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Comparism of Response Surface Methodology (RSM) and Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference Systems (ANFIS) in Optimisation of Soybean Soapstock Biodiesel Production 响应面法(RSM)与自适应神经模糊推理系统(ANFIS)在优化大豆皂素生物柴油生产中的比较
Pub Date : 2024-07-08 DOI: 10.11648/j.advances.20240502.13
Chinedu Mbah, Francisca Nwafulugo, N. Ezetoha
Soybean soapstock (SS), a lipid rich by-product of soybean oil production is a promising feedstock for the production ofbiodiesel due to its availability and affordability. In the esterification and transesterification reactions involving soyabeansoapstock, sodium hydroxide, methanol and n-hexane were used as catalyst, solvent and co-solvent respectively. The physico-chemical properties of the biodiesel obtained were determinedusing the Association of Analytical Chemist (AOAC) and American Society of Testing Materials (ASTM) methods. The esterification and transesterification reactions were optimised using both response surface methodology (RSM) under design expert 7.0 platform and Particle swarm technique in ANFIS (ANFIS-PSO) using the MATLAB software. The optimized acid value from the esterification reaction using RSM and ANFIS-PSO were 4.956 and 1.488 while the yield obtained were 97.29% and 99.91%respectively with ANFIS-PSO proving to be the better optimization technique in both cases. Comparison plots made for both reactions shows the ANFIS-PSO curve mirroring the experimental and thus signifying a closer trend when compared to the RSM curve. The suitability of the ANFIS-PSO prediction was further highlighted by the error analysis carried out on both techniques. The Residual sum of squares (RSS), Mean absolute error (MAE), Root mean square error (RMSE), Correlation coefficient (R), Coefficient of determination (R2), Adjusted R2, Absolute average deviation (AAD) and Mean absolute percent error (MAPE) values for the ANFIS-PSO predictions in both reactions were better than the RSM predictions. It can thus be concluded that soybean soapstock is a viable feedstock for biodiesel production and ANFIS-PSO is a more efficient optimization technique when compared with RSM in esterification and transesterification of soybean soapstock.
大豆皂素(SS)是大豆油生产过程中产生的一种富含脂质的副产品,由于其可获得性和经济性,是一种很有前景的生物柴油生产原料。在涉及大豆皂基的酯化和酯交换反应中,氢氧化钠、甲醇和正己烷分别用作催化剂、溶剂和助溶剂。采用分析化学家协会 (AOAC) 和美国试验材料协会 (ASTM) 的方法测定了生物柴油的物理化学性质。在 design expert 7.0 平台下使用响应面方法 (RSM),在 MATLAB 软件中使用 ANFIS 粒子群技术 (ANFIS-PSO),对酯化和酯交换反应进行了优化。使用 RSM 和 ANFIS-PSO 进行酯化反应的优化酸值分别为 4.956 和 1.488,而 ANFIS-PSO 的产率分别为 97.29% 和 99.91%,证明 ANFIS-PSO 在两种情况下都是更好的优化技术。对两种反应绘制的对比图显示,ANFIS-PSO 曲线反映了实验结果,因此与 RSM 曲线相比,趋势更为接近。对这两种技术进行的误差分析进一步凸显了 ANFIS-PSO 预测的适用性。在两种反应中,ANFIS-PSO 预测的残差平方和 (RSS)、平均绝对误差 (MAE)、均方根误差 (RMSE)、相关系数 (R)、判定系数 (R2)、调整后 R2、绝对平均偏差 (AAD) 和平均绝对百分比误差 (MAPE) 值均优于 RSM 预测。因此可以得出结论,大豆皂素是生产生物柴油的可行原料,在大豆皂素的酯化和酯交换反应中,与 RSM 相比,ANFIS-PSO 是一种更有效的优化技术。
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引用次数: 0
Evaluating the Onfarm Performance of True Seed Shallot Varieties in Northwest Ethiopia 评估埃塞俄比亚西北部真种葱品种的农田表现
Pub Date : 2024-07-03 DOI: 10.11648/j.advances.20240502.12
A. Gashu, A. Beyene
Shallot (Allium cepa L. var. aggregatum) is an important vegetable crop in Ethiopia, but its production has declined in recent years due to a lack of true seed-propagated varieties. This study aimed to demonstrate and evaluate the performance of true seed shallot varieties in three districts of the Amhara region: Fogera, Libokemkem, and Dera. The study involved the participation of host farmers in variety demonstrations and the evaluation of the demonstrated varieties by experienced farmers. Two true seed shallot varieties, DZsht-157-1B and DZsht-91-2B, were compared to the local Bombay red variety. Bulb yield data was collected from one-meter square quadrants, and farmers' preferences were assessed using a direct matrix ranking approach. The results showed that the true seed shallot varieties outperformed the local Bombay red variety in terms of bulb yield. In the Fogera district, DZsht-157-1B and DZsht-91-2B had 40.1% and 0.3% higher bulb yields, respectively, compared to Bombay red. In the Libokemkem district, DZsht-91-2B had a 4.2% yield advantage over the local variety. The farmer evaluation results revealed that the true seed shallot varieties were preferred over the local Bombay red variety in various aspects, such as higher bulb yield, redness, and prolonged food span. The findings of this study suggest that the true seed shallot varieties have the potential to improve shallot production in the study areas and potentially in other parts of Ethiopia. To promote the adoption of these varieties, it is crucial to ensure the availability and accessibility of high-quality seeds to farmers, as well as to educate them on the importance of maintaining the true seed to bulb and bulb to true seed cycle. This will enable the continuous propagation of the true seed shallot varieties and ensure a sustainable supply of high-quality planting material, contributing to the revitalization of shallot production in Ethiopia and enhancing the livelihoods of smallholder farmers.
大葱(Allium cepa L. var. aggregatum)是埃塞俄比亚的一种重要蔬菜作物,但由于缺乏真正的种子繁殖品种,其产量近年来有所下降。本研究旨在展示和评估阿姆哈拉地区三个县的真种大葱品种的表现:Fogera、Libokemkem 和 Dera。这项研究包括让当地农民参与品种示范,并由经验丰富的农民对示范品种进行评估。两个真种大葱品种 DZsht-157-1B 和 DZsht-91-2B 与当地的孟买红品种进行了比较。从一米见方的方格中收集了鳞茎产量数据,并采用直接矩阵排序法评估了农民的偏好。结果表明,真种大葱品种在球茎产量方面优于当地的孟买红品种。在 Fogera 地区,与孟买红相比,DZsht-157-1B 和 DZsht-91-2B 的球茎产量分别高出 40.1% 和 0.3%。在 Libokemkem 地区,DZsht-91-2B 的产量比当地品种高出 4.2%。农民评价结果表明,真种大葱品种在球茎产量、红色度和食用期等各方面都优于当地的孟买红品种。这项研究的结果表明,真种大葱品种有潜力提高研究地区以及埃塞俄比亚其他地区的大葱产量。要推广采用这些品种,关键是要确保向农民提供优质种子,并让他们了解保持从真种子到鳞茎和从鳞茎到真种子循环的重要性。这将有助于真种葱品种的持续繁殖,并确保高质量种植材料的可持续供应,从而为振兴埃塞俄比亚的葱生产和改善小农生计做出贡献。
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引用次数: 0
Improve the Quality of People's Mobilization to Perform the Political Tasks of the Current Political System of Dong Nai Province 提高同奈省现行政治体制下动员民众履行政治任务的质量
Pub Date : 2024-04-02 DOI: 10.11648/j.advances.20240501.14
Pham Loi
During the leadership process, with the view that the revolutionary cause is the cause of the masses, the Party has always determined that civil campaign work is a task of strategic significance for the entire revolutionary cause, an important condition to ensure the leadership of the Party and strengthen the close relationship between the Party and the people. One of the important lessons, contributing to great achievements throughout history is the lesson "Taking the people as the root", promoting the role of ownership, creativity and resources of the people in the cause of building and defending the country. This is the cross-cutting ideology that contributes to the revolutionary cause of the Party, overcoming all difficulties and achieving many victories. The civil campaign work of the political system of Dong Nai province in each revolutionary period has different contents and methods, but they all aim at the important goal of strengthening the close relationship between the Party and the People, firmly strengthening the people's trust in the Party; mobilize and attract a wide range of people, arouse the spirit of patriotism, promote the strength of the great national unity bloc for the national development process. In addition to the achieved results, the civil campaign work also has limitations and inadequacies: In some places, the awareness and responsibility for the civil campaign work of the political system is not very deep; not fully aware of the important role and great strength of the People, the great national unity bloc and the idea of "Taking the people as the root" in the view that "Revolution is the cause of the masses"; the institutionalization and concretization of a number of Party guidelines and resolutions related to civil campaign work have not been timely. The grasping, assessing and forecasting of the situation, especially the People's situation before events and situations arising in complex fields and areas, sometimes and in some places, have not met the requirements. Therefore, in this article, the author focuses on researching solutions towards improving the quality of mobilizing people to perform the political tasks of the current political system of Dong Nai province.
在党的领导过程中,我们党始终从革命事业是人民群众的事业的观点出发,确定民运工作是对整个革命事业具有战略意义的工作,是保证党的领导、密切党和人民群众关系的重要条件。历史上取得伟大成就的重要经验之一,就是 "以民为本",发扬人民群众在建设和保卫国家事业中的主人翁精神、创造精神和资源作用。这是党的革命事业战胜一切困难、取得许多胜利的贯穿始终的思想。同奈省政治系统在每个革命时期的民运工作都有不同的内容和方法,但都是为了一个重要目标,即加强党和人民的密切关系,坚定人民对党的信任;动员和吸引广泛的人民群众,激发爱国主义精神,促进民族大团结的力量,推动国家发展进程。在取得成绩的同时,民运工作也存在局限和不足:在一些地方,政治系统对民运工作的认识和责任不深;没有充分认识到人民群众、民族大团结大联合的重要作用和巨大力量,没有充分认识到 "革命是群众的事业 "这一观点中 "以民为本 "的思想;党的一些有关民运工作的方针、决议的制度化、具体化还不及时。对形势的把握、研判和预测,特别是对复杂领域、复杂地区出现的事件和情况面前的民情,有时、有的地方还达不到要求。因此,在本文中,作者将重点研究如何提高同奈省现行政治体制下动员群众完成政治任务的质量。
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引用次数: 0
Current Situation of Working Conditions of Female Workers in Export Processing Zones and Industrial Zones 出口加工区和工业区女工的工作条件现状
Pub Date : 2024-04-02 DOI: 10.11648/j.advances.20240501.13
Dinh Chi
Along with active participation and participation in the struggle of political systems, levels and sectors, especially the role of localities and businesses, up to now the company has developed social housing. has achieved some remarkable results. However, with the current number of completed worker housing of about 2.7 million m2, which only accommodates more than 340 workers, the set goal has not been achieved. The reason for not achieving the desired goals is that the mechanisms and policies for developing social housing and housing for workers still have some contents that do not meet practical needs and have not been supplemented or adjusted, timely amendment and completion, such as: participants, beneficiaries, automatic construction investment process, purchase and sale management. The implementation of preferential social housing policies must be done through many steps, so the time to carry out investment procedures is long, the space for innovation and development of social housing is limited as required; The reasonable costs for social housing development have not been calculated correctly or fully. Preferential policies for investors of social housing projects and worker housing are not attractive enough and not realistic enough. On that side, the state budget is still difficult and has not been able to arrange preferential capital for loans for social housing development; There is no mechanism to mobilize reasonable resources to achieve efficiency and system. This article aims to provide a comprehensive and systematic understanding of the current situation of working conditions of female workers in Ho Chi Minh City. The topic of employment conditions of female workers has been studied by many researchers, but certain limitations still exist. In this article, the author pays special attention to the current working conditions of female workers in Ho Chi Minh City. With that goal, it will open up a multi-dimensional view of the problem, thereby contributing to solving the problems that are being posed in practice for the working conditions of female workers in Ho Chi Minh City.
在积极参加和参与政治系统、各级和各部门的斗争,特别是发挥地方和企业的作用的同时,到目前为止,该公司开发的社会住房已取得了一些显著的成果。但是,目前已竣工的职工住宅约 270 万平方米,仅能容纳 340 多名职工,既定目标尚未实现。没有实现预期目标的原因在于,发展社会保障性住房和职工住房的机制和政策还存在一些不符合实际需要的内容,没有及时进行补充或调整、修订和完善,如:参与主体、受益主体、自动建设投资流程、购销管理等。社会保障性住房优惠政策的实施必须经过许多环节,因此办理投资手续的时间较长,社会保障性住房的创新和发展空间按要求是有限的;社会保障性住房开发的合理成本没有得到正确或充分的计算。对社会住房项目和职工住房投资者的优惠政策吸引力不足,不够现实。另一方面,国家财政预算仍然困难,未能安排优惠资金用于社会住房开发贷款;没有建立合理的资源调动机制,以实现效率和制度。本文旨在全面系统地了解胡志明市女工工作条件的现状。关于女工就业条件的课题已有很多研究者进行过研究,但仍存在一定的局限性。在本文中,作者特别关注胡志明市女工的工作条件现状。在此基础上,本文将从多个维度对该问题进行探讨,从而为解决胡志明市女工工作条件的实际问题做出贡献。
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引用次数: 0
Improving Students' Employability in Ho Chi Minh City Today 提高当今胡志明市学生的就业能力
Pub Date : 2024-02-27 DOI: 10.11648/j.advances.20240501.12
Duong Thanh Tu
Our country's economy is on the rise, besides the advantages, there are also many difficulties and negatives that arise, such as unemployment among students after graduating. Increasing in the current market mechanism. The more the country develops, in addition to modern technology serving production and business, one of the factors determining the country's development is the labor force, in today's market economy the workforce Workers are students trained in universities, colleges..., the country's young force is very dynamic and capable at work. Therefore, students are a very important human resource that we need to know how to use in the most reasonable and effective way. But the current unemployment situation of students after graduating has greatly affected the economic and social development of the country. So the question for managers and the country is what causes that situation? Is it because the training process at universities still lacks many aspects? or because the State's policies are not reasonable in using labor. Employment after graduation is always a pressing issue not only for students themselves but also for families, schools and society. Having a job that matches the field of training is always the dream of not only students graduating from school but even for those still sitting in university lecture halls. Starting from the importance of employment for students after graduation, the topic "Improving the ability of students to find jobs in Ho Chi Minh City today" researches, surveys and evaluates. Reality, employability of students after graduation and research on factors affecting students' job search results. With that goal, the author uses scientific research methods, typically data investigation methods, to propose solutions to practical problems related to student employment. After graduation and advise on some solutions. With the hope that those solutions will be applied in practice to improve the employability of Ho Chi Minh City students after graduation in the current period.
我国经济正处于上升期,除了优势之外,也出现了很多困难和不利因素,比如大学生毕业即失业。在当前的市场机制下不断增加。国家越发展,除了现代科技服务于生产经营外,决定国家发展的因素之一就是劳动力,在当今市场经济下的劳动力劳动者都是大中专院校培养出来的学生......,国家的年轻力量很有活力,工作能力强。因此,学生是非常重要的人力资源,我们要懂得如何最合理、最有效地利用。但目前大学生毕业即失业的现状,极大地影响了国家的经济和社会发展。那么,管理者和国家面临的问题是,是什么造成了这种状况?是因为高校的培养过程还存在很多欠缺,还是因为国家的用工政策不合理?毕业后的就业问题始终是一个亟待解决的问题,不仅是学生自身的问题,也是家庭、学校和社会的问题。拥有一份与所学专业对口的工作,不仅是即将毕业的学生的梦想,甚至也是还坐在大学讲堂里的学生的梦想。从学生毕业后就业的重要性出发,"提高当今胡志明市学生的就业能力 "专题进行了研究、调查和评估。现实情况、学生毕业后的就业能力以及影响学生求职结果的因素研究。作者以此为目标,运用科学的研究方法,特别是数据调查方法,提出解决学生就业相关实际问题的方案。毕业后的就业问题,并就一些解决方案提出建议。希望这些解决方案能在实践中得到应用,以提高胡志明市学生在当前时期毕业后的就业能力。
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引用次数: 0
Constraints and Opportunity of Teff Production in the Case of Assosa Woreda, Benishangul Gumuz Regional State, Ethiopia 以埃塞俄比亚贝尼尚古尔古穆兹地区州 Assosa Woreda 为例,分析生产非洲ff的制约因素和机遇
Pub Date : 2024-01-11 DOI: 10.11648/j.advances.20240501.11
A. Beyene, Sura Degefu Tadessa
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Design, Fabrication and Performance Evaluation of Hybrid Parabolic Dish Solar Concentrator for Cooking and Heating of Water 用于烹饪和加热水的混合抛物面碟形太阳能聚光器的设计、制造和性能评估
Pub Date : 2023-12-06 DOI: 10.11648/j.advances.20230404.14
Mohammed Gwani, Umar Muhammad Kangiwa, Abubakar Gado Abubakar, Sadik Umar
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Strategies Employed by Teachers to Motivate Students in Secondary Schools of Melo Koza Woreda Gofa Zone, South Ethiopia 埃塞俄比亚南部 Melo Koza Woreda Gofa 区中学教师激励学生的策略
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Milkiyas Asso Goshu
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A Comparison of Modern Cardiovascular Parameters in Patients with and Without Blood Stasis Syndrome 血瘀综合征患者与非血瘀综合征患者现代心血管参数的比较
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Xiaoqin Hu, Wei Zhao, Xuewen Zeng, Xiao Wang, Hongxing Yang, Xuefei Ding, Yumei Meng, Edward Barin, Alberto P. Avolio
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引用次数: 0
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