of Eo and Ga are large. The path amplitude increases and the periodic law is broken. The bubble's deformation and vortex shedding interact with each other, both of which are the causes of the bubble's path instability.
为了获得气泡动态行为的规律，利用 OpenFOAM 中的 interFoam 求解器对气泡进行了模拟，并建立了实验装置来证明结果的可靠性。根据气泡的不同动态行为，用埃特沃斯数（Eo）和伽利略数（Ga）将气泡分为四个区域：直线无变形区、轻微之字形无变形区、之字形轻微变形区和之字形强变形区。无变形直线区气泡的 Eo 值非常小，受表面张力的影响很大。气泡不变形，沿对称轴线性上升。在轻微之字形无变形区域，气泡的 Eo 值仍然很小，气泡不会变形，但在一段时间内路径是弯曲的。随着 Eo 值的增大，轻微变形之字形区域中的气泡变弱。路径变成规则的之字形，气泡的轴对称结构被破坏。在强变形之字形区域，Eo 和 Ga 值较大。路径振幅增大，周期性规律被打破。气泡的变形和涡流脱落相互作用，两者都是气泡路径不稳定的原因。
{"title":"Investigation of instability in the dynamic behaviour of a bubble","authors":"Qiang Li, Shaobo Lu, Jialin Liu, Mao Lei, Jiahan Gao, Weiwei Xu","doi":"10.1002/cjce.25444","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cjce.25444","url":null,"abstract":"In order to obtain the laws of the bubble's dynamic behaviours, the interFoam solver in OpenFOAM was used to simulate the bubbles, and the experimental device was built to prove the reliability of the results. The Eötvös number (Eo) and the Galileo number (Ga) were used to classify the bubbles into four regions according to their different dynamic behaviours: straight line without deformation region, slight zigzag without deformation region, zigzag with slight deformation region, and zigzag with strong deformation region. Eo of bubbles in the straight line without deformation region is extremely small and is greatly influenced by surface tension. The bubbles do not deform and rise linearly along the axis of symmetry. Eo of bubbles in the slight zigzag without deformation region is still small and the bubbles do not deform, but the path is curved for a period of time. As the value of Eo increases, the bubble in the zigzag with the slight deformation region is weakened. The path is a regular zigzag, and the axisymmetric structure of the bubbles is destroyed. In the zigzag with the strong deformation region, the values of Eo and Ga are large. The path amplitude increases and the periodic law is broken. The bubble's deformation and vortex shedding interact with each other, both of which are the causes of the bubble's path instability.","PeriodicalId":501204,"journal":{"name":"The Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141931509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jiaqi Yao, Yue Sun, Yan Liu, Yingpeng Gu, Weisheng Zheng
Aromatic sulfonic acids (ASAs) play a pivotal role as essential intermediates in numerous industrial manufacturing, while a large amount wastewater with various ASAs and high concentration of inorganic salts is subsequently generated. The effective separation and removal of ASAs from wastewater is challenging due to their complex chemical composition and the limited selectivity of common adsorbents. Herein, a novel surface imprinted polymer (H‐SIP) with high selectivity and excellent salt resistance was designed with PEI/Cl‐PS‐DVB as the carrier and 1‐amino‐8‐naphthol‐3,6‐disulfonic acid (H‐acid) as the target pollutant. Compared to non‐imprinted polymer (NIP), H‐SIP exhibited superior salt resistance in the presence of Na2SO4 concentration ranging from 20 to 80 mg/L. The relative selectivity coefficients determined in the binary‐solutes experiments proved that H‐SIP demonstrated favourable selectivity towards H‐acid in binary systems of H‐acid/T‐acid or H‐acid/2‐NSA. Moreover, H‐SIP could effectively treat the simulated complex wastewater within 24 bed volume (BV) in the column adsorption, and the desorption rate exceeded 90% when eluted by NaOH solution and distilled water, respectively. Therefore, these results confirmed that surface imprinting technique was a promising method for effectively and selectively removal of ASA wastewater in the application.
{"title":"Selective adsorption of aromatic sulfonic acid from wastewater using a surface imprinted polymer: H‐acid as a representative contaminant","authors":"Jiaqi Yao, Yue Sun, Yan Liu, Yingpeng Gu, Weisheng Zheng","doi":"10.1002/cjce.25432","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cjce.25432","url":null,"abstract":"Aromatic sulfonic acids (ASAs) play a pivotal role as essential intermediates in numerous industrial manufacturing, while a large amount wastewater with various ASAs and high concentration of inorganic salts is subsequently generated. The effective separation and removal of ASAs from wastewater is challenging due to their complex chemical composition and the limited selectivity of common adsorbents. Herein, a novel surface imprinted polymer (H‐SIP) with high selectivity and excellent salt resistance was designed with PEI/Cl‐PS‐DVB as the carrier and 1‐amino‐8‐naphthol‐3,6‐disulfonic acid (H‐acid) as the target pollutant. Compared to non‐imprinted polymer (NIP), H‐SIP exhibited superior salt resistance in the presence of Na<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>SO<jats:sub>4</jats:sub> concentration ranging from 20 to 80 mg/L. The relative selectivity coefficients determined in the binary‐solutes experiments proved that H‐SIP demonstrated favourable selectivity towards H‐acid in binary systems of H‐acid/T‐acid or H‐acid/2‐NSA. Moreover, H‐SIP could effectively treat the simulated complex wastewater within 24 bed volume (BV) in the column adsorption, and the desorption rate exceeded 90% when eluted by NaOH solution and distilled water, respectively. Therefore, these results confirmed that surface imprinting technique was a promising method for effectively and selectively removal of ASA wastewater in the application.","PeriodicalId":501204,"journal":{"name":"The Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141931456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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