Y. Mtimkulu, M. N. Lewu, Azwimbavhi R. Mulidzi, Francis Lewu
Background: Pelargonium sidoides (P. sidoides) DC. (Geraniaceae) is one of several geophytic species of the genus that are important traditional medicines in South Africa. P. sidoides has been identified as a potential future economic species known to cure various ailments, including respiratory infections.Aim: This review was aimed at addressing concerns around the overexploitation of P. sidoides in the wild.Setting: This review provides an overview of P. sidoides cultivation and usage.Method: A comprehensive literature search involving mainly electronic and library sources of information was used to collate and synthesise published data.Results: According to the findings of the study, there has been a huge increase in demand for the plant and it has been overexploited locally as a result of increased domestic and global demand from native consumers and the pharmaceutical industries.Conclusion: The review emphasises the necessity of cultivation in ensuring the sustainability of P. sidoides in the wild. Cultivation is a crucial component of conservation attempts which is under threat because of increasing urbanisation, habitat degradation, and population growth. Furthermore, producing medicinal plants allows new rural farmers to produce them as a new crop option, reducing unsustainable wild collection and competition with established commercial farmers who mostly raise food crops. Lastly, the study reveals the benefits in cultivating medicinal plants namely the strengthening of primary healthcare through traditional medicine, the preservation of indigenous knowledge, local economic growth, and job creation.Contribution: The benefits of cultivation and using P. sidoides medicinally are reviewed in this essay.
{"title":"Cultivation and beneficial uses of Pelargonium sidoides DC. – A review","authors":"Y. Mtimkulu, M. N. Lewu, Azwimbavhi R. Mulidzi, Francis Lewu","doi":"10.4102/jomped.v8i1.246","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4102/jomped.v8i1.246","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Pelargonium sidoides (P. sidoides) DC. (Geraniaceae) is one of several geophytic species of the genus that are important traditional medicines in South Africa. P. sidoides has been identified as a potential future economic species known to cure various ailments, including respiratory infections.Aim: This review was aimed at addressing concerns around the overexploitation of P. sidoides in the wild.Setting: This review provides an overview of P. sidoides cultivation and usage.Method: A comprehensive literature search involving mainly electronic and library sources of information was used to collate and synthesise published data.Results: According to the findings of the study, there has been a huge increase in demand for the plant and it has been overexploited locally as a result of increased domestic and global demand from native consumers and the pharmaceutical industries.Conclusion: The review emphasises the necessity of cultivation in ensuring the sustainability of P. sidoides in the wild. Cultivation is a crucial component of conservation attempts which is under threat because of increasing urbanisation, habitat degradation, and population growth. Furthermore, producing medicinal plants allows new rural farmers to produce them as a new crop option, reducing unsustainable wild collection and competition with established commercial farmers who mostly raise food crops. Lastly, the study reveals the benefits in cultivating medicinal plants namely the strengthening of primary healthcare through traditional medicine, the preservation of indigenous knowledge, local economic growth, and job creation.Contribution: The benefits of cultivation and using P. sidoides medicinally are reviewed in this essay.","PeriodicalId":502726,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medicinal Plants for Economic Development","volume":"57 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140970000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: ‘U wela’ also known as ‘Divhu’ in ‘Tshivenda’ is a sexually transmitted infection caused by a combination of fungal and bacterial microorganisms that affects males because of unprotected sexual encounters with a woman who has had an abortion or miscarriage.Aim: The study aimed to investigate medicinal plants used to treat ‘u wela’ and determine their biological activity against Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Candida albicans.Setting: Eight plant species (Elaeodendron transvaalense[Burtt Davy] R.H. Archer, Albizia versicolor Welw. ex Oliv, Xanthocercis zambesiaca Baker, Cassia abbreviata subsp. beareana [Holmes] Brenan, Anthocleista grandiflora Gilg, Myrothamnus flabellifolius Welw., Mimusops zeyheri Sond, and Capparis tomentosa Lam.) used to combat ‘u wela’ were selected from the Ethnomedicinal plant’s database of over 300 medicinal plants used for medicinal purposes in humans, in the Vhembe district, Limpopo province, South Africa.Methods: The antimicrobial activity of the plant extracts was investigated against Candida albicans and Neisseria gonorrhoeae using serial dilution and bioautography assays.Results: The plant extracts of A. versicolor and C. abbreviata had excellent activity with a low minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). value of 0.02 and 0.07 mg/mL, respectively. In bioautograms developed in benzene/ethanol/ammonia hydroxide (BEA), active compounds were visible in the extracts of A. versicolor.Conclusion: A. versicolor had excellent antimicrobial activity and may be used in traditional therapy to combat ‘u wela’.Contribution: The study has demonstrated that A. versicolor is a promising plant species that could lead to the discovery of novel drugs to combat ‘u wela’.
{"title":"Biological activity of folkloric plants used in the treatment of ‘u wela’ against pathogens","authors":"T. T. Ramavhale, Salome Mahlo, J. N. Eloff","doi":"10.4102/jomped.v8i1.238","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4102/jomped.v8i1.238","url":null,"abstract":"Background: ‘U wela’ also known as ‘Divhu’ in ‘Tshivenda’ is a sexually transmitted infection caused by a combination of fungal and bacterial microorganisms that affects males because of unprotected sexual encounters with a woman who has had an abortion or miscarriage.Aim: The study aimed to investigate medicinal plants used to treat ‘u wela’ and determine their biological activity against Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Candida albicans.Setting: Eight plant species (Elaeodendron transvaalense[Burtt Davy] R.H. Archer, Albizia versicolor Welw. ex Oliv, Xanthocercis zambesiaca Baker, Cassia abbreviata subsp. beareana [Holmes] Brenan, Anthocleista grandiflora Gilg, Myrothamnus flabellifolius Welw., Mimusops zeyheri Sond, and Capparis tomentosa Lam.) used to combat ‘u wela’ were selected from the Ethnomedicinal plant’s database of over 300 medicinal plants used for medicinal purposes in humans, in the Vhembe district, Limpopo province, South Africa.Methods: The antimicrobial activity of the plant extracts was investigated against Candida albicans and Neisseria gonorrhoeae using serial dilution and bioautography assays.Results: The plant extracts of A. versicolor and C. abbreviata had excellent activity with a low minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). value of 0.02 and 0.07 mg/mL, respectively. In bioautograms developed in benzene/ethanol/ammonia hydroxide (BEA), active compounds were visible in the extracts of A. versicolor.Conclusion: A. versicolor had excellent antimicrobial activity and may be used in traditional therapy to combat ‘u wela’.Contribution: The study has demonstrated that A. versicolor is a promising plant species that could lead to the discovery of novel drugs to combat ‘u wela’.","PeriodicalId":502726,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medicinal Plants for Economic Development","volume":"88 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141017234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
G. Zirintunda, J. Kateregga, Sarah Nalule, Patrick Vudriko, Savino Biryomumaisho, J. Acai
Background: Knowledge regarding the use of ethnoveterinary products in the control of chicken diseases in Uganda is hardly documented.Aim: The study documented the ideas of controlling chicken diseases using herbal remedies as shared by chicken owners.Setting: The study was conducted among backyard and free-ranging chicken owners.Methods: Mixed methods of focus group discussions (FGDs) and farmer questionnaires were used.Results: Most respondents, 91% (71/78), were using ethnoveterinary medicine (EVM) and 96.2% (75/78) knew others who were also using them. Of the respondents, 82% (64/78) were convinced that EVMs are effective alternative to conventional treatments. Ethnoveterinary medicines are acceptable and promoted during informal and formal training. The sources of EVM were home gardens, wild sources and markets. Most respondents had their planted EVM materials and acquired knowledge from neighbours and friends. About 37.2% (29/78) of the respondents affirmed that they could not freely share their EVM knowledge with others.Conclusion: The participants of the FGDs and the respondents of the questionnaires knew the acceptable opportunities of alternative drugs of unproven efficacy and safety. The practices pose risks to chickens and the possible development of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in chickens and humans. The study shows the need for claim validations to guide the safe use of EVM in chicken.Contribution: The study documents plant materials for treating various chicken diseases. The information is essential in the era of AMR and among communities that cannot afford drugs.
背景：目的：本研究记录了养鸡者分享的使用草药控制鸡病的想法：研究对象为散养和放养鸡的主人：方法：采用焦点小组讨论（FGDs）和农民问卷调查的混合方法：大多数受访者（91%，71/78）都在使用民族兽药（EVM），96.2%（75/78）的受访者知道其他人也在使用民族兽药。在受访者中，82%（64/78）的人认为兽药是传统疗法的有效替代品。在非正式和正式培训中，人们接受并推广民族兽药。EVM 的来源包括家庭菜园、野生来源和市场。大多数受访者都有自己种植的 EVM 材料，并从邻居和朋友那里获得相关知识。约 37.2%（29/78）的受访者表示，他们无法与他人自由分享其 EVM 知识：参与论坛讨论的人和调查问卷的受访者都知道可以接受使用疗效和安全性未经证实的替代药物的机会。这些做法给鸡带来了风险，并可能在鸡和人体内产生抗菌素抗药性（AMR）。该研究表明，有必要进行索赔验证，以指导在鸡中安全使用 EVM：本研究记录了用于治疗各种鸡病的植物材料。贡献：该研究记录了用于治疗各种鸡病的植物材料，这些信息在 AMR 时代和买不起药物的社区中至关重要。
{"title":"An inventory of ethnoveterinary knowledge for chicken disease control in Soroti district, Uganda","authors":"G. Zirintunda, J. Kateregga, Sarah Nalule, Patrick Vudriko, Savino Biryomumaisho, J. Acai","doi":"10.4102/jomped.v8i1.248","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4102/jomped.v8i1.248","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Knowledge regarding the use of ethnoveterinary products in the control of chicken diseases in Uganda is hardly documented.Aim: The study documented the ideas of controlling chicken diseases using herbal remedies as shared by chicken owners.Setting: The study was conducted among backyard and free-ranging chicken owners.Methods: Mixed methods of focus group discussions (FGDs) and farmer questionnaires were used.Results: Most respondents, 91% (71/78), were using ethnoveterinary medicine (EVM) and 96.2% (75/78) knew others who were also using them. Of the respondents, 82% (64/78) were convinced that EVMs are effective alternative to conventional treatments. Ethnoveterinary medicines are acceptable and promoted during informal and formal training. The sources of EVM were home gardens, wild sources and markets. Most respondents had their planted EVM materials and acquired knowledge from neighbours and friends. About 37.2% (29/78) of the respondents affirmed that they could not freely share their EVM knowledge with others.Conclusion: The participants of the FGDs and the respondents of the questionnaires knew the acceptable opportunities of alternative drugs of unproven efficacy and safety. The practices pose risks to chickens and the possible development of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in chickens and humans. The study shows the need for claim validations to guide the safe use of EVM in chicken.Contribution: The study documents plant materials for treating various chicken diseases. The information is essential in the era of AMR and among communities that cannot afford drugs.","PeriodicalId":502726,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medicinal Plants for Economic Development","volume":" 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140686189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Artabotrys brachypetalus is best known for its edible fruits, but today, it is a well-known medicinal plant. However, there are several uses of the species, some of them known since prehistoric times.Aim: This study compiles the existing information of the traditional uses, phytochemistry and pharmacological properties, and future potential applications of A. brachypetalus.Setting: This review provides an overview of uses and ethnopharmacological properties of A. brachypetalus.Method: Multiple searches on existing literature were carried out on the traditional, medicinal, phytochemistry, and pharmacological properties of A. brachypetalus in online databases such as Scopus, PubMed, Google Scholar, JSTOR, and Science Direct as well as using pre-electronic literature sources obtained from the university library.Results: This study showed that A. brachypetalus is a multipurpose species used as a food plant, source of fibre, firewood, timber, and herbal medicine. Artabotrys brachypetalus serves as a medicinal plant in five countries to treat human and animal diseases, accounting for 55.6% of the countries where the species is naturally found. The phytochemical evaluation of the plant revealed that it contains alkaloids, cyclohexane carboxylic acid, dicarboxylic acid, fatty acids, flavonoids, phenolics, sesquiterpenes, and sugars. The pharmacological assessments showed that the phytochemical compounds isolated from the species and crude extracts demonstrated antifungal, antidiabetic, antiplasmodial, and larvicidal activities.Conclusion: Further research should focus on elucidation of pharmacological, phytochemical, toxicological, in vitro, in vivo and clinical research of the species.Contribution: This study contributes to the existing knowledge about A. brachypetalus that could be useful in bio-prospecting for new health-promoting products required in the primary healthcare delivery system.
背景：Artabotrys brachypetalus因其可食用的果实而闻名，但如今它已成为一种著名的药用植物。目的：本研究汇集了 A. brachypetalus 的传统用途、植物化学和药理特性以及未来潜在应用方面的现有信息：本综述概述了 A. brachypetalus 的用途和民族药理学特性：在 Scopus、PubMed、Google Scholar、JSTOR 和 Science Direct 等在线数据库中，以及利用从大学图书馆获得的电子文献来源，对有关 A. brachypetalus 的传统、药用、植物化学和药理特性的现有文献进行了多次检索：该研究表明，A. brachypetalus 是一种多用途物种，可用作食用植物、纤维来源、木柴、木材和草药。Artabotrys brachypetalus 在五个国家被用作治疗人类和动物疾病的药用植物，占天然存在该物种的国家的 55.6%。植物化学评估显示，该植物含有生物碱、环己烷羧酸、二羧酸、脂肪酸、黄酮类、酚类、倍半萜类和糖类。药理评估表明，从这些物种和粗提取物中分离出的植物化学物质具有抗真菌、抗糖尿病、抗寄生虫和杀幼虫剂活性：结论：进一步的研究应侧重于阐明该物种的药理学、植物化学、毒理学、体外、体内和临床研究：本研究有助于丰富现有的 A. brachypetalus 知识，从而有助于生物勘探初级医疗保健系统所需的促进健康的新产品。
{"title":"Artabotrys brachypetalus Benth.: Evaluation of its traditional uses, phytochemistry, and pharmacological properties","authors":"A. Maroyi","doi":"10.4102/jomped.v8i1.249","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4102/jomped.v8i1.249","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Artabotrys brachypetalus is best known for its edible fruits, but today, it is a well-known medicinal plant. However, there are several uses of the species, some of them known since prehistoric times.Aim: This study compiles the existing information of the traditional uses, phytochemistry and pharmacological properties, and future potential applications of A. brachypetalus.Setting: This review provides an overview of uses and ethnopharmacological properties of A. brachypetalus.Method: Multiple searches on existing literature were carried out on the traditional, medicinal, phytochemistry, and pharmacological properties of A. brachypetalus in online databases such as Scopus, PubMed, Google Scholar, JSTOR, and Science Direct as well as using pre-electronic literature sources obtained from the university library.Results: This study showed that A. brachypetalus is a multipurpose species used as a food plant, source of fibre, firewood, timber, and herbal medicine. Artabotrys brachypetalus serves as a medicinal plant in five countries to treat human and animal diseases, accounting for 55.6% of the countries where the species is naturally found. The phytochemical evaluation of the plant revealed that it contains alkaloids, cyclohexane carboxylic acid, dicarboxylic acid, fatty acids, flavonoids, phenolics, sesquiterpenes, and sugars. The pharmacological assessments showed that the phytochemical compounds isolated from the species and crude extracts demonstrated antifungal, antidiabetic, antiplasmodial, and larvicidal activities.Conclusion: Further research should focus on elucidation of pharmacological, phytochemical, toxicological, in vitro, in vivo and clinical research of the species.Contribution: This study contributes to the existing knowledge about A. brachypetalus that could be useful in bio-prospecting for new health-promoting products required in the primary healthcare delivery system.","PeriodicalId":502726,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medicinal Plants for Economic Development","volume":"3 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140702448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T. C. Machaba, Salome Mahlo, J. Eloff, W. Nxumalo, L. McGaw
Background: Lonchocarpus capassa is a medicinal plant used to treat diseases such as fungal infections, diarrhoea, oral candidiasis, and stomach complaints in South Africa.Aim: The study aimed to investigate the cytotoxicity and antifungal compounds isolated from L. capassa leaf extracts.Setting: The study was conducted in Muduluni village, Makhado Local Municipality, Limpopo province.Methods: Leaf extracts were screened for antifungal activity against fungal pathogens: Candida albicans, Cryptococcus neoformans, and Aspergillus fumigatus. Bioassay-guided fractionation using column chromatography of the acetone extract led to the isolation of six antifungal compounds. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectroscopy and Mass Spectrometry were used for the identification of compounds. The antioxidant activity of the plant extracts was investigated using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assays. Cytotoxicity of isolated compounds was determined using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay against Vero monkey kidney cells.Results: The plant extract had an excellent minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) value of 40 μg/mL against the microorganisms. Compound 1 was identified as Lupeol, Compound 3 as Friedelin, and Compound 4 as 6-(γ,γ-Dimethylallyl)-3’,4’-dimethoxy-6”,6”-dimethylpyrano-[2”,3”:7,8]-flavanone (Compound 4). Compounds 2 and 5 were not identified because of the presence of mixtures of long-chain fatty acids. Friedelin was the most active radical scavenger in the DPPH assay. The compounds were not toxic with an LC50 value of ˃ 0.2 mg/mL.Conclusion: Screening of medicinal plants could provide lead to the discovery of novel antifungal agents.Contribution: The results support the traditional use of L. capassa to combat fungal infections in humans.
{"title":"Cytotoxicity, antifungal and antioxidant properties of Lonchocarpus capassa leaf extracts","authors":"T. C. Machaba, Salome Mahlo, J. Eloff, W. Nxumalo, L. McGaw","doi":"10.4102/jomped.v8i1.221","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4102/jomped.v8i1.221","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Lonchocarpus capassa is a medicinal plant used to treat diseases such as fungal infections, diarrhoea, oral candidiasis, and stomach complaints in South Africa.Aim: The study aimed to investigate the cytotoxicity and antifungal compounds isolated from L. capassa leaf extracts.Setting: The study was conducted in Muduluni village, Makhado Local Municipality, Limpopo province.Methods: Leaf extracts were screened for antifungal activity against fungal pathogens: Candida albicans, Cryptococcus neoformans, and Aspergillus fumigatus. Bioassay-guided fractionation using column chromatography of the acetone extract led to the isolation of six antifungal compounds. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectroscopy and Mass Spectrometry were used for the identification of compounds. The antioxidant activity of the plant extracts was investigated using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assays. Cytotoxicity of isolated compounds was determined using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay against Vero monkey kidney cells.Results: The plant extract had an excellent minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) value of 40 μg/mL against the microorganisms. Compound 1 was identified as Lupeol, Compound 3 as Friedelin, and Compound 4 as 6-(γ,γ-Dimethylallyl)-3’,4’-dimethoxy-6”,6”-dimethylpyrano-[2”,3”:7,8]-flavanone (Compound 4). Compounds 2 and 5 were not identified because of the presence of mixtures of long-chain fatty acids. Friedelin was the most active radical scavenger in the DPPH assay. The compounds were not toxic with an LC50 value of ˃ 0.2 mg/mL.Conclusion: Screening of medicinal plants could provide lead to the discovery of novel antifungal agents.Contribution: The results support the traditional use of L. capassa to combat fungal infections in humans.","PeriodicalId":502726,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medicinal Plants for Economic Development","volume":"13 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140439494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sipho Goge, Karishma Singh, L. Komoreng, R. Coopoosamy
{"title":"Antibacterial evaluation of South African Aloe ferox (Mill)","authors":"Sipho Goge, Karishma Singh, L. Komoreng, R. Coopoosamy","doi":"10.4102/jomped.v8i1.226","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4102/jomped.v8i1.226","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":502726,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medicinal Plants for Economic Development","volume":"33 32","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139528554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T. I. Jasson, M. Jimoh, Christiaan W. Daniels, Charles P. Laubscher
{"title":"Compost tea improves growth, nutrients and antioxidants in corms of Hypoxis hemerocallidea","authors":"T. I. Jasson, M. Jimoh, Christiaan W. Daniels, Charles P. Laubscher","doi":"10.4102/jomped.v8i1.208","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4102/jomped.v8i1.208","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":502726,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medicinal Plants for Economic Development","volume":"3 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140508035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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