Jun Zhu, Qi Liu, Bin Kong, Wei Shuai, Zheng Xiao, Chang Dai, He Huang
The consumption of alcohol reflects both societal norms and personal choices and has major clinical implications. Long‐term excess alcohol consumption leads to a domino effect of pathological outcomes and onset of chronic illness. However, the risks of alcohol consumption extend beyond long‐term health issues. Because habitual alcohol drinkers reach a state of systemic homeostasis, when they attempt withdrawal, they experience many negative physiological effects and may develop alcohol withdrawal syndrome. The complex interplay between alcohol consumption and withdrawal does not result solely in behavioral issues. Rather, a substantial number of important physiological adaptations and potential problems underly habitual drinking. Addressing these issues requires comprehensive medical observation and intervention. Here, we summarize the pathophysiological mechanisms, clinical diseases, and related treatment methods of alcohol consumption and withdrawal. The aim was to provide a reference to improve understanding of alcohol use and promote an informed approach to alcohol withdrawal.
{"title":"From consumption to withdrawal: A broad synopsis of the effects of alcohol","authors":"Jun Zhu, Qi Liu, Bin Kong, Wei Shuai, Zheng Xiao, Chang Dai, He Huang","doi":"10.1002/med4.46","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/med4.46","url":null,"abstract":"The consumption of alcohol reflects both societal norms and personal choices and has major clinical implications. Long‐term excess alcohol consumption leads to a domino effect of pathological outcomes and onset of chronic illness. However, the risks of alcohol consumption extend beyond long‐term health issues. Because habitual alcohol drinkers reach a state of systemic homeostasis, when they attempt withdrawal, they experience many negative physiological effects and may develop alcohol withdrawal syndrome. The complex interplay between alcohol consumption and withdrawal does not result solely in behavioral issues. Rather, a substantial number of important physiological adaptations and potential problems underly habitual drinking. Addressing these issues requires comprehensive medical observation and intervention. Here, we summarize the pathophysiological mechanisms, clinical diseases, and related treatment methods of alcohol consumption and withdrawal. The aim was to provide a reference to improve understanding of alcohol use and promote an informed approach to alcohol withdrawal.","PeriodicalId":502918,"journal":{"name":"Medicine Advances","volume":"126 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139175112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
To determine whether dynamic changes in serum total testosterone (TT) levels during controlled ovarian stimulation (COS) by a GnRH‐a (gonadotrophin‐releasing hormone agonist) long protocol may predict pregnancy in women with normal ovarian reserve in in vitro fertilization.The TT measurements were added to routine hormone tests during COS. The TT dynamic changes, clinical pregnancy rate, and quality of oocytes and embryos of 109 patients were analyzed.Compared with the non‐pregnancy group, in the pregnancy group the TT level on Gn initial day (TTinitial‐d) increased sharply when the dominant follicle reached a diameter 10–12 mm [TTfΦ (10–12)‐d] and on human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) day (TTHCG‐d), also the ratios of TTfΦ (10–12)‐d to TTinitial‐d (1.23 ± 0.37 vs. 1.10 ± 0.58, p = 0.040) and TTHCG‐d to TTinitial‐d (2.32 ± 1.26 vs. 2.00 ± 1.43, p = 0.019) increased notably. Of the 2 TT ratios, the first tertile limit was regarded as the threshold of high TT ratios (1.00, 1.45). High tertiles had higher pregnancy rates than low tertiles (82.86% vs. 42.11%, p = 0.006; 71.43% vs. 44.83%, p = 0.040). The 2 TT ratios were positively associated with the number of metaphase II oocytes and good‐quality embryos.Of COS in a long GnRH‐a protocol with optimized outcome, serum TT kinetics appears to be characterized by sharp rises at the early and late stages of follicle growth. The ratios of TTΦ (10–12)‐d to TTinitial‐d and TTHCG‐d to TTinitial‐d may be predictors for pregnancy and qualitative outcomes of oocytes and embryos.
{"title":"Dynamic serum testosterone concentration may predict in vitro fertilization yield during ovarian stimulation by a gonadotrophin‐releasing hormone agonist long protocol in women with normal ovarian reserve","authors":"Yang Zhao, X. Jiao, Jiawen Xu, Chu Chu, Yacong Cao, Huiyu Xu, Wenming Xu, Xiaomiao Zhao","doi":"10.1002/med4.41","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/med4.41","url":null,"abstract":"To determine whether dynamic changes in serum total testosterone (TT) levels during controlled ovarian stimulation (COS) by a GnRH‐a (gonadotrophin‐releasing hormone agonist) long protocol may predict pregnancy in women with normal ovarian reserve in in vitro fertilization.The TT measurements were added to routine hormone tests during COS. The TT dynamic changes, clinical pregnancy rate, and quality of oocytes and embryos of 109 patients were analyzed.Compared with the non‐pregnancy group, in the pregnancy group the TT level on Gn initial day (TTinitial‐d) increased sharply when the dominant follicle reached a diameter 10–12 mm [TTfΦ (10–12)‐d] and on human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) day (TTHCG‐d), also the ratios of TTfΦ (10–12)‐d to TTinitial‐d (1.23 ± 0.37 vs. 1.10 ± 0.58, p = 0.040) and TTHCG‐d to TTinitial‐d (2.32 ± 1.26 vs. 2.00 ± 1.43, p = 0.019) increased notably. Of the 2 TT ratios, the first tertile limit was regarded as the threshold of high TT ratios (1.00, 1.45). High tertiles had higher pregnancy rates than low tertiles (82.86% vs. 42.11%, p = 0.006; 71.43% vs. 44.83%, p = 0.040). The 2 TT ratios were positively associated with the number of metaphase II oocytes and good‐quality embryos.Of COS in a long GnRH‐a protocol with optimized outcome, serum TT kinetics appears to be characterized by sharp rises at the early and late stages of follicle growth. The ratios of TTΦ (10–12)‐d to TTinitial‐d and TTHCG‐d to TTinitial‐d may be predictors for pregnancy and qualitative outcomes of oocytes and embryos.","PeriodicalId":502918,"journal":{"name":"Medicine Advances","volume":"7 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139173572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Understanding the molecular mechanism of early lymph node metastasis among lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is essential for developing novel therapeutic agents. Proteomic studies helped generate molecular landscape for LUAD. However, the molecular basis of early lymph node metastases remains unknown in patients with LUAD.Surgically resected LUAD tissues and paired normal tissues were selected from 25 patients with stage pT1bN2M0 (group of metastases [GM]) and 27 patients with stage T2b‐3N0M0 (group of large primary focus, GL) who had not undergone any anti‐tumor treatment. 4D‐Label‐free proteomics sequencing was performed among these tissues. The clinicopathological information was retrieved from the electronic medical record system in Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital.Compared with GL tumor tissue, 89 upregulated and 155 downregulated proteins were identified in GM tumor tissue. Upregulated proteins of GM were enriched in the ECM‐receptor interaction and PI3K‐AKT pathway under Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analysis. And then, the median disease‐free survival (DFS) of GM phenotype patients was used as the cut‐off value, and GM was divided into two groups with significantly different survival outcomes (DFS good vs. DFS Poor: DFS: p < 0.0001; overall survival: p = 0.0017). All members of the Microchromosome maintenance protein family were highly expressed in the DFS‐poor group, especially MCM2. Proteome‐based stratification of LUAD revealed three subtypes (S‐2, S‐2, and S‐3) related to different clinical and molecular features. S‐3 had higher catabolism‐related pathways enriched, such as amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism and fructose and mannose metabolism, which has the worst prognosis (S1 vs. S2 vs. S3, RFS: p = 0.042).Proteomics analyses revealed that the activation of the extracellular matrix and intracellular signal transduction might be the driving mechanisms for early lymph node metastasis. Higher expressed cell proliferation related pathways of early lymph node metastatic LUAD may accelerate the recurrence after curative surgery. Three proteomic subgroups of LUAD with distinct molecular and clinical characteristics were identified, the one of which characterized by enrichment of catabolism‐related pathways displayed the worst survival data.
{"title":"Proteomic characteristics of lung adenocarcinoma tumors that are small but highly invasive","authors":"Zhenbin Qiu, Xiongwen Yang, Jin Xia, Chao Zhang, Wen-Xia Tang, Xiangpeng Chu, Rui Fu, Xuening Yang, Xuchao Zhang, Yi-Long Wu, Wenzhao Zhong","doi":"10.1002/med4.38","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/med4.38","url":null,"abstract":"Understanding the molecular mechanism of early lymph node metastasis among lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is essential for developing novel therapeutic agents. Proteomic studies helped generate molecular landscape for LUAD. However, the molecular basis of early lymph node metastases remains unknown in patients with LUAD.Surgically resected LUAD tissues and paired normal tissues were selected from 25 patients with stage pT1bN2M0 (group of metastases [GM]) and 27 patients with stage T2b‐3N0M0 (group of large primary focus, GL) who had not undergone any anti‐tumor treatment. 4D‐Label‐free proteomics sequencing was performed among these tissues. The clinicopathological information was retrieved from the electronic medical record system in Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital.Compared with GL tumor tissue, 89 upregulated and 155 downregulated proteins were identified in GM tumor tissue. Upregulated proteins of GM were enriched in the ECM‐receptor interaction and PI3K‐AKT pathway under Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analysis. And then, the median disease‐free survival (DFS) of GM phenotype patients was used as the cut‐off value, and GM was divided into two groups with significantly different survival outcomes (DFS good vs. DFS Poor: DFS: p < 0.0001; overall survival: p = 0.0017). All members of the Microchromosome maintenance protein family were highly expressed in the DFS‐poor group, especially MCM2. Proteome‐based stratification of LUAD revealed three subtypes (S‐2, S‐2, and S‐3) related to different clinical and molecular features. S‐3 had higher catabolism‐related pathways enriched, such as amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism and fructose and mannose metabolism, which has the worst prognosis (S1 vs. S2 vs. S3, RFS: p = 0.042).Proteomics analyses revealed that the activation of the extracellular matrix and intracellular signal transduction might be the driving mechanisms for early lymph node metastasis. Higher expressed cell proliferation related pathways of early lymph node metastatic LUAD may accelerate the recurrence after curative surgery. Three proteomic subgroups of LUAD with distinct molecular and clinical characteristics were identified, the one of which characterized by enrichment of catabolism‐related pathways displayed the worst survival data.","PeriodicalId":502918,"journal":{"name":"Medicine Advances","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139230327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A data mining algorithm is proposed based on BERTopic to provide new insights into the analysis of medication rules in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) prescriptions.Using the BERTopic algorithm, collected TCM prescriptions for corneal diseases are converted to embeddings through a transformer based on the Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers pre‐trained model. Then, Uniform Manifold Approximation and Projection is applied to perform dimensionality reduction in prescription embeddings. Subsequently, Hierarchical Density‐Based Spatial Clustering of Applications with Noise is used for clustering. Finally, class‐based term frequency–inverse document frequency is used to generate several main drug combinations from the clustered results.The highest frequency of drugs used included Buddleja officinalis, Bidens pilosa, Angelica sinensis, Eriocaulon buergerianum, and Raw Rehmannia glutinosa. The most frequent drug combinations were “Eriocaulon buergerianum, Raw Rehmannia glutinosa, Prunella vulgaris, Notopterygium incisum” “Lycii Fructus, Bidens pilosa, Buddleja officinalis” and “Kochiae Fructus, Cortex Dictamni.”The proposed data mining algorithm based on BERTopic demonstrated promising outcomes in the analysis of TCM prescription medication rules. This method exhibited simplicity and efficiency, thereby offering a novel avenue for analysis.
利用 BERTopic 算法，收集到的角膜病中医处方通过基于转换器预训练模型的双向编码器表示的转换器转换为嵌入。然后，应用统一曲面逼近和投影技术对处方嵌入进行降维处理。然后，使用基于密度的分层空间聚类（Hierarchical Density-Based Spatial Clustering of Applications with Noise）进行聚类。使用频率最高的药物包括百部、白头翁、当归、桔梗和生地黄。最常见的药物组合为 "桔梗、生地黄、防风、白术""枸杞子、牛膝、巴戟天 "和 "鸡血藤、独活"。该方法简单高效，为分析提供了一条新途径。
{"title":"Research on a data mining algorithm based on BERTopic for medication rules in Traditional Chinese Medicine prescriptions","authors":"Hongchen Li, Xinyi Lu, Yujia Wu, Jie Luo","doi":"10.1002/med4.39","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/med4.39","url":null,"abstract":"A data mining algorithm is proposed based on BERTopic to provide new insights into the analysis of medication rules in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) prescriptions.Using the BERTopic algorithm, collected TCM prescriptions for corneal diseases are converted to embeddings through a transformer based on the Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers pre‐trained model. Then, Uniform Manifold Approximation and Projection is applied to perform dimensionality reduction in prescription embeddings. Subsequently, Hierarchical Density‐Based Spatial Clustering of Applications with Noise is used for clustering. Finally, class‐based term frequency–inverse document frequency is used to generate several main drug combinations from the clustered results.The highest frequency of drugs used included Buddleja officinalis, Bidens pilosa, Angelica sinensis, Eriocaulon buergerianum, and Raw Rehmannia glutinosa. The most frequent drug combinations were “Eriocaulon buergerianum, Raw Rehmannia glutinosa, Prunella vulgaris, Notopterygium incisum” “Lycii Fructus, Bidens pilosa, Buddleja officinalis” and “Kochiae Fructus, Cortex Dictamni.”The proposed data mining algorithm based on BERTopic demonstrated promising outcomes in the analysis of TCM prescription medication rules. This method exhibited simplicity and efficiency, thereby offering a novel avenue for analysis.","PeriodicalId":502918,"journal":{"name":"Medicine Advances","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139233555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Viruses that cause malignancies such as hepatocellular carcinoma and cervical cancer are the cause of approximately 20% of all human cancers. In recent years, engineered T cell immunotherapy targeting tumor‐associated antigens (TAAs) has had some success against virus‐associated cancer, although these treatments are associated with side effects. TAA‐specific‐modified T cells may kill cancer cells but they also react with and damage healthy tissue. During an oncogenic virus infection, viral DNA integrates into the host genome, leading to the expression of viral‐specific antigens in the tumor in a restricted and durable manner. The cross‐reactive side‐effects of conventional TAA‐specific engineered T cell treatment can be avoided by creating engineered T cells that target oncogenic viral antigens. To chart a course for the discovery of additional viral‐specific antigens and their combination with immune checkpoint inhibition therapies, this review summarizes the development, preclinical research, and clinical application of oncogenic viral antigen–specific T cell immunotherapy. This review also addresses challenges such as virus mutation and diverse integration, which can result in the loss of the target.
导致肝细胞癌和宫颈癌等恶性肿瘤的病毒约占人类癌症总数的 20%。近年来，针对肿瘤相关抗原（TAA）的工程T细胞免疫疗法在治疗病毒相关癌症方面取得了一些成功，但这些疗法也存在副作用。TAA特异性修饰的T细胞可以杀死癌细胞，但它们也会对健康组织产生反应并造成损害。在致癌病毒感染过程中，病毒 DNA 整合到宿主基因组中，导致病毒特异性抗原在肿瘤中以受限和持久的方式表达。通过制造靶向致癌病毒抗原的工程 T 细胞，可以避免传统 TAA 特异性工程 T 细胞治疗的交叉反应副作用。为了为发现更多病毒特异性抗原及其与免疫检查点抑制疗法的结合指明方向，本综述总结了致癌病毒抗原特异性 T 细胞免疫疗法的开发、临床前研究和临床应用。本综述还探讨了病毒变异和多样化整合等挑战，这些挑战可能导致靶点的丧失。
{"title":"Oncogenic viral antigens for engineered T cell immunotherapy: Challenges and opportunities","authors":"Haipeng Zhang, Jing Chen, Qianbing Zhang, Lingfeng Yu, Xiaohong Li, Sha Wu","doi":"10.1002/med4.37","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/med4.37","url":null,"abstract":"Viruses that cause malignancies such as hepatocellular carcinoma and cervical cancer are the cause of approximately 20% of all human cancers. In recent years, engineered T cell immunotherapy targeting tumor‐associated antigens (TAAs) has had some success against virus‐associated cancer, although these treatments are associated with side effects. TAA‐specific‐modified T cells may kill cancer cells but they also react with and damage healthy tissue. During an oncogenic virus infection, viral DNA integrates into the host genome, leading to the expression of viral‐specific antigens in the tumor in a restricted and durable manner. The cross‐reactive side‐effects of conventional TAA‐specific engineered T cell treatment can be avoided by creating engineered T cells that target oncogenic viral antigens. To chart a course for the discovery of additional viral‐specific antigens and their combination with immune checkpoint inhibition therapies, this review summarizes the development, preclinical research, and clinical application of oncogenic viral antigen–specific T cell immunotherapy. This review also addresses challenges such as virus mutation and diverse integration, which can result in the loss of the target.","PeriodicalId":502918,"journal":{"name":"Medicine Advances","volume":"18 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139243559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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