The present study was conducted to determine the effective herbal extracts of Phyllanthus urinaria and Combretum quadrangulare incorporated into the diets on the health of whiteleg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei). A commercially available feed diet was incorporated with a concentration of 1% P.urinaria, 1% C.quadrangulare,1% of a mixture of both 1% P. urinaria and 1% C. quadrangulare Kurz (experimental diets), and no herbal extract (control treatment). Shrimps (1.05±0.33 g) in triplicate groups were fed with the supplemented diets for 4 weeks in a 500 L tank with a stocking density of 70 shrimp/tank. Hematological and immunological parameters (Total hemocyte count, granular cells, hyaline cells, phenoloxidase activity-PO, and immune gene expressions) were evaluated after the feeding trial. The results showed that after 4 weeks of dietary herbal supplementation of 1% P. urinaria (PUE), and 1% mixture of P. urinaria and C. quadrangulare (PUE-CQE) significantly enhanced hematological and immunological parameters (total hemocyte count, granular and hyaline cells, phenoloxidase, lysozyme, and Penaeidin-3). After being challenged against V. parahaemolyticus, cumulative mortality of shrimp in treatment of a 1% mixture of P. urinaria and C. quadrangulare (PUE-CQE) was lower compared to the positive control at 43.6% and 66.7% respectively and the difference was statistically significant (p<0.05). Dietary herbal-supplemented treatments of 1% CQE and 1% PUE were slightly lower than the positive control at 55.6% and 59.5% respectively hence no significant difference (p>0.05). This shows that all the herbal treatments lowered the susceptibility and increased protection against V. parahaemolyticus compared to the positive control. In summary, the results indicate that P. urinaria and C. quadrangulare dietary herbal extracts have beneficial impacts on immune responses and disease resistance in whiteleg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) against V. parahaemolyticus.
本研究的目的是确定在日粮中添加尿囊草和藜芦的草药提取物对南美白对虾（Litopenaeus vannamei）健康的影响。在市售饲料中添加浓度为 1%的尿囊素、1%的四角乌头、1%的尿囊素和 1%的四角乌头混合物（实验日粮），以及不添加草药提取物（对照处理）。一式三组的对虾（1.05±0.33 g）在 500 L 的水槽中以 70 只/槽的饲养密度投喂添加饲料的食物 4 周。饲养试验结束后，对血液学和免疫学参数（血细胞总数、颗粒细胞、透明细胞、酚氧化酶活性-PO 和免疫基因表达）进行了评估。结果表明，经过 4 周的膳食草药补充后，1% P. urinaria（PUE）和 1%P. urinaria 与 C. quadrangulare（PUE-CQE）的混合物（PUE-CQE）能显著提高血液学和免疫学参数（血细胞总数、颗粒细胞和透明细胞、酚氧化酶、溶菌酶和 Penaeidin-3）。在受到副溶血性弧菌挑战后，与阳性对照组相比，使用 1%的 P. urinaria 和 C. quadrangulare 混合物（PUE-CQE）处理的对虾累积死亡率较低，分别为 43.6% 和 66.7%，差异具有统计学意义（p0.05）。这表明，与阳性对照相比，所有草药处理都降低了对副溶血性大肠杆菌的易感性，提高了保护力。总之，研究结果表明，P. urinaria 和 C. quadrangulare 膳食中草药提取物对南美白对虾（Litopenaeus vannamei）的免疫反应和抗病能力有有益的影响。
{"title":"BENEFICIAL IMPACTS ON IMMUNE RESPONSES AND DISEASE RESISTANCE OF WHITELEG SHRIMP (Litopenaeus vannamei) FED DIETARY HERBAL EXTRACTS","authors":"Robert Mutunga","doi":"10.59411/jvrfxx80","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59411/jvrfxx80","url":null,"abstract":"The present study was conducted to determine the effective herbal extracts of Phyllanthus urinaria and Combretum quadrangulare incorporated into the diets on the health of whiteleg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei). A commercially available feed diet was incorporated with a concentration of 1% P.urinaria, 1% C.quadrangulare,1% of a mixture of both 1% P. urinaria and 1% C. quadrangulare Kurz (experimental diets), and no herbal extract (control treatment). Shrimps (1.05±0.33 g) in triplicate groups were fed with the supplemented diets for 4 weeks in a 500 L tank with a stocking density of 70 shrimp/tank. Hematological and immunological parameters (Total hemocyte count, granular cells, hyaline cells, phenoloxidase activity-PO, and immune gene expressions) were evaluated after the feeding trial. The results showed that after 4 weeks of dietary herbal supplementation of 1% P. urinaria (PUE), and 1% mixture of P. urinaria and C. quadrangulare (PUE-CQE) significantly enhanced hematological and immunological parameters (total hemocyte count, granular and hyaline cells, phenoloxidase, lysozyme, and Penaeidin-3). After being challenged against V. parahaemolyticus, cumulative mortality of shrimp in treatment of a 1% mixture of P. urinaria and C. quadrangulare (PUE-CQE) was lower compared to the positive control at 43.6% and 66.7% respectively and the difference was statistically significant (p<0.05). Dietary herbal-supplemented treatments of 1% CQE and 1% PUE were slightly lower than the positive control at 55.6% and 59.5% respectively hence no significant difference (p>0.05). This shows that all the herbal treatments lowered the susceptibility and increased protection against V. parahaemolyticus compared to the positive control. In summary, the results indicate that P. urinaria and C. quadrangulare dietary herbal extracts have beneficial impacts on immune responses and disease resistance in whiteleg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) against V. parahaemolyticus.","PeriodicalId":502758,"journal":{"name":"Helix","volume":"3 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139381001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Behan Mohammed, Martin De Graaf, Leo Nagelkerke, M. Mingist, W. Anteneh
This study was conducted from July 2010 to June 2011 to assess the status of motorized commercial gillnet fishery of the three commercially most important fishes in Lake TanaLabeobarbusspp., Oreochromisniloticus(Nile tilapia) and Clariasgariepinus (African catfish). Catches were monitored daily and additional information on number of gillnets used, mesh size of gill nets and location of fishing grounds were collected. Data on the Labeobarbus species composition were collected 3 days per month. The total fish yield from the main fishing grounds of the commercial fishery was 238 metric tons/year. The catch of tilapia was 71%, that of catfish 18% and that of Labeobarbus 11% of the total catch. Peak production was from March - May 2011. Most effort (80%) was allocated to the North Eastern Floodplain (NEFP). The total number of gillnets set and boat trips made were 85,943 and 3104, respectively, which is much higher than reported previously. Consequently, the Catch per Unit effort (CpUE; kg/trip) of the 2010/2011 production year was with 64.7 ± 3 (95% CL) kg much lower than reported previously. The CpUE of all three fish taxa was lower than previously reported, but especially the LabeobarbusCpUE was much lower than before (6.1 kg). An integrated management plan and research program for the Lake Tana basin is urgently required to prevent the collapse of an important fishery and the extinction of the only known cyprinid species flock in the world.
{"title":"Assessment of motorized commercial gillnet fishery of the three commercially important fishes in Lake Tana, Ethiopia","authors":"Behan Mohammed, Martin De Graaf, Leo Nagelkerke, M. Mingist, W. Anteneh","doi":"10.59411/230baq58","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59411/230baq58","url":null,"abstract":"This study was conducted from July 2010 to June 2011 to assess the status of motorized commercial gillnet fishery of the three commercially most important fishes in Lake TanaLabeobarbusspp., Oreochromisniloticus(Nile tilapia) and Clariasgariepinus (African catfish). Catches were monitored daily and additional information on number of gillnets used, mesh size of gill nets and location of fishing grounds were collected. Data on the Labeobarbus species composition were collected 3 days per month. The total fish yield from the main fishing grounds of the commercial fishery was 238 metric tons/year. The catch of tilapia was 71%, that of catfish 18% and that of Labeobarbus 11% of the total catch. Peak production was from March - May 2011. Most effort (80%) was allocated to the North Eastern Floodplain (NEFP). The total number of gillnets set and boat trips made were 85,943 and 3104, respectively, which is much higher than reported previously. Consequently, the Catch per Unit effort (CpUE; kg/trip) of the 2010/2011 production year was with 64.7 ± 3 (95% CL) kg much lower than reported previously. The CpUE of all three fish taxa was lower than previously reported, but especially the LabeobarbusCpUE was much lower than before (6.1 kg). An integrated management plan and research program for the Lake Tana basin is urgently required to prevent the collapse of an important fishery and the extinction of the only known cyprinid species flock in the world.","PeriodicalId":502758,"journal":{"name":"Helix","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139164745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Benshangul Gumuz Regional State has ample natural resources; water bodies constitute perennial and intermittent rivers, reservoirs and flood plains with diversified fish species. The fishery resource has been exploited for centuries mainly by indigenous Gumuz and Berta peoples. The total annual harvestable fish from major Rivers is estimated to be 2400 tons/yr and River Abay covers 70% of the region’s total potential. The catch has never been recorded systematically and exact data are not known. However, the rural household based socio-economic survey conducted in 2006 indicated that from all sampled 150 Kebeles, 132 Kebeles (88%) used fish from the rivers. The survey reveals also that 70-83% of 20 Kebeles, 50-70% of 10 Kebeles and 10-45% of 19 Kebeles population have access for fishing at the nearby rivers. The whole population of Mandura and Sirba Abay Woredas and 83% of the population in 36 Kebeles of Maokomo, Guba, Bulen and Kemashi Woredas used fish for food. The current exploitation level is estimated only at 183 tons/yr. The catches are used mostly for home consumption and rarely sold in marketing places as fresh and/or dried when the production exceeds the needs of the family. Along the river coastal areas per capita consumption of fish amongst the peoples reaches about 22 kg/person/yr. Fishes are of special significance for food security in the region, as all the fish caught is going to be consumed by local communities.
{"title":"Fish Resource Survey in Benishangul-Gumuz Regional State based on Fish Resource Survey in Benishangul-Gumuz Regional State","authors":"Hussein Abegaz, Alayu Yalew, Ermias Mengistu","doi":"10.59411/6gcy3487","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59411/6gcy3487","url":null,"abstract":"The Benshangul Gumuz Regional State has ample natural resources; water bodies constitute perennial and intermittent rivers, reservoirs and flood plains with diversified fish species. The fishery resource has been exploited for centuries mainly by indigenous Gumuz and Berta peoples. The total annual harvestable fish from major Rivers is estimated to be 2400 tons/yr and River Abay covers 70% of the region’s total potential. The catch has never been recorded systematically and exact data are not known. However, the rural household based socio-economic survey conducted in 2006 indicated that from all sampled 150 Kebeles, 132 Kebeles (88%) used fish from the rivers. The survey reveals also that 70-83% of 20 Kebeles, 50-70% of 10 Kebeles and 10-45% of 19 Kebeles population have access for fishing at the nearby rivers. The whole population of Mandura and Sirba Abay Woredas and 83% of the population in 36 Kebeles of Maokomo, Guba, Bulen and Kemashi Woredas used fish for food. The current exploitation level is estimated only at 183 tons/yr. The catches are used mostly for home consumption and rarely sold in marketing places as fresh and/or dried when the production exceeds the needs of the family. Along the river coastal areas per capita consumption of fish amongst the peoples reaches about 22 kg/person/yr. Fishes are of special significance for food security in the region, as all the fish caught is going to be consumed by local communities.","PeriodicalId":502758,"journal":{"name":"Helix","volume":"10 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139164633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
With an estimated total population of 667,049 people, the region is situated at the lower fresh water reaches of the Abay basin. The rivers mainly grouped as Flood Rivers, where there are extremes of annual fluctuation in water level from severe flood to sometimes complete desiccation in dry season. There exists also considerable difference in numbers of species inhabiting various river systems attributed to the size of the river as represented by its basin area or correlated with the length of main channel or stream order. Five major rivers of the basin were chosen purposely. Sampling was made during 2011 and gillnets of different mesh sizes were used. For the estimation of the potential fish yield of each river, the simplest model relating catch and river length was used. Compared to the other rivers, the diversity of fish in Dabus River was lower. Totally 29 commercially important fish species,grouped in to 11 families, has been known to present. The dominant family in these river systems is Cyprinidae with a diversity of 9 species. Current fish production in the region is estimated only as 183 tons/yr. The estimated total fish production potentials of sampled rivers is found to be 2,400 tons/yr indicating that there is the possibility to increase the current level of production more than 13 times. Inaddition, the exploitation is limited to subsistence level. The most potential river in the region is Abay with an estimated potential of 1680 tons/year and Anger contributes the least potential.
{"title":"Survey on fish diversity, resource potential and current production level ofmajor rivers in the Benishangul Gumuz Region; Ethiopia","authors":"Alayu Yalew","doi":"10.59411/n53hz968","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59411/n53hz968","url":null,"abstract":"With an estimated total population of 667,049 people, the region is situated at the lower fresh water reaches of the Abay basin. The rivers mainly grouped as Flood Rivers, where there are extremes of annual fluctuation in water level from severe flood to sometimes complete desiccation in dry season. There exists also considerable difference in numbers of species inhabiting various river systems attributed to the size of the river as represented by its basin area or correlated with the length of main channel or stream order. Five major rivers of the basin were chosen purposely. Sampling was made during 2011 and gillnets of different mesh sizes were used. For the estimation of the potential fish yield of each river, the simplest model relating catch and river length was used. Compared to the other rivers, the diversity of fish in Dabus River was lower. Totally 29 commercially important fish species,grouped in to 11 families, has been known to present. The dominant family in these river systems is Cyprinidae with a diversity of 9 species. Current fish production in the region is estimated only as 183 tons/yr. The estimated total fish production potentials of sampled rivers is found to be 2,400 tons/yr indicating that there is the possibility to increase the current level of production more than 13 times. Inaddition, the exploitation is limited to subsistence level. The most potential river in the region is Abay with an estimated potential of 1680 tons/year and Anger contributes the least potential.","PeriodicalId":502758,"journal":{"name":"Helix","volume":"118 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139163994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Physical activity is very important for every person regardless of his/her age, gender, race, economic status, as well as physical ability, or disability. People, particularly students with special needs are usually perceived by societies as disadvantaged groups (Block, 1992). Hence, they are in a position of missing some economic, political, and social benefits including the right to access equitable and quality of PA. Objectives: the purpose of this study was to assess students with visually impaired and physical disabilities' engagement in physical activity. Methods: in this study qualitative method was employed. A case study research design was employed in this research. Study area: The study was conducted on 3 selected universities, Ethiopia. The selected universities are Debre Berhan, Addis Ababa and kotbea metropolitan universities. Sample: In this research sample of students with special need from all universities main and sub campus ‘was selected by available sampling technique and also responsible head of institutions was selected by purposive sampling technique. The study utilized three data gathering techniques observation, interview and focus group discussion. Qualitative thematic case analysis was employed to analyze the data. Outcome: the finding of the study reveals Ramps, Stairs, Doors, Signage and Flooring of buildings are so poor to allow PA for SWSN. University students with special need have less time engagement in PA (their involvement in PA is so minimal) and University students with special need have interest to engage in PA but environmental and social barriers inhabit them form engagement of PA. Finally, recommendation was forwarded for three universities stakeholders based on the major finding of the research.
背景：体育锻炼对每个人都非常重要，无论其年龄、性别、种族、经济状况、体能或残疾状况如何。人们，尤其是有特殊需要的学生，通常被社会视为弱势群体（Block，1992 年）。因此，他们失去了一些经济、政治和社会福利，包括获得公平和优质的 PA 的权利。目标：本研究旨在评估视障和肢体残疾学生参与体育活动的情况。方法：本研究采用定性方法。本研究采用案例研究设计。研究区域：研究在埃塞俄比亚的三所选定大学进行。被选中的大学是 Debre Berhan 大学、亚的斯亚贝巴大学和 Kotbea 都市大学。样本：在本研究中，通过现有抽样技术从所有大学的主校区和分校区抽取有特殊需要的学生样本，并通过目的性抽样技术抽取各机构的负责人。研究采用了观察、访谈和焦点小组讨论三种数据收集技术。采用定性专题案例分析法对数据进行分析。结果：研究结果表明，建筑物的坡道、楼梯、门、标识牌和地板都很差，无法为有特殊需要的学生提供扩音服务。有特殊需要的大学生参与 PA 的时间较少（他们参与 PA 的程度极低），有特殊需要的大学生有兴趣参与 PA，但环境和社会障碍使他们无法参与 PA。最后，根据研究的主要发现，向三所大学的利益相关者提出了建议。
{"title":"Assessment on physical activity involvement of university students with special needs: a case study in some selected higher institutions of Ethiopian","authors":"E. Gebeyehu, Huluager Abebe, Wubadis Tekletadik","doi":"10.59411/ae1sxr38","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59411/ae1sxr38","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Physical activity is very important for every person regardless of his/her age, gender, race, economic status, as well as physical ability, or disability. People, particularly students with special needs are usually perceived by societies as disadvantaged groups (Block, 1992). Hence, they are in a position of missing some economic, political, and social benefits including the right to access equitable and quality of PA. Objectives: the purpose of this study was to assess students with visually impaired and physical disabilities' engagement in physical activity. Methods: in this study qualitative method was employed. A case study research design was employed in this research. Study area: The study was conducted on 3 selected universities, Ethiopia. The selected universities are Debre Berhan, Addis Ababa and kotbea metropolitan universities. Sample: In this research sample of students with special need from all universities main and sub campus ‘was selected by available sampling technique and also responsible head of institutions was selected by purposive sampling technique. The study utilized three data gathering techniques observation, interview and focus group discussion. Qualitative thematic case analysis was employed to analyze the data. Outcome: the finding of the study reveals Ramps, Stairs, Doors, Signage and Flooring of buildings are so poor to allow PA for SWSN. University students with special need have less time engagement in PA (their involvement in PA is so minimal) and University students with special need have interest to engage in PA but environmental and social barriers inhabit them form engagement of PA. Finally, recommendation was forwarded for three universities stakeholders based on the major finding of the research.","PeriodicalId":502758,"journal":{"name":"Helix","volume":"211 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139181273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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